高中英語語法-主謂一致

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高中英語語法-主謂一致

　　主謂一致

　　語法復習二、主謂一致

　　在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規律,大致可歸納為三個原則,即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。

　　 (一)語法一致原則:語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。

　　 1、以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式;主語為復數時,謂語動詞用復數形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

　　注意:由what引導的主語從句,后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式,但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時,主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

　　 2、由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面,要用復數形式的謂語動詞。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

　　注意:① 若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時,它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如:The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and連接的并列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.

　　 3、主語為單數名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數形式;若主語為復數,謂語用復數形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

　　 4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數名詞和由some, any, no, every構成的復合不定代詞,都作單數看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

　　注意:① 在口語中當either或neither后跟有of+復數名詞(或代詞)作主語時,其謂語動詞也可用復數。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名詞是不可數名詞,它的謂語動詞就要用單數;若它后面的名詞是復數,它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.

　　 5、在定語從句時,關系代詞that, who, which等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

　　 6、如果集體名詞指的是整個集體,它的謂語動詞用單數;如果它指集體的成員,其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

　　注意:people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。如:The police are looking for the lost child.

　　 7、由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞構成的短語以及由分數或百分數+名詞構成的短語作主語,其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中后面名詞的數而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

　　注意: a number of許多,作定語修飾復數名詞,謂語用復數;the number of的數量,主語是number,謂語用單數。

　　 8、在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如:There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

　　 (二)邏輯意義一致原則:邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致(因有時主語形式為單數,但意義為復數;有時形式為復數,但意義為單數)。

　　 1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數,也可是復數,主要靠意思來決定。如:Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.

　　 2、表示時間、重量、長度、價值等的名詞的復數作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數形式, 這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體,如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.

　　 3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數形式,其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如: The Arabian Nightsis an interesting story-book.

　　 4、表數量的短語one and a half后接復數名詞作主語時,其謂語動詞可用單數形式(也可用復數。如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.

　　 5、算式中表示數目(字)的主語通常作單數看待,其謂語動詞采用單數形式。如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

　　 6、一些學科名詞是以 -ics 結尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都屬于形式上是復數的名詞,實際意義為單數名詞,它們作主語時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn't easy to study.

　　 7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時,謂語用復數,但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時,謂語動詞用單數。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.

　　 8、定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞,表示某一類人時,動詞用復數。

　　 (三)就近一致原則:在英語句子中,有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。

　　 1、當兩個主語由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also連接時,謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?

　　 2、there be句型be動詞單復數取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語,則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room..

　　注意:Here引導的句子用法同上。

　　練習:主謂一致

　　 1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.

　　 A.am B.is C.are D.be

　　 2. The rich ____ not always happy.

　　 A.are B.is C.has D.have

　　 3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.

　　 A.are B.am C.is D.was

　　 4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.

　　 A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study

　　 5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.

　　 A.am B.is C.are D.be

　　 6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,

　　 A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;areis

　　 7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.

　　 A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like

　　 8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.

　　 A.was B.is C. would be D.are

　　 9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.

　　 A.is B.are C.has D.have

　　 10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.

　　 A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been

　　 11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.

　　 A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished

　　 12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.

　　 A.is B.was C.are D.is being

　　 13. The great writer and professor____.

　　 A. is an old man B. are both old men

　　 C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese

　　 14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.

　　 A.are B.is C.has D.have

　　 15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.

　　 A. are B. was C. is D. be

　　 16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.

　　 A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed

　　 17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.

　　 A. is B. are C. was D. were

　　 18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.

　　 A. has been B.have been C.was D.is

　　 19. A chemical works____ built there.

　　 A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been

　　 20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.

　　four B.are;fourfive D.are;five

　　 21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.

　　 A.is B.are C.was D.were

　　 22.He is the only one of die students who ____ elected.

　　 A. are B.have C.has D.is

　　 23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.

　　 A.have B.has C. have been D.has been

　　 24.Many a man ____ come to help us.

　　 A.have B.has C.is D.are

　　 25.All____ present and all____ going on well, our monitor said.

　　is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are

　　 26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.

　　 A. is searching for B. were searching for

　　 C. are searching for D. were searching

　　 27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.

　　il B.are;it C.are;themthem

　　 28.This pair of trouseis ____ too long for him.

　　 A.is B.be C.are D.were

　　 29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.

　　 A.is B.are C.has D.have

　　 30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.

　　 A.is B.are C.get D.equal

　　 31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

　　 A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes

　　 32.____of the money____ nm out.

　　 A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been

　　 C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have

　　 33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.

　　 A. are listening to B. is listening to

　　 C.are listening D. is listening

　　 34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.

　　 A.is B.are C.was D.were

　　 35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.

　　 A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are

　　 36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.

　　 A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need

　　 37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.

　　 A. is B.was C.are D.all

　　 38.What we need____ good textbooks.

　　 A.is B.are C.have D.has

　　 39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.

　　 A.have something to at B. has something to do with

　　 C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with

　　 40. More than one member ____ against the plan.

　　 A. is B.are C.has D.have

　　 41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.

　　 A. has not decided B. is not decided

　　 C. are not decided D. have not decided

　　 42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.

　　 A. are B. has C. is D. have

　　 43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently?

　　 A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is

　　 44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.

　　 A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be

　　 45. My family ____ small.

　　 A. is B. were C. are D. makes

　　 46. The following ____ some other examples.

　　 A. are B. is C. was D. were

　　 47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active.

　　 A. is B. will be C. was D. are

　　 48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.

　　 A. is B. are C. was D. has

　　 49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.

　　 A. are B. is C. were D. was

　　 50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.

　　 A. was B. is C. are D. were

　　 51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.

　　 A. is B. am C. are D. be

　　 52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.

　　 A. is B. am C. are D. be

　　 53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.

　　 A. are B. were C. is D. will

　　 54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member.

　　 A. are B. were C. will D. is

　　 55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV.

　　 A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are

　　 56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.

　　 A. is B. am C. are D. be

　　 57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.

　　 A. is B. are C. is from D. are from

　　 58. Many a man ____ the novel.

　　 A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are read

　　 59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.

　　 A. is B. was C. are D. were

　　 60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.