2024屆高考英語命題猜想與仿真押題：專題16 書面表達（命題猜想）（原卷版）
專題16 書面表達
【】1.寫作體裁與知識的實際運用密切結合
近三年的高考卷書面表達體裁呈多樣化，記敘文、書信和論說文都在日常生活中使用較多，考生十分熟悉。寫作話題貼近實際生活，突出了對考生處理現實生活實際問題的能力的考查。
2.突出考查考生的想象力和創新能力
近三年的書面表達的寫作內容都是來自于生活的真實情景。需要考生根據自身的生活閱歷展開合理想象，創設合情合理的語境。
3.從高考書面表達的發展趨勢看，2024年高考在體裁和題材上應該保持相對穩定，寫作類型及提示形式也不會有太大的變化。考查考生的創新意識、思維拓展能力和文化素養的試題比重會有所增加。
【熱點突破】審題立意
審題是做好書面表達的前提。做題前應認真分析材料明確題目要求。
審文體：文體形式一般有記敘文、說明文、議論文及各種應用文(包括書信、通知、日記、便條等)
2．審人稱：弄清書面表達要求用何種人稱，然后以合適的身份、語氣，從適當的角度進行表達。
3．審時態：考生容易出錯的就是時態。首先應確定文章的主體時態。例如：日記一般使用一般過去時，說明文一般使用一般現在時等。當然，為滿足寫作的需要，我們還要把其他時態與主體時態交叉使用。
4．審要求：考生要特別關注書面表達題中的“注意”一項，這是命題人對考生提出的具體答題要求，因此對于題目所提供的說明，無論是英語還是漢語，都應該認真分析，反復推敲，做到寫作時沒有偏差。
【熱點突破】 列出要點
高考書面表達評分標準之一是要點齊全。但在考場上由于擔心時間不夠、緊張以及受不良答題習慣等因素的影響不少考生答題心切沒有認真審題導致所寫的文章要點殘缺詳略不當結構不清。
拿到題目后考生首先要整體把握本篇書面表達的中心內容和重點是什么要求最大篇幅是多少；其次要弄清哪些是次要信息只需要交代一下；最后確定可以在哪里補充一些內容以使文章內容豐富上下文連貫。具體來講可以分以下三種情況。
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2．看圖作文：這種類型的書面表達最容易遺漏要點。無論是單幅、雙幅還是多幅圖畫，考生一定要認真研究圖畫中的每一個細節或信息，這些都要在文章中有所體現。注意有些題目還會要求考生發表對該圖畫的看法，考生一定要根據題目要求和圖畫寓意表達出來。
3．(半)開放作文：這種類型的書面表達往往分為兩種。一種是題目給出一段漢字，一種是給出一幅(組)漫畫，讓考生發表看法。這時，考生要緊扣文章提示，先對該現象或圖畫進行簡單扼要的描述或介紹，然后再據此發表議論。
【熱點突破】 遣詞造句
列好要點后就進入寫作的實質階段了那就是提筆成文。提筆成文時我們應該注意的是：
1——開頭、正文、結尾。好的開始是成功的一半，開好頭、起好步對書面表達至關重要，好的開頭會讓閱卷老師的眼睛為之一“亮”。開頭常見的方式包括開門見山、以俗語諺語或直接引語引出等，當然也可以以疑問句、套語開頭。文章能否得高分，關鍵還要看結尾，好的結尾能起到畫龍點睛的作用。文章的結尾應根據不同體裁而定，或總結全文，或表明對所敘述的人或事的態度，適可而止，但千萬不能草草收場，結尾一定要顯得水到渠成。
常用開頭句式(黑體部分)：
First，I think everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendship.
First of all，we must make full use of every 45minute lesson.
Nowadays/Recently，people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic.
In the first place，she can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.
To begin with，smoking should be banned in public areas.
Generally speaking，the more you practise，the more skillfully you can write in English.
As the proverb says/As the saying goes，“Time is money.”
As can be seen from the table，nearly everyone owns one mobile phone in China.
With the development of the Internet，computers play an important role in people’s life.
It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.
There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.
It is believed that health is above wealth.
It is well known that an elephant is a very kind and gentle animal.
I’m excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine.
I’m glad to hear that you will come to our school as an exchange student.
As is known to all，shoes play an important role in our life，for it can protect our feet from being hurt.
常用結尾句式(黑體部分)：
All in all，traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.
In conclusion，a good citizen should observe traffic regulations.
In a word，success is important，and so is failure，because it’s the mother of success.
To sum up，environmental protection is of great importance，which can make us live more comfortably and healthily.
On the whole，I find a bike more enjoyable than a motorcycle.
I’d appreciate it if you could deliver them as soon as possible.
It is high time that we did something to prevent the environment from being polluted.
Only with combined efforts can we expect our hometown take on a new look in the near future.
We can，therefore，come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as peace in the world.
From what has discussed above，we may draw the conclusion that you must have selfconfidence if you want to achieve something.
In short，not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese，it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.
In a word，my life will be much richer and more colorful.
I’ll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.
2．表達準確，用詞高級：高考評分標準中所說的“應用了較多的詞匯”，是指詞匯使用的多樣性，如詞性的多樣性、高級詞匯的使用、同義詞與反義詞的使用、短語的使用等。由此可知，運用較高級詞匯對提高書面表達的得分檔次至關重要。使用高級詞匯的4 大原則：
(1) 具體性原則
在具備一定詞匯量的條件下，具體的表達比泛泛而談的內容更能引起讀者的共鳴。例如：當描述一個具體事物或人時，類似a nice/good man的表達讓人感覺很空洞，我們可以用有個性的、具體的詞描繪一個人，如kindhearted(好心的)；generous(慷慨的；大方的)；easygoing(隨和的)等。
①I will have my own family probably with a lovely child.
②It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
(2)新穎性原則
寫作時恰當得體地使用高中學過的、別人可能想不到的詞匯，會給閱卷人耳目一新的感覺。但是需注意：既要避免使用俗詞，又要避開冷僻詞匯。
①In the coming three years，our school life will be difficult.
→In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging.
②So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are sure to achieve success.
→So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are bound to achieve success.
(3)短語優先原則
多使用詞組、習語來代替一些單詞，以增加文采。
①Developing a good habit is also important.
→Developing a good habit is also of importance.
②As the number of English learners is increasing，it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.
→As the number of English learners is on the rise，it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.
③I was going to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car，which drove off quickly.
→I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car，which drove off quickly.
(4)避免重復原則
盡量避免過多地使用某一個單詞，必要時選擇使用其他恰當的同義詞或詞組來代替。
①I like reading while my brother likes watching football matches.
→I like reading while my brother enjoys watching football matches.
②We’ve built a new experiment building beside the old one and we’ve also built a library where the old playground used to be.
→We’ve built a new experiment building beside the old one and we’ve also set up a library where the old playground used to be.
常見高級寫作詞匯必備
1．第一first→to begin/start with
2．第二second→in addition/what’s more
3．最后finally→last but not least
4．總之in a word→to sum up/in conclusion/in summary
5．但是but→however
6．機會chance→opportunity
7．選擇choice→alternative
8．考慮consider→take into account/consideration
9．充足enough→adequate
10．影響effect→influence
11．最終finally→eventually
12．勤奮hardworking→diligent
13．幫助help→assist
14．后果result→consequence
15．應該should→be supposed to
16．缺點shortcoming→drawback
17．理解understand→make sense of/figure out
18．可用useful→available
19．使用use→employ/make use of
20．種類繁多all kinds of→a wide range of
21．也；和as well as→in addition to/apart from
22．反對be against→object to
23．厭煩be bored with→be fed up with
24．忙于be busy in/with→be occupied in/with
25．發生happen→occur/come about
26．幾乎不hardly→barely
27．提高improve→promote
28．重要important→vital
29．立即immediately→in a flash
30．不可能impossible→out of the question
31．有趣interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing
32．參加join→participate
33．幸運lucky→fortunate
34．巨大large→enormous
35．許多many→a large quantity of
36．明顯obvious→apparent
37．豐富rich→abundant
38．小心謹慎be careful→be cautious
39．與……不同be different from→differ/vary from
40．渴望做……be eager to do→be dying to do/long to do
41．因為because of→on account of
42．聞名be famous for→have a reputation for
43．正在建設 being built→under construction
44．感到舒心feel comfortable→feel at ease
45．在我看來in my opinion→as far as I am concerned
46．美化學校make our school beautiful→beautify our school
47．故意on purpose→deliberately/by design
48．置若罔聞refuse to listen to→turn a deaf ear to
49．成功做某事succeed in doing sth.→make it
50．無法描述的美麗too beautiful to describe→beauty beyond description
51．一個表現好的孩子a child who behaves in a proper way→a wellbehaved child
52．節能的房子a house which saves energy→an energysaving house
53．一位受到良好教育的婦女a woman who has received good education→a welleducated woman
54．精心組織的活動an activity that is organized well→a wellorganized activity
55．一個愛好和平的人a person who loves peace→a peaceloving person
3．句式多變，結構復雜：高考評分標準中提出“較多的語法結構”就是指句式結構的多樣性。毋庸置疑，單調的句式和結構、長度相近的句子會使文章呆板單調，缺乏生氣和活力，而靈活多變的句式則使行文豐富多彩，生動、自然、流暢。感嘆句、倒裝句、復合結構、強調句型、定語從句、非謂語動詞短語等語法結構的正確使用，可以使文章的語言充滿層次感，從而較好地反映出作者的語言運用能力。常見的滿分句型：
(1)合并句子(豐富結構)
●(高考山東卷)Not only can I improve my oral English but also I learn some customs in western countries.
●(高考江西卷)For one thing，they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons.For another，they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.
(2)改變語態(避免單調)
●(高考重慶卷)Besides，I am a booklover and the books are so well kept that they are as good as new.
(3)使用省略(達到言簡意賅的效果)
●(高考全國卷Ⅱ)If so，please keep quiet about it because we want to give him a surprise.
(4)使用強調句型(突出語意)
●(高考福建卷)It is overprotection and too much care that affect the children’s healthy development.
(5)使用倒裝句(增強說服力)
●(高考江蘇卷)Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
(6)使用虛擬語氣(提出建議，委婉表達，易于接受)
●(高考陜西卷)She would have never thought a complete surprise was waiting for her.
(7)使用with結構(豐富句式)
●(高考福建卷)The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring，with the sun shining and birds singing.
(8)使用狀語從句(強調謂語或句子)
●(高考湖北卷)Whenever I had difficulties，they were always available.
(9)使用定語從句(表意豐富)
●(高考山東卷)However，I was busy preparing for my final exam at that time，which was of vital importance for me.
(10)使用名詞性從句(體現扎實的語言功底)
●(高考福建卷)It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.
(11)使用非謂語動詞(不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞以及動名詞的使用，可使句式多樣化)
●(高考福建卷)What’s worse，they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake，totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.
●(高考安徽卷)These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.
(12)適當使用名言警句
在寫作時，根據實際情況恰當地用上一兩句名言警句來點綴文章，不僅使文章顯得有深度，而且會提升文章的得分檔次。寫作中常用的名言警句有：
As a popular saying goes，“Every coin has two sides.”
常言道，“事物都有兩面性。”
As a proverb says，“Rome was not built in a day.”
常言道，“偉業非一日之功。”
