英語語法　虛擬語氣專題訓(xùn)練及答案

　　英語語法　虛擬語氣專題訓(xùn)練及答案

　　The Subjunctive Mood:

　　虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望、猜測(cè)、建議或與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)等，也可以表示可能性較小的情況或不可能發(fā)生的情況，而不是客觀存在的事實(shí)(表示客觀事實(shí)要用陳述語氣)。虛擬語氣是由句中謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式表現(xiàn)出來的。虛擬語氣常用于復(fù)合句中，也可用于簡(jiǎn)單句。

　　一、虛擬語氣的用法

　　I. Present Unreal:

　　l If I (you, he / she, we, they) + 動(dòng)詞過去式 (were, did, had, etc.), should / would / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形

　　e.g. If I had HIV, I would know because I would fell sick.

　　If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.

　　II. Past Unreal:

　　l If I (you, he / she, we, they) + had + 過去分詞, should / would / could / might + have + 過去分詞

　　e.g. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.

　　If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.

　　III. Future impossible:

　　1. If I (you, he / she, we, they) + 動(dòng)詞過去式 (were, did, had, etc.), should / would / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形

　　e.g. If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best.

　　2. If I (you, he / she, we, they) should +動(dòng)詞原形, should / would / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形

　　e.g. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.

　　3. If I (you, he / she, we, they) + were to +動(dòng)詞原形, should / would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形

　　e.g. If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.

　　二、虛擬語氣應(yīng)該注意的問題

　　I. 關(guān)于假使條件虛擬語氣需注意的幾點(diǎn)

　　1. 如果從句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致, 這種假設(shè)條件句叫錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件虛擬語氣. 其主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成要根據(jù)所假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定.

　　1) If I had taken the medicine, I would be better now. 如果我服用了那種藥的話, 現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好些了.

　　2) If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. 如果(前些日子)天氣更好些, 莊稼一定會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好.

　　2. If it were not for / had not been for 也是一種條件虛擬語氣從句, 譯為 要不是因?yàn)?

　　1) If it hadnt been for the doctor, he wouldnt have recovered so soon.

　　2) If it were not for the lack of space, we would hold the sports meet today.

　　3. 有些條件是由一些短語引出的 (but for, with, without; otherwise, or, but, etc,)

　　1) We couldnt have achieved so much without your help (= If we had not had your help).

　　2) Without solar radiation, animals and plants would die.

　　3) With better equipment, we could have done it better.

　　4) But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.

　　5) I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.

　　6) He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.

　　7) He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.

　　4. 在某些隱含的虛擬條件簡(jiǎn)單句中, 虛擬語氣可通過上下文表現(xiàn)出來. 謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式.

　　1) Any men in his position would have done like that.

　　2) You should (ought to) have come earlier.

　　II. 虛擬語氣祈使語氣的混合使用

　　在有些情況下, 條件從句中的謂語由should + 原形動(dòng)詞 構(gòu)成, 這時(shí)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞既可以是虛擬語氣或陳述語氣, 也可以是祈使語氣.

　　1. If it should rain, the plan will / would be called off.

　　2. Should anyone phone, please tell them Im busy.

　　3. Even if (If) it should get stormy, I will go.

　　III. 表示要求, 建議, 命令的虛擬語氣

　　表示要求, 建議, 命令的從句中, 謂語動(dòng)詞要用should + 原形動(dòng)詞, 其中可以should 省略. 下列例句可以表示這種虛擬語氣.

　　a. 主賓語從句表示法: suggest, order, request, advise, require, insist, ask, demand, command, propose等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要用原形動(dòng)詞should + 原形動(dòng)詞, 可以省略.

　　1. The doctor advised that I (should) take a rest.

　　2. The London dockers demanded that their wages (should) be raised.

　　3. He insisted that the meeting (should) not be put off.

　　l 當(dāng)suggest, insist 等動(dòng)詞表示暗示, 堅(jiān)持說 時(shí), 其賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞不需要用虛擬語氣, 要用陳述語氣.

　　1. Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job?

　　2. He insisted that he was innocent.

　　b. 主語從句表示法: 當(dāng)以上動(dòng)詞用在下列句型中時(shí), 主語從句也應(yīng)該用should + 原形動(dòng)詞

　　1. It is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down.

　　2. It is ordered that the work (should) be started at once.

　　l 在It is (was) strange (necessary, wonderful, important, etc.) that句型中, strange, necessary等后面的主語從句中用should + 原形動(dòng)詞, should可以省略.

　　3. It is strange that he (should) refuse to come to the party.

　　4. It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.

　　5. It is important that we should learn from toehrs.

　　e. 表語從句表示法.

　　suggestion, proposal, order, advice, demand 等名詞作主語時(shí), 其后面的表語從句中也用虛擬語氣, 即should + 原形動(dòng)詞, should 也可以省略.

　　1) My advice is that you (should) give up smoking.

　　c. wish 后面所跟賓語從句要求謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣.

　　e.g. I wish that she were here with me and that we werent sick.

　　I wish I had sent the old man to hospital in time.

　　d. 在as if引起的從句中,動(dòng)詞一般用虛擬語氣, 通常用were

　　e.g. People treat me as if I were a dangerous person.

　　I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.

　　f. 同位語從句表示法.

　　1. That evening came the order that we (should) cross the river at once.

　　IV. 虛擬語氣中常見的句型有

　　1. It is (high / about) time that 這一從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should + 原形動(dòng)詞, 其中should不可以省略. 此句型譯為該是時(shí)候了.

　　2. would rather sb. did sth. / had done sth.

　　此句型表示寧愿讓某人, 如果是沒有發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 從句用過去時(shí); 如果是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事, 從句用過去完成時(shí).

　　1) Id rather you left tomorrow.

　　2) Id rather they hadnt gone to school yesterday.

　　3. if only

　　此句型表示要是就好了. 其后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)與wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相同, 既:如果虛擬現(xiàn)在, 要用一般過去時(shí); 如果是虛擬過去, 要用過去完成時(shí); 如果是虛擬將來, 則應(yīng)該用 would或 could加原形動(dòng)詞.

　　1) If only I were a bird!

　　2) If only I had worked hard as a student!

　　3) If only I could land on the moon!

　　4. 連接詞in case可用來引起的虛擬語氣. 形式通常為: in case + 主語 + should +動(dòng)詞原形. in case句中should 的可以省去, 也可以不用虛擬語氣, 而用陳述語氣.

　　1) He took his rain coat with him in case it should rain.

　　2) He doesnt dare to leave the house in case he is (should be) recognized.

　　虛擬語氣單項(xiàng)選擇:

　　1. If I had had enough time, I 　　　　　　　my work.

　　A. would finish　　　　　　 B. must have finished

　　C. would have finished　　 D. had finished

　　2. Ten minutes earlier, they 　　　　　　　the plane.

　　A. will catch　 B. would catch　C. would have caught　D. will have caught

　　3. Mr. Green requires that the students 　　　　　　a composition every other week.

　　A. write　　 B. written　　 C. would write　　 D. will write

　　4. Had he studied hard, he 　　　　　the exam.

　　A. would pass　B. could pass　C. had passed　 D. would have passed

　　5. I wish I 　　　　　what is happening there in his room.

　　A. know　　 B. known　　 C. knew　　 D. should know

　　6. It is important that you 　　　　　　　sports every day.

　　A. have　　 B. would have　　 C. must have　　 D. will have

　　7. If there were no water in the world, everything 　　　　.

　　A. will die　B. would die　C. would have died　 D. would have been dead

　　8. 　　　　　 what was going to happen ,I would never have left her alone.

　　A. Had I known　　 B. If I know　C. If I knew　　　 D. If had I known

　　9. He ordered that the work 　　　　　　　right away.

　　A. should finish　 B. finished　C. would be finished　　 D. be finished

　　10. Shall we go to the movie tonight?

　　 No, Id rather 　　　　　　　at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.

　　A. you stayed　　 B. you stay　　 C. stayed　　 D. stay

　　11 .　　　　　 in your position, I would help him.

　　A. Was I　　　 B. Were I　　　 C. If I am　　　 D. If I had been

　　12. I 　　　　　　, but I was stopped by the heavy rain.

　　A. mean to come　 B. meant to come　C. had meant to come　 D. meant coming

　　13. Mrs. Black insists 　　　　　　　　　in that old hotel.

　　A. not to stay　B. not staying　C. staying not　　D. that he not stay

　　14. If you had spoken clearly, you would 　　　　　　.

　　A. understand it　 B. have understood C. be understood D. have been understood

　　15. If you 　　　　　　 that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.

　　A. havent watched　 B. hadnt watched 　C. didnt watch D. wouldnt have watched

　　16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he 　　　　 a Chinese.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　A. is　　 B. be　　 C. should be　　 D. were

　　17. If he 　　　　, he 　　　　that food.

　　 Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

　　A. was warned; would not take　 B. would be warned; had not take　C. had been warned; would not have taken　D. would have been warned; had not taken

　　18. Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology 　　　　　achieved.

　　A. will not be　 B. would not be 　C. would not have been　 D. cannot have been

　　虛擬語氣實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

　　1. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _____ your advice. (上海2003)

　　A. followed B. would follow　C. had followed D. should follow

　　2. _____ be sent to work there?(上海 2002)

　　A. Who do you suggest　B. Who do you suggest that should　C. Do you suggest who should 　D. Do you suggest whom should

　　3. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (上海 2002)

　　A. has B. had C. will have D. had had

　　4. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal. (上海2001)

　　A. had scored B. scored 　C. would score D. would have scored

　　5. You didnt let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired.

　　A. drove; didnt get

　　B. drove; wouldnt get

　　C. were driving; wouldnt get

　　D. had driven; wouldnt have got

　　6. My suggestion is that we _____ a few more assistants to help the engineer working busily on the machine.

　　A. sends B. sending C. to send D. send

　　7. The CEO of the company insisted _____ in the five-star hotel.

　　A. that we not stay B. that we dont stay

　　C. we wouldnt stay D. not to stay

　　8. Its high time we students _____ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.

　　A. work B. will work

　　C. worked D. have to work

　　9. It has been proposed that the school sports meet _____ till next weekend because of the recent storm.

　　A. should be put off B. should put off

　　C. put off D. would be put off

　　10. How I wish I _____ to Athens, where the 28th Olympic Games are being held!

　　A. will pay a visit B. have paid a visit

　　C. could pay a visit D. had paid a visit

　　11. Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing _____ to her while facing her friends and relatives.

　　A. happened B. happens

　　C. had happened D. happen

　　12. If he _____ his legs in the last training, he _____ the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.

　　A. hadnt hurt; would join in

　　B. hadnt hurt; would have taken part in

　　C. didnt hurt; would go in for

　　D. didnt hurt; would have taken part in

　　13. If I _____ to school tomorrow, I _____ my lessons now.

　　A. were to go; would do B. would go; would do

　　C. went; did D. should go; am doing

　　14. It is demanded that everyone _____ in his seat at 7:00 tomorrow morning.

　　A. is B. be C. would be D. will be

　　15. Id rather you _____ their invitation yesterday.

　　A. not accept B. wouldnt accept

　　C. didnt accept D. hadnt accepted

　　16. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it.

　　A. saw; would ask B. had seen; would have asked

　　C. had seen; would ask D. saw; would have asked

　　17. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days?

　　A. is B. will be C. were D. would be

　　18. _____ late tomorrow, who would take her place?

　　A. Should Miss Green come

　　B. If Miss Green would come

　　C. Miss Green should come

　　D. If Miss Green comes

　　19. It seems as if it ____ already summer now.

　　A. were B. be C. is D. had been

　　20. I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday.

　　A. saw B. could see C. had seen D. was seeing