SAT寫作的五大基本要求
SAT寫作是有一定的規范和要求的，我們在積累了一定的例證以及寫作方法以后，就要注意這些規范性的細節，SAT寫作要求具體表現在五個方面：避免使用俚語和口語、避免使用不完整或冗長的句式、正確使用標點符號、正確使用修飾語、正確使用代詞，下面我們一一來看一下。
一、避免使用俚語和口語
盡量避免在正式的寫作中使用俚語和口語，因為它們使用并不普遍，所以極易使讀者誤解作者要表達的意思。例如：
錯誤：She plays a wicked game of tennis.
正確：She excels in tennis.
錯誤：John has been doing a science for years.
正確：John has been a scientist for years.
錯誤：The blackened salmons been one of the restaurants most popular entrees.
正確：The blackened salmon has been one of the restaurants most popular entrees.
稍作思考，你就會選擇正確的用法。注意要堅持使用標準用法，拋棄非正式場合用語以及表述不清晰的縮寫等用法。
二、避免使用不完整或冗長的句式
不完整的句式沒有獨立的從句;而冗長的句式則有兩個以上的從句，而這若干從句之間并沒有恰當地銜接。這兩種錯誤都是我們應該努力避免的，具體做法如下。
不完整的句式
正式寫作中的每句話都必須有獨立從句。所謂獨立從句，就是包含主語、謂語，并且不以下述連詞作為句子開頭：
After if than whenever although in order that though where as provided that unless whether because since until while before so that
錯誤：Global warming. This is what the scientists and journalists are worried about.
正確：Global warming is the cause of concern for scientists and journalists.
注意，以并列連詞and、but、or、nor和for作為單句的開頭，則是可以接受的。例如：
正確：Most people would agree that indigent patients should receive wonderful health care. But every treatment has its price.
冗長的句式
在時間緊張的情況下，不少學生寫出來的句子沒有標點連接，或者只有逗號。例如：
Current insurance practices are unfair they discriminate against the people who need insurance most.
我們有三種修改方法：
1)標注句號：Current insurance practices are unfair. They discriminate against the people who need insurance most.
這樣，一個獨立的句子就變成幾個獨立的從句。
2)標注分號：Current insurance practices are unfair; they discriminate against the people who need insurance most.利用分號把具有獨立意義的句式分開，但同時向讀者表明句子表示的含義之間存在一定聯系。
3)利用連詞：Current insurance practices are unfair in that they discriminate against the people who need insurance most.這也是最有效的修改方法，從句仍然是獨立的，同時也表明了從句之間的聯系。
出現冗長句式還有一個原因，就是誤用however、nevertheless、furthermore、likewise、therefore等副詞。例如：
錯誤：Current insurance practices are discriminatory, furthermore they make insurance too expensive for the poor.
正確：Current insurance practices are discriminatory. Furthermore, they make insurance too expensive for the poor.
三、 正確使用標點符號
1.逗號
請遵循以下4大規則：
1.用逗號分開系列成分。如果有2個以上相同成分，則應用逗號分開;例如：
My recipe for buttermilk biscuits contains flour, soda and buttermilk.
2. 使用逗號來分開插入從句和短語;例如：
Gordon, who is a writer by profession, bakes an excellent cheesecake.
3.在引導性分詞或介詞短語后使用逗號;例如：
After the banquet, Harold and Martha went dancing.
4.利用逗號來分開連詞連接的獨立從句。例如：
Susans old car has been belching blue smoke from the tailpipe for two weeks, but it has not broken down yet.
2.分號
請遵循以下2大規則：
1.使用分號而不是并列連詞來連接兩個含義緊密的獨立從句;例如：
Whooping cranes are an endangered species; they are unlikely to survive if we continue to pollute.
2. therefore、nevertheless和moreover等詞連接的獨立從句可用分號隔開。例如：
The staff meeting has been postponed until next Thursday; therefore, I will be unable to get approval for my project until then.
3.冒號
請遵循以下3大規則：
1.在正式的寫作中，冒號的作用僅在于表明其后是對前面所述內容的詳細說明、定義、解釋或過去發生事情的概述。冒號之前一般是獨立從句，并且通常情況下有as follows、the following、namely或like等提示短語。例如：
正確：Your instructions are as follows: read the passage carefully, answer the questions on the last page, and turn over your answer sheet.
2.動詞和直接賓語間不要放冒號。例如：
錯誤：I want: a slice of pizza and a small green salad.
正確：This is what I want: A slice of pizza and a small green salad.
3.如果前后兩句話有如上所述的緊密關系，即使沒有上述表示這層關系的短語，也可使用冒號，并且在這種情況下，句號也可用。例如：
正確：We were aghast: The charming country inn that had been advertised in such glowing terms proved to be a leaking cabin full of mosquitoes.
4.連字符號和破折號
請遵循以下7大規則：
1.行末單詞分開時使用連字符號。例如：
正確：In this incredible canvas, the artist used only monochromatic elements.
2.表示21-99這些數字和用作形容詞的分數時，使用連字符號。
錯誤：A two thirds vote was necessary to carry the measure.
正確：A two-thirds vote was necessary to carry the measure.
3.由前綴ex、all、self、semi或后綴elect構成的詞語，前綴或后綴和主體之間應有連字符號。
錯誤：The president elect was invited to chair the meeting.
正確：The president-elect was invited to chair the meeting.
4.如果把復合形容詞放在所修飾詞語的前面，則該形容詞各部分應由連字符號分開。
正確：The no-holds-barred argument continued into the night.
5.專有名詞或形容詞前添加前綴，兩部分應由連字符號隔開。例如：
錯誤：His pro African sentiments were heartily applauded.
正確：His pro-African sentiments were heartily applauded.
6. 如果復合構詞法構成的詞語容易與其他詞語混淆，或者導致元音字母相鄰，則應用連字符號隔開。例如：
錯誤：Most buildings in the ghost town are recreations of the original structures.
正確：Most buildings in the ghost town are re-creations of the original structures.
錯誤：She took an antiinflammatory drug for her sports injury.
正確：She took an anti-inflammatory drug for her sports injury.
7. 用破折號表明思路的突然變化。
正確：To get a high scoreand who doesnt want to get a high scoreyou need to devote yourself to prolonged and concentrated study.
5.撇號
請遵循以下3大規則：
1. 表明動詞縮寫，但是在作文開始中應盡量避免縮寫。
2. 表明名詞所有格。
3.代詞都另有單詞表示其所有格，比較特殊的是中性詞one，其所有格為one加上撇號和s。
四、正確使用修飾語
單詞在句中的位置往往決定該單詞與句中其他單詞的關系，對修飾語而言尤其如此。修飾語和被修飾成分應在所有格和數上保持一致。如果修飾語和被修飾成分隔開太遠，則容易導致語意模糊，所以應盡量避免出現這種情況。例如：
錯誤：Cheung and Martha sat talking about the movie in the office.
正確：Cheung and Martha sat in the office talking about the movie.
五、 正確使用代詞
使用代詞的時候，應明確其所指稱或代表的先行詞。如果容易引起歧義，應明確寫明先行詞，不用擔心重復。例如：
錯誤：The teacher told the student he was lazy.
正確：The student was lazy, and the teacher told him so.
避免用this、that、it或which來指代整個短語或句子，即使這些代詞與其指代的先行詞很近，你可以用這些詞再加上一個名詞來指代。
錯誤：The salesman spoke loudly, swayed back and forth, and tapped the table nervously, which made his customers extremely nervous.
正確：The salesman spoke loudly, swayed back and forth, and tapped the table nervously, mannerisms which made his customers extremely nervous.
除非指代天氣，否則句子開頭不要用it指代。
錯誤：It is difficult to distinguish between the scent of roses and that of tulips.
正確：T o distinguish between the scent of roses and that of tulips is difficult.
少數不定代詞既可以指代單數名詞，也可以指代復數名詞。當這些代詞做主語時，必須明白其先行詞是單數還是復數。
錯誤：His superiors have been following his progress. Some are more impressed than others. None are overwhelmed.
記住：以-body、-one、和-thing結尾的代詞在數上始終是單數含義;both、few、many、several等代詞在數上始終是復數含義。
掌握了這五種SAT寫作要求以后，你的文章會更加規范，避免了這些細節上的小問題，再加上明確的觀點和充分的例證，清晰的段落和流暢的語言，你距離滿分作文越來越近了。
SAT寫作是有一定的規范和要求的，我們在積累了一定的例證以及寫作方法以后，就要注意這些規范性的細節，SAT寫作要求具體表現在五個方面：避免使用俚語和口語、避免使用不完整或冗長的句式、正確使用標點符號、正確使用修飾語、正確使用代詞，下面我們一一來看一下。
一、避免使用俚語和口語
盡量避免在正式的寫作中使用俚語和口語，因為它們使用并不普遍，所以極易使讀者誤解作者要表達的意思。例如：
錯誤：She plays a wicked game of tennis.
正確：She excels in tennis.
錯誤：John has been doing a science for years.
正確：John has been a scientist for years.
錯誤：The blackened salmons been one of the restaurants most popular entrees.
正確：The blackened salmon has been one of the restaurants most popular entrees.
稍作思考，你就會選擇正確的用法。注意要堅持使用標準用法，拋棄非正式場合用語以及表述不清晰的縮寫等用法。
二、避免使用不完整或冗長的句式
不完整的句式沒有獨立的從句;而冗長的句式則有兩個以上的從句，而這若干從句之間并沒有恰當地銜接。這兩種錯誤都是我們應該努力避免的，具體做法如下。
不完整的句式
正式寫作中的每句話都必須有獨立從句。所謂獨立從句，就是包含主語、謂語，并且不以下述連詞作為句子開頭：
After if than whenever although in order that though where as provided that unless whether because since until while before so that
錯誤：Global warming. This is what the scientists and journalists are worried about.
正確：Global warming is the cause of concern for scientists and journalists.
注意，以并列連詞and、but、or、nor和for作為單句的開頭，則是可以接受的。例如：
正確：Most people would agree that indigent patients should receive wonderful health care. But every treatment has its price.
冗長的句式
在時間緊張的情況下，不少學生寫出來的句子沒有標點連接，或者只有逗號。例如：
Current insurance practices are unfair they discriminate against the people who need insurance most.
我們有三種修改方法：
1)標注句號：Current insurance practices are unfair. They discriminate against the people who need insurance most.
這樣，一個獨立的句子就變成幾個獨立的從句。
2)標注分號：Current insurance practices are unfair; they discriminate against the people who need insurance most.利用分號把具有獨立意義的句式分開，但同時向讀者表明句子表示的含義之間存在一定聯系。
3)利用連詞：Current insurance practices are unfair in that they discriminate against the people who need insurance most.這也是最有效的修改方法，從句仍然是獨立的，同時也表明了從句之間的聯系。
出現冗長句式還有一個原因，就是誤用however、nevertheless、furthermore、likewise、therefore等副詞。例如：
錯誤：Current insurance practices are discriminatory, furthermore they make insurance too expensive for the poor.
正確：Current insurance practices are discriminatory. Furthermore, they make insurance too expensive for the poor.
三、 正確使用標點符號
1.逗號
請遵循以下4大規則：
1.用逗號分開系列成分。如果有2個以上相同成分，則應用逗號分開;例如：
My recipe for buttermilk biscuits contains flour, soda and buttermilk.
2. 使用逗號來分開插入從句和短語;例如：
Gordon, who is a writer by profession, bakes an excellent cheesecake.
3.在引導性分詞或介詞短語后使用逗號;例如：
After the banquet, Harold and Martha went dancing.
4.利用逗號來分開連詞連接的獨立從句。例如：
Susans old car has been belching blue smoke from the tailpipe for two weeks, but it has not broken down yet.
2.分號
請遵循以下2大規則：
1.使用分號而不是并列連詞來連接兩個含義緊密的獨立從句;例如：
Whooping cranes are an endangered species; they are unlikely to survive if we continue to pollute.
2. therefore、nevertheless和moreover等詞連接的獨立從句可用分號隔開。例如：
The staff meeting has been postponed until next Thursday; therefore, I will be unable to get approval for my project until then.
3.冒號
請遵循以下3大規則：
1.在正式的寫作中，冒號的作用僅在于表明其后是對前面所述內容的詳細說明、定義、解釋或過去發生事情的概述。冒號之前一般是獨立從句，并且通常情況下有as follows、the following、namely或like等提示短語。例如：
正確：Your instructions are as follows: read the passage carefully, answer the questions on the last page, and turn over your answer sheet.
2.動詞和直接賓語間不要放冒號。例如：
錯誤：I want: a slice of pizza and a small green salad.
正確：This is what I want: A slice of pizza and a small green salad.
3.如果前后兩句話有如上所述的緊密關系，即使沒有上述表示這層關系的短語，也可使用冒號，并且在這種情況下，句號也可用。例如：
正確：We were aghast: The charming country inn that had been advertised in such glowing terms proved to be a leaking cabin full of mosquitoes.
4.連字符號和破折號
請遵循以下7大規則：
1.行末單詞分開時使用連字符號。例如：
正確：In this incredible canvas, the artist used only monochromatic elements.
2.表示21-99這些數字和用作形容詞的分數時，使用連字符號。
錯誤：A two thirds vote was necessary to carry the measure.
正確：A two-thirds vote was necessary to carry the measure.
3.由前綴ex、all、self、semi或后綴elect構成的詞語，前綴或后綴和主體之間應有連字符號。
錯誤：The president elect was invited to chair the meeting.
正確：The president-elect was invited to chair the meeting.
4.如果把復合形容詞放在所修飾詞語的前面，則該形容詞各部分應由連字符號分開。
正確：The no-holds-barred argument continued into the night.
5.專有名詞或形容詞前添加前綴，兩部分應由連字符號隔開。例如：
錯誤：His pro African sentiments were heartily applauded.
正確：His pro-African sentiments were heartily applauded.
6. 如果復合構詞法構成的詞語容易與其他詞語混淆，或者導致元音字母相鄰，則應用連字符號隔開。例如：
錯誤：Most buildings in the ghost town are recreations of the original structures.
正確：Most buildings in the ghost town are re-creations of the original structures.
錯誤：She took an antiinflammatory drug for her sports injury.
正確：She took an anti-inflammatory drug for her sports injury.
7. 用破折號表明思路的突然變化。
正確：To get a high scoreand who doesnt want to get a high scoreyou need to devote yourself to prolonged and concentrated study.
5.撇號
請遵循以下3大規則：
1. 表明動詞縮寫，但是在作文開始中應盡量避免縮寫。
2. 表明名詞所有格。
3.代詞都另有單詞表示其所有格，比較特殊的是中性詞one，其所有格為one加上撇號和s。
四、正確使用修飾語
單詞在句中的位置往往決定該單詞與句中其他單詞的關系，對修飾語而言尤其如此。修飾語和被修飾成分應在所有格和數上保持一致。如果修飾語和被修飾成分隔開太遠，則容易導致語意模糊，所以應盡量避免出現這種情況。例如：
錯誤：Cheung and Martha sat talking about the movie in the office.
正確：Cheung and Martha sat in the office talking about the movie.
五、 正確使用代詞
使用代詞的時候，應明確其所指稱或代表的先行詞。如果容易引起歧義，應明確寫明先行詞，不用擔心重復。例如：
錯誤：The teacher told the student he was lazy.
正確：The student was lazy, and the teacher told him so.
避免用this、that、it或which來指代整個短語或句子，即使這些代詞與其指代的先行詞很近，你可以用這些詞再加上一個名詞來指代。
錯誤：The salesman spoke loudly, swayed back and forth, and tapped the table nervously, which made his customers extremely nervous.
正確：The salesman spoke loudly, swayed back and forth, and tapped the table nervously, mannerisms which made his customers extremely nervous.
除非指代天氣，否則句子開頭不要用it指代。
錯誤：It is difficult to distinguish between the scent of roses and that of tulips.
正確：T o distinguish between the scent of roses and that of tulips is difficult.
少數不定代詞既可以指代單數名詞，也可以指代復數名詞。當這些代詞做主語時，必須明白其先行詞是單數還是復數。
錯誤：His superiors have been following his progress. Some are more impressed than others. None are overwhelmed.
記住：以-body、-one、和-thing結尾的代詞在數上始終是單數含義;both、few、many、several等代詞在數上始終是復數含義。
掌握了這五種SAT寫作要求以后，你的文章會更加規范，避免了這些細節上的小問題，再加上明確的觀點和充分的例證，清晰的段落和流暢的語言，你距離滿分作文越來越近了。
