2024屆高考英語一輪復習技能提升練：必修3 Unit 4《Astronomythe science of the stars》（新人教版含解析）
必修三 Unit 4 高考提能練
練(一) 英語知識運用·組塊專練——練準度
(限時：30分鐘)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2024·廣西桂林一模)The other day I was having a meal in an Italian restaurant when I got a phone call from a long lost friend. In my excitement I talked slightly __1__ than usual and in Spanish, my mother tongue. A few minutes into the __2__ the lady sitting at the table beside mine got up, seemingly __3__， and asked the restaurant staff to find for her another __4__ as far away as possible from me. I __5__ in my seat out of embarrassment, feeling the __6__ to go over and apologize.
I looked around and __7__ the lady was alone and staring out the window at the table furthest away from me. I was about to stand up when it hit me that she might prefer not to be __8__. Right then I __9__ my plans for a conventional apology and decided to conduct an experiment. Seeing those __10__ smile cards in my wallet I took one out. On signing my restaurant check I asked my waiter to __11__ charge the lady?s meal to my credit card and __12__ her a smile card instead of her bill.
When I was __13__ I told the staff I would be back in a few hours to pick up my credit card and close the bill. I returned later as I promised, excited to learn the __14__ of the experiment. To my pleasant surprise, things __15__ the best possible way. The restaurant staff happily approached me, telling me that in the many times she had had dinner there before __16__ had they seen the old lady smile and laugh like she did __17__ receiving the smile card and the D|S0 __18__. She thanked the staff __19__ they explained that someone else did the job.
To top it off, the staff asked me about the smile cards so as to conduct their own __20__. It was an interesting, fun experiment which may hopefully result in many more.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在飯店高聲打電話時打擾到了一位女士，感覺過意不去，想過去給那位女士道歉。但意識到這位女士可能不愿被人打擾，于是作者想到了一個別出心裁的道歉方式：替她買單，并讓服務員替自己給這位女士送一張微笑卡。沒想到這種方式收到了出乎意料的效果。
1．A.better B．more
C．faster
D．louder
解析：選D 根據句中“In my excitement”以及下句中“as far away as possible from me”可知，作者接到一個很久沒聯系過的朋友打來的電話，感到興奮，所以說話聲音比平時要大，導致鄰桌的一位女士厭煩，換到了遠離作者的位置。故選D項，意為“更響亮地，更大聲地”。
2．A.call
B．speech
C．quarrel
D．saying
解析：選A 根據第一句中“when I got a phone call”及空格前“A few minutes into”可知，此處指作者打了幾分鐘的電話。故選A項，意為“電話聯絡”。
3．A.tired
B．worried
C．annoyed
D．confused
解析：選C 根據空格后“asked the restaurant staff to find for her another __4__ as far away as possible from me”以及第一段最后一句中“go over and apologize”可知，此處應指作者大聲打電話讓這位女士感到厭煩。故選C項，意為“惱怒的，生氣的”。
4．A.chair
B．table
C．room
D．space
解析：選B 根據第一句中“in an Italian restaurant”以及第二段第一句中“staring out the window at the table furthest away from me”可知，這位女士要求換個餐桌。故選B項。
5．A.hid
B．lay
C．sank
D．took
解析：選C 根據句中“in my seat out of embarrassment”可知，由于感到尷尬，作者應是坐下來了。故選C項，意為“下沉，坐下”。
6．A.chance
B．urge
C．pity
D．mistake
解析：選B 根據上文內容及空格后“go over and apologize”可知，因為自己大聲打電話的不禮貌行為讓這位女士感到厭煩，所以作者覺得很有必要走過去向她道歉。故選B項，意為“強烈愿望，沖動”。
7．A.spotted
B．told
C．heard
D．recognized
解析：選A 根據句中“looked around”可知，作者環顧四周后發現這位女士獨自坐到了離自己最遠的一張餐桌旁。故選A項，意為“看見，發現”。
8．A.attracted
B．watched
C．noticed
D．disturbed
解析：選D 根據第一段最后一句中“go over and apologize”和本段上句中“the lady was alone ... from me”可知，作者想去給這位女士道歉，但看到她一個人坐在那里，凝視著窗外，作者突然意識到她可能不愿被別人打擾。因此選D項，意為“擾亂，打擾”。
9．A.had
B．made
C．abandoned
D．refused
解析：選C 根據上句以及本句中“decided to conduct an experiment”可知，作者放棄了常規的道歉方式。故選C項，意為“放棄”。
10．A.funny
B．useless
C．expensive
D．strange
解析：選A 根據常識可知，“smile cards”(微笑卡)的特點應是有趣。故選A項，意為“有趣的，滑稽的”。
11．A.instantly
B．secretly
C．slightly
D．freely
解析：選B 根據第三段最后一句的內容，尤其是“She thanked the staff __19__ they explained that someone else did the job.”可知，這位女士不知道作者替她付賬的事。由此可知，答案為B項，意為“秘密地”。
12．A.draw
B．buy
C．drop
D．hand
解析：選D 根據空格后“her a smile card instead of her bill”和第三段倒數第二句中“receiving the smile card”可知，作者替這位女士結了賬，并讓服務員給她一張微笑卡而不是給她賬單。故選D項，意為“傳遞，交給”。
13．A.going
B．arriving
C．leaving
D．walking
解析：選C 根據空格后“I told the staff I would be back”可知，此處應指作者離開時。故選C項，意為“離開”。
14．A.outcome
B．effects
C．rules
D．situations
解析：選A 根據句中“I returned”“excited to learn the __14__ of the experiment”可知，作者再次回來一方面是結賬，另一方面是想知道自己實施的道歉方式的結果如何。故選A項，意為“結果”。
15．A.worked out
B．turned out
C．went out
D．figured out
解析：選B 根據上句中“excited to learn the __14__ of the experiment”可知，本句話強調新穎的道歉方式所產生的結果。故選B項，意為“結果是，證明是”。
16．A.ever
B．even
C．still
D．never
解析：選D 分析句子結構可知，本句話使用了部分倒裝形式。并結合句中“in the many times she had had dinner there before”可推知，此處指這位女士多次到這個飯店用餐，但飯店的服務員從未見她笑過。由此可知，答案為D項。表示否定意思的詞或短語位于句首時，句子常用部分倒裝結構。
17．A.on
B．to
C．at
D．with
解析：選A 句意：……他們之前從來沒見過這位女士像收到微笑卡和0元賬單時那樣笑過。on doing是固定短語，意為“當……時，一……就……”，符合句意。故選A項。
18．A.gift
B．note
C．check
D．expense
解析：選C 根據第二段最后一句中“charge the ladys meal to my credit card”可知，作者替這位女士付了賬。結合空格前“the D|S0”可知，此處指0元賬單。故選C項，意為“賬單，支票”。
19．A.unless
B．because
C．as though
D．even though
解析：選D 根據空格前后兩部分“She thanked the staff”和“they explained that someone else did the job”可知，二者之間是讓步關系。故選D項，意為“盡管，雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句。
20．A.shops
B．experiments
C．businesses
D．restaurants
解析：選B 根據最后一句中“may hopefully result in many more”可知，作者希望這樣的做法會越來越多。由此可知，此處應指服務員詢問作者微笑卡的相關信息，他們也想模仿作者的這種做法。故選B項。
Ⅱ.語法填空
(2024·太原二模)What should you do if you are not able to sleep? The best thing is to try to avoid bad habits. __1__ you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this sets a __2__ (health) rhythm in your life. Don?t drink caffeine drinks in the evening. Smoking and alcohol can also keep you awake. You may have trouble __3__ (sleep) if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed.
You may also find it difficult __4__ (get) to sleep if you have a problem or something else on your mind. This is __5__ you need to relax. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and then relax __6__. Continue up the body, tensing and relaxing the muscles until you reach the head. Start with the feet again if you are still tense. If you __7__ (think) about a problem or about something exciting that is going to happen the next day, get up and write about it. That will help to take it off your mind. You can also get up and read, but be sure to choose __8__ book that is not too difficult. __9__， you may get so interested that you won’t want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy.
Sleep well! Sweet __10__ (dream)!
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。失眠會對人體健康造成極大危害。本文介紹了應對失眠的幾個方法。1．If 考查連詞。此處用if引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果你總是按時睡覺并按時起床的話”。注意首字母大寫。
2．healthy 考查詞性轉換。空格處修飾名詞“rhythm”，應用形容詞形式。故填healthy。
3．sleeping 考查非謂語動詞。have trouble (in) doing sth.意為“做某事有困難”。故填sleeping。
4．to get 考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，it為形式賓語，因此此處應用動詞不定式“to get to sleep”作真正的賓語。故填to get。
5．when 考查表語從句。句意：這時候你需要放松。空格處引導表語從句，且在從句中作時間狀語。故填when。
6．them 考查代詞。根據語境可知，此處指代上文中的“muscles”，作“relax”的賓語。故填復數賓格形式them。
7．are thinking/think 考查動詞的時態。此處可用現在進行時表示正在進行的動作，意為“如果你正在考慮一個問題或者正在想第二天將要發生的令人興奮的事情”；也可用一般現在時表示經常性、習慣性的動作。故填are thinking/think。
8．a 考查冠詞。根據語境可知，此處表示“選擇一本并不難的書”，表示泛指。故填不定冠詞a。
9．Otherwise 考查副詞。根據語境可知，本句與上句之間為轉折關系，本句意為“否則，你可能會很感興趣以至于困了也不想去睡覺”。故填副詞Otherwise。注意首字母大寫。
10．dreams 考查名詞的數。形容詞sweet后應用名詞形式，且dream為可數名詞，故此處應用復數形式。sweet dreams是固定表達，意為“做好夢”。練(二) 第Ⅱ卷強化增分·組塊專練——練規范
(限時：45分鐘)
Ⅰ.語法填空
(2024·東北三省四市第一次聯考)Most Americans dont like to get advice from members of their family. They get advice from “strangers”. When they need advice, they __1__ (rare) go to people they know. Instead, many of __2__ write letters to newspapers and magazines __3__ give advice on many different subjects __4__ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, and even on how to buy a house or a car.
Most newspapers regularly print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are answers written by people who __5__ (suppose) to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, and others are lawyers or __6__ (educate). Among the writers, two women are famous. __7__ they have no special training for this kind of work, they can give the readers suitable advice because they are rich __8__
life experience and good at communicating with others. A survey was done last year about why people __9__ (turn) to strangers for help and why the two women were well-received. Most people interviewed in __10__ survey said this way could help protect their privacy and the advice from the women was practical and effective.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。介紹了大多數美國人不喜歡向熟悉的人尋求建議，他們更喜歡寫信到報紙或雜志，因為他們認為這樣可以保護他們的隱私。
1．rarely 考查副詞。空格處應用副詞修飾動詞“go”，故用rarely。
2．them 考查代詞。空格處指代上文的“Most Americans”。故用them。
3．which/that 考查定語從句。本句中先行詞是“newspapers and magazines”，指物，且在從句中作主語。故用which/that引導定語從句。
4．including 考查介詞。空格后面是名詞，所以這里應填介詞，include的介詞形式是including，意為“包括”。
5．are supposed 考查固定短語。be supposed to do是固定短語，意為“應該做，應當做”，符合語境。因為主語是“people”，故用are supposed。
6．educators 考查名詞。or是并列連詞，前面是名詞“lawyers”，所以后面也應該是名詞的復數形式。故用educators。
7．Although/Though/While 考查連詞。句意：盡管她們在這類工作方面沒有接受過專門的培訓，但是她們能給讀者合適的建議……根據句意可知，前后句之間為讓步關系。故用Although/Though/While。
8．in 考查固定短語。be rich in是固定短語，意為“在……方面豐富的”。根據語境可知，因為他們有豐富的人生經驗，并且擅長和別人交流。故用in。
9．turned 考查動詞的時態。根據“last year”可知，動作發生在過去，應用一般過去時。故用turned。
10．the 考查冠詞。上文提到過這次調查，所以這里表示特指。故用the。
Ⅱ.短文改錯
(2024·河南省實驗中學檢測)Last Saturday, our school had organized an activity to visit the children at a local orphanage. As one of the volunteer, I took part in it. We took many books as well many kinds of school supplies and toys to the children. They were delighting to receive the gifts. In the morning, we played some games with them when we used to play in our childhood. Then we cooked and had lunch here. In the afternoon, we gave them some performances. Before leaving the orphanage, we had photos take with them and gave them our contact details so that they could keep in touch with one another. Each of us had a happily time. We gave the children our care and help, but in return, they gave us their smiles and love.
