全國職稱英語考試綜合類C級課堂筆記閱讀理解第1講

　　前言

　　閱讀理解出題特點：

　　以2002年和2003年綜合C閱讀理解題的出題特點進(jìn)行比較：

　　2002年閱讀理解題：

　　The Greatest Show on Earth

　　Supermarket

　　A Thirsty World

　　閱讀理解題：

　　What Makes a Soccer Player Great?

　　New Foods and The New World

　　Up in Smoke

　　Attached materials:

　　From Supermarket

　　主題理解---Most supermarkets need a very large floor area, sometimes at least ten times as big as that of an ordinary shop

　　Between the shelf units and the window in one half of the shops are a number of small counters about three feet high..

　　語言特點：句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，多為簡單句或簡單復(fù)合句。

　　From A Thirsty World

　　主題理解---The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earths surface is covered with water

　　語言特點：句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，多為簡單句或簡單復(fù)合句。

　　From Up in Smoke -- grew in smoke

　　主題理解---I began to smoke when I was in high school. ..

　　My parents dont care much. ..

　　I read a book called How to Stop Smoking...

　　可以看出：綜合C級閱讀理解考題中，所選擇的文章主題基本上都與社會或文化有關(guān)，有時也可能涉及其他類的主題，如自然地理，大眾科技等。文章中句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為簡單，文章主題較容易理解。通常會有1篇左右的文章是直接選擇當(dāng)年的職稱英語用書上閱讀理解部分的文章，但其文章后的問題通常會有變動。

　　閱讀理解解題思路分析：

　　閱讀理解是職稱英語考試中重點考察的對象，本部分為3篇文章，每篇300-450詞，主要考察考生對文章中心和細(xì)節(jié)信息的理解能力。閱讀理解也是對解題技巧的測試。做題時可行的方法是：先看文章題目(title)，然后是看文章后面的問題(problems)，最后才是文章(main body)。 在閱讀文章時應(yīng)該注意進(jìn)行有目的的閱讀：在閱讀中跳過(skip over)不相關(guān)的信息(information unconcerned)，節(jié)約時間直達(dá)問題的答案。

　　在閱讀中還應(yīng)關(guān)注段首句：如果所要閱讀的文章是議論文或說明文，則段首句往往是主題句 -- 該段論述/說明中心，因此主題句有助于迅速的查找問題答案。

　　對于文章后面的問題：有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)方面的問題的設(shè)置基本上是按照文章的發(fā)展順序，即：通常第二題答案的位置通常在第一題答案所在位置的后面，所以如果第一題答案在第一段，則第二題答案可能在第二段或第三段中;所以可按照問題設(shè)置的順序在對應(yīng)的相關(guān)段進(jìn)行答案查找。同時對于有關(guān)文章主題方面的問題，可以放在最后來處理，或借助文章的開頭，結(jié)尾，及文章各段的段首句綜合加以判斷。

　　在尋找答案時可以采用通過所問問題中的關(guān)鍵詞(題干中核心結(jié)構(gòu)中(主語/謂語/賓語)的用詞和修飾語(起修飾作用的形容詞/副詞))和/或特征詞(題干中出現(xiàn)的時間，數(shù)字，人名，地名等容易在文章中進(jìn)行查找和確認(rèn)的詞匯/結(jié)構(gòu))進(jìn)行答案的查找。

　　快速而正確地解讀閱讀理解的主要關(guān)鍵在于：1. 準(zhǔn)確而迅速地讀懂文章后面的問題，尤其問題的含意是肯定還是否定的，一定要弄清楚; 2. 解讀閱讀理解答案位置的快速確定;3. 在選擇答案時排除法的運用;4.識別答案陷阱;

　　本講教學(xué)目的

　　通過具體例題的分析講解，向考生介紹有效的閱讀理解題的解題方法，同時借助文章進(jìn)行英語語法和詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)。

　　例題講解

　　下面有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　Passage 1

　　New York -- the melting pot

　　Recently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report which laid bare a full scale of change of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the citys population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had risen to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offsprings of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form a majority of the citys population.

　　Who are these New Yorkers? Why do they come here? Where are they form? The last question at least is easy to answer: we come from everywhere . In the list of the top 20 source nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and the former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants get here we roll up our sleeves. If youre not ready to work when you get to New York, says a friend of mine, youd better hit the road.

　　The mayor of New York once said, Immigration continues to shape the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City. He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes New York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of unity that immigration brings to their societies. In the quarter century since 1970, the United States admitted about 12.5 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with an ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are purposeful and hard working, they will help America to make a fresh start in the next century.

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.The report issued by the Department of Planning of New York

　　A. put forward ways to control New Yorks population.

　　B. concerned itself with the growth of New Yorks population.

　　C. studied the structure of New Yorks population.

　　D.suggested ways to increase New Yorks population

　　2. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true of the immigrants in New York?

　　A. One can not find his place in New York unless he is ready to work.

　　B. They found life in New York harder than in their own countries.

　　C. Most of them have difficulty finding jobs.

　　D. One can live on welfare if he does not want to work.

　　3. The mayor of New York considers immigration to be

　　A. a big problem in the management of the city.

　　B. a push needed to develop the city.

　　C. a cause of disintegration of the citys social structure.

　　D. an obstacle to the development of the city

　　4. Where are the New Yorkers from?

　　A. Asia.

　　B. Europe.

　　C. All over the world.

　　D. Latin America.

　　5. What is the authors attitude towards immigration to New York?

　　A. Negative.

　　B. Worried.

　　C. Indifferent.

　　D. Positive.

　　答案及解析：

　　1.文章標(biāo)題分析：New York -- the melting pot

　　借助文章開頭相關(guān)的語句進(jìn)一步了解文章的標(biāo)題/中心：

　　Recently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report which laid bare a full scale of change of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the citys population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had risen to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offspring of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form a majority of the citys population.

　　補充：

　　Bare adj.赤裸的, 無遮蔽的, 空的

　　Synonyms: naked, open

　　e.g. a bare room (沒有家具的)空房間

　　on a large scale大規(guī)模

　　2.接看問題句和備選項，注意它們的句意和用詞的特點。

　　1.The report(核心詞) issued by the Department of Planning of New York(特征結(jié)構(gòu)/線索結(jié)構(gòu))_____.

　　A. put forward ways to control New Yorks population.

　　B. concerned itself with the growth of New Yorks population.

　　C. studied the structure of New Yorks population.

　　D. suggested ways to increase New Yorks population.

　　C.分析：發(fā)現(xiàn)備選項都包含population，利用題干中的線索結(jié)構(gòu)作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句：

　　Recently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report which laid bare a full scale of change of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the citys population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had risen to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offsprings (子孫)of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form a majority of the citys population.

　　發(fā)現(xiàn)在相關(guān)句所在的段落中主要提到了人口的組成，所以C是答案。

　　考點：考察考生的總結(jié)歸納能力。

　　出題點：段落中的總結(jié)歸納句通常由so, thus, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a result, in consequence, hence等引導(dǎo)。Majority n (常與of連用)多數(shù);半數(shù)以上

　　e.g. The majority of children in our class have brown eyes

　　我們班大多數(shù)孩子是棕色眼睛。

　　比較：minority n.少數(shù), 少數(shù)民族

　　major n.[教]主修課adj.主修的vi.主修

　　major in主修

　　minor n. 副修科目 adj.較小的, 次要的, 二流的vi.輔修

　　2. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true of the immigrants in New York ?

　　A. One can not find his place in New York unless he is ready to work.

　　B. They found life in New York harder than in their own countries.

　　C. Most of them have difficulty finding jobs.

　　D. One can live on welfare if he does not want to work.

　　A.分析：注意到備選項主要涉及到移民的生活/工作問題, 所以注意段落中出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)工作或生活方面的內(nèi)容，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句：

　　Who are these New Yorkers? Why do they come here? Where are they form? And when we immigrants get here we roll up our sleeves. If youre not ready to work when you get to New York, says a friend of mine, youd better hit the road(開始流浪).(畫線句的內(nèi)容與A一致)(提示：可以借助相臨語句的句意獲得對復(fù)雜句子句意的理解)

　　考點：短語hit the road

　　出題點：包含特殊詞匯或特殊短語或句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子。roll up ones sleeve v.卷起袖子, 準(zhǔn)備行動

　　hit the road v.開始流浪

　　3. The mayor of New York (線索結(jié)構(gòu))considers immigration to be ____.

　　A. a big problem in the management of the city.

　　B. a push needed to develop the city.

　　C. a cause of disintegration (瓦解)of the citys social structure.

　　D. an obstacle to the development of the city.

　　B.分析：首先判斷D的說法違背常識，判斷它不是答案。利用mayor of New York和 immigration和作為答案線索，發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句：

　　The mayor of New York once said, Immigration continues to shape the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City. He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes New York great. (畫線句的句意B的含義一致。)

　　考點：對畫線結(jié)構(gòu)(比喻結(jié)構(gòu))的理解。

　　出題點：包含特殊詞匯或特殊短語或句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子。make/keep/leave + o. + adj.

　　e.g. make me happy/sad; keep healthy/alive; leave the door open;

　　4. Where are the New Yorkers from?

　　A. Asia.

　　B. Europe.

　　C. All over the world.

　　D. Latin America.

　　分析：該題是細(xì)節(jié)題，順著上題的答案位置往下，發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句：

　　Who are these New Yorkers? Why do they come here? Where are they from? The budgets of weddings.

　　B) The business of weddings.

　　C) The planning and execution of weddings.

　　D) The high wedding expense.

　　2. Which of the following is not mentioned?

　　A) The wedding budget.

　　B) The wedding breakfast.

　　C) The wedding date.

　　D) The wedding cost.

　　3. Not a single company can dominate the industry because

　　A) People resist standardization.

　　B) Parents want to reduce the wedding cost

　　C) Many couples cant afford more than the price of a hamburger.

　　D) Family members are surprised at the complicated arrangements.

　　4. Which of the following can best replace the phrase foot the billin the first paragraph?

　　A) play football

　　B) bring the bill

　　C) approve the bill

　　D) pay the bill

　　5. The writers attitude towards the annual 12-billion-dollar business of wedding appears to be

　　A. positive.

　　B. negative.

　　C. indifferent.

　　D. objective.

　　答案及解析：

　　1.文章標(biāo)題分析：The business of wedding

　　Every couple who goes to the altar(祭壇) believes ..

　　A quick look at any bride magazine will reveal that

　　As the arrangements are generally complicated, there are plenty of services that ..

　　What is surprising is that no one company dominates the industry. .

　　What about the couple that doesnt want to take in this billion-dollar industry? They can go to city hall and get married for less than the price of a hamburger.

　　2.直接看問題句和備選項，確認(rèn)答案。(注意問題句和備選項的句意，結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞特點)

　　1. What does the expression this billion-dollar industry refer to ?

　　A) The budgets of weddings.

　　B) The business of weddings.

　　C) The planning and execution of weddings.

　　D) The high wedding expense.

　　分析：借助題干中的引語結(jié)構(gòu)作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句，在進(jìn)行答案選擇時一定要注意引語的核心詞industry(工業(yè)/行業(yè))，而備選項中與該詞相對的只有B中的business，而B選項又是文章的標(biāo)題(中心)，因此判斷答案為B。也可借助文章中的相關(guān)句：

　　As the arrangements are generally complicated, there are plenty of services that can be hired to help with the planning and execution of the every aspect of the wedding: planning the photographs, selecting the wedding rings, choosing the flowers, picking the honeymoon spot, and so on. One magazine lists over 350such pamphlets published of course by businesses who have something to offer. Considering that weddings do more than 12billion dollars worth of business annually in the US alone, such activity isnt surprising.

　　What is surprising is that no one company dominates the industry. It seems that when people plan for a day as special to them as a wedding, they resist standardization. They turn instead to the small local suppliers known to them or to their friends. Family members or friends often serve as photographers, caterers and musicians. This not only helps bring the wedding cost down, but makes it more personal.　What about the couple that doesnt want to take in this billion-dollar industry? They can go to city hall and get married for less than the price of a hamburger.

　　考點：考察代詞(this/the)的指代內(nèi)容。

　　出題點：涉及代詞的句子。take in v.接受, 吸收, 理解, 包括

　　take apart v. 拆開分開后將分成許多部分

　　take off: v. 脫掉(衣服等), 打折

　　e.g. take the brake off松開剎車

　　e.g. take 20 percent off優(yōu)惠百分之二十

　　take out v. 取出

　　take over v. 接管

　　take up v. 用盡，耗掉或占用, 開始從事(一項職業(yè)或行當(dāng))：

　　e.g. take up engineering干起了工程設(shè)計這一行

　　e.g. The extra duties took up most of my time.額外工作耗費了我絕大部分時間

　　2. Which of the following is not mentioned?

　　A) The wedding budget.

　　B) The wedding breakfast.