2024屆高考英語二輪語法突破課件：定語從句（外研版）

　　【高考集訓】 用適當的關系詞填空 1. (2024·廣東高考)The next day, my brother and I went to the beach

　　______ we watched some people play volleyball.

　　2. (2024·浙江高考)I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth

　　grade, _____ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches

　　of a tree.

　　3. (2024·湖南高考)I am looking forward to the day _____ my daughter

　　can read this book and know my feelings for her.

　　where when when 4. (2024·新課標全國卷Ⅱ)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the

　　house ______ I would be staying.

　　5. (2024·浙江高考)We live in an age _____ more information is

　　available with greater ease than ever before.

　　where when 考點4

　　介詞+關系代詞的6個考查點　★★★★ 1. 考查定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配。 *Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.

　　風力是一種古老的能源, 也許在不久的將來我們(人類)會重新使用它。 2. 考查定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配習慣。 *He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他要我去參考一些我不太熟悉的參考書。 3. 考查根據句意或者先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣確定介詞。 *I am looking for my glasses, without which I can’t watch TV clearly. 我正在找我的眼鏡, 沒有它我就看不清電視了。 4. 考查表示所屬關系的of which/whom。 *She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which/whose construction had taken more than three years.

　　她帶領參觀者參觀了那個花了三年多時間才建成的博物館。 注意: the+n. +of which(whom)可與whose+n. 互換。 5. 考查表示整體與部分關系的of which/whom。 *The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd.

　　公共汽車被憤怒的人群包圍著, 其中的大部分已滿員了。 6. 考查表示同位關系的of which/whom。 *She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.

　　她帶來了她的三位朋友, 我以前全沒見過。 【點津】選擇介詞的3個原則:

　　①根據句子意思表達的需要; ②根據從句中動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配習慣; ③根據先行詞和介詞的搭配習慣。 【辨析】定語從句與幾種句式和從句的區別:

　　與并列句的區別 如果兩個句子之間是分號, 或有and, but, so等連接詞, 則這兩個句子為并列句; 如果兩個句子之間是逗號, 且沒有上述的連接詞, 則這兩個句子之間就是主從關系, 須有一個引導詞引導定語從句 與強調句型的區別 判斷強調句型的關鍵在于把強調結構“It is/was. . . that. . . ”去掉后, 主句的意思和結構是完整的 與狀語從句的區別 狀語從句通常沒有先行詞, 整個從句在復合句中作時間、地點或原因等狀語, 而定語從句是對先行詞起修飾限定作用的 與同位語從句的區別 ①定語從句對先行詞起修飾、限定作用; 而同位語從句對先行詞起解釋、說明作用; ②引導詞that在從句中的作用不同: 在定語從句中, that既起連接作用, 又須在定語從句中充當句子成分, 如主語、賓語等; 而在同位語從句中, that只起連接作用, 不充當句子成分; ③翻譯方法不同: 限制性定語從句通常翻譯成“……的”, 而同位語從句通常翻譯成“即”, 也可用冒號或破折號表示 (1)The news(that)they told me made me excited. (定語從句) (2)The news that our team won the match made me excited.

　　(同位語從句) 【典題印證】用適當的關系詞填空 (2024·天津高考)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each ofuses it differently.

　　解題關鍵: 根據逗號前后的邏輯, 可知逗號后面是定語從句。由句意可知, 英語是一種被好幾種不同文化共享的語言, 每種文化都用不同的方式使用它。故用which。

　　【高考集訓】 用適當的關系詞填空 1. (2024·大綱版全國卷)September 30 is the day by ______ you must

　　pay your bill.

　　2. (2024·浙江高考)The children, all of ______ had played the whole

　　day long, were worn out.

　　3. (2024·遼寧高考)He may win the competition, in ______ case he is

　　likely to get into the national team.

　　which whom which 4.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most

　　of ______ are family members.

　　5.In our class there are 46 students, of ______ half

　　wear glasses.

　　whom whom 語法專項突破系列 定語從句 考點1

　　5組易混關系代詞的用法辨析　★★★★★ 1. 只用that不用which的情況:

　　(1)先行詞是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代詞時 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.

　　我拒絕接受那些因為別人的過錯而帶來的責難。 (2)先行詞被the only, any, few, no, very等修飾時 Australia is the only country that is also a continent.

　　澳大利亞是唯一一個獨占一個大洲的國家。 (3)先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數詞或被形容詞最高級、序數詞修飾時 This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

　　這是我看過的最有趣的一部電影。 (4)先行詞為人、物并用時 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

　　你知道他們正在談論的事和人嗎?

　　(5)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪一輛是你丟的自行車?

　　(6)先行詞在主句中作表語, 而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時 Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.

　　山東不再是以前的那個樣子了。 2. 只用which不用that的情況:

　　(1)關系代詞前有介詞時 Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?

　　這是莎士比亞出生的那間房子嗎?

　　(2)引導非限制性定語從句時 As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather.

　　杰克小時候是在一所鄉村學校上的學, 這所學校是以他祖父的名字命名的。 (3)先行詞為that/those時 What’s that which was put in the car?

　　被放入車內的是什么?

　　(4)which用作定語時 He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.

　　他也許會遲到, 那樣的話, 我們應該等他。

　　3. the same. . . as與the same. . . that:

　　the same. . . as表示相似或同類的東西 the same. . . that表示同一人或物 ①This is the same book as he lent me last week.

　　這與他上星期借給我的那本書屬于同一類。 ②This is the same book that he lent me last week.

　　這是他上星期借給我的那本書。 4. such/so. . . as與such/so. . . that:

　　such/so. . . as(定語從句)像……那樣 such/so. . . that(狀語從句)如此……以至于 ①This is such an easy question as I can answer.

　　這是一個容易的我能回答的問題。 ②This is such an easy question that I can answer it.

　　這個問題如此簡單連我都能回答。 【點津】 區分這兩類從句關鍵就是看從句中是否缺賓語等成分。 5. as與which:

　　(1)as引導的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有時還可插入主句中。which引導的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后 (2)as意為“正如……”, 后面的謂語動詞多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等; which意為“這一點”或“這件事”等。 ①Need for Speed is a very successful film, as is known to all.

　　《極品飛車》是一部很成功的電影, 這一點是大家都知道的。 ②The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us.

　　運動會被推遲, 這讓我們吃驚。 【典題印證】用適當的關系詞填空 (2024·安徽高考)The exact year　Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.

　　解題關鍵: 本題先行詞為year, 考生首先會想到when。但當先行詞為時間、地點名詞時, 用關系副詞還是關系代詞取決于該詞在定語從句中充當什么句子成分。本題定語從句中的謂語動詞spent為及物動詞, 故從句中缺少賓語, 關系詞代替先行詞作其賓語。 答案判定: 句意: Angela和她的家人一起在中國度過的那一年是2008年。所以用which。

　　【高考集訓】 用適當的關系詞填空 1. (2024·新課標全國卷Ⅰ)Maybe you have a habit __________is

　　driving your family crazy.

　　2. (2024·江西高考)Among the many dangers __________sailors have

　　to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.

　　3. (2024·四川高考)Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the

　　poor children, ______ is quite unexpected.

　　which/that which/that which 4. (2024·重慶高考)We’ll reach the sales targets in a month __________

　　we set at the beginning of the year.

　　5. (2024·山東高考)There is no simple answer, __ is often the case in

　　science.

　　6. (2024·江蘇高考)The president of the World Bank says he has a

　　passion for China, ______ he remembers starting as early as his

　　childhood.

　　which/that as which 7. (2024·安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for

　　Literature in 2024, ______ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held

　　dreams come true.

　　8. (2024·上海高考)An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving

　　things in an area __________ interact with one another.

　　which that/which 考點2

　　關系代詞who, whom, whose　★★★★★ 1. who和whom的用法。 (1)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, those指代人時。 *The persons I want to talk about with you are Faye Wong and Li Yapeng, the ones who signed a divorce agreement on Friday in Urumqi.

　　我想和你談論的人是王菲和李亞鵬, 他們于周五在烏魯木齊簽署離婚協議。 (2)在There be結構中, 修飾主語的定語從句宜用關系代詞who指代人。 *There’s a gentleman who wants to see you. 有位紳士想見你。 (3)一個句子中帶有兩個修飾人的定語從句, 其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that, 另一個宜用who以避免重復。 *The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.

　　昨天在會上受表揚的學生是班長, 他非常謙虛、好學。 (4)當關系代詞前面有介詞時, 只能用whom, whom在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時, 介詞可放在后面, 也可提前構成介詞+whom(先行詞指人)結構。 *The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.

　　這里居住著將近1 000人, 他們中的許多人都離開家鄉去城市追求更好的生活。 2. whose的用法。 whose指人或物, 作定語, 表示“……的”, 可轉換為“of +關系代詞”。關系代詞whose一般指人, 表示“該人的”, 也可指物, 表示“該物的”, 在以物為先行詞時, 可用of which代替在從句中作定語。 *The prize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination.

　　這個獎項會給作品最富有想象力的那位作家。 【點津】關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時, 從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。例如:

　　①Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.

　　湯姆是派往國外的工程師之一。 ②Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.

　　湯姆就是唯一提出解決方案的那位工程師。 【典題印證】用適當的關系詞填空 (2024·山東高考)A company　profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

　　解題關鍵: 主句中a company是主語, may seek是謂語, opportunities是賓語, 而所填詞要引導一個定語從句, 該從句中profits前缺少定語, 而且profits與先行詞構成所屬關系, 同時在從句中作profits的定語。 答案判定: 句意: 一家在國內市場利潤下降的公司可能會去國外謀求機會。所以用whose。

　　【高考集訓】 用適當的關系詞填空 1. (2024·福建高考)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the

　　eyes of those ______ lives were affected.

　　2. (2024·湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those ____ are

　　good at recognizing their own strengths.

　　whose who 3. (2024·江蘇高考)After the flooding, people were suffering in that

　　area, ____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to

　　survive.

　　4. (2024·天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______

　　help I would never have got this far.

　　who whose 考點3

　　關系副詞when, where, why　★★★★ 1. when的用法。 先行詞為“時間名詞”, 可用when引導定語從句, when在定語從句中作狀語, 也可用“介詞+which”結構代替。 *The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

　　體力是你生存所需的一切手段的日子一去不復返了。 2. where的用法。 (1)先行詞是“地點名詞”, 定語從句可用where引導, where在從句中作狀語, 也可用“介詞+which”結構代替。 *A bank is the place where(=in which)they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

　　銀行是一個晴天借給你雨傘而雨天又要回雨傘的地方。 (2)如果定語從句修飾point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞, 常用where引導, 意思是“到了某種地步, 在某種境況下”(前提是從句中缺少狀語)。 *You reach a point where medicine can’t help.

　　你到了藥物無法治療的地步。 3. why的用法。 先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時, 可以用why引導定語從句, why在定語從句中作原因狀語, 可用for which替代。可以把此時的句子牢記為一個固定句型, 即The reason why. . . is/was that. . . , 意為“……的原因是……”。 *The reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill.

　　他沒出席會議的原因是他生病了。 【點津】 (1)選擇關系代詞或關系副詞的原則: 在選擇關系詞時, 最重要的是分析定語從句中所缺的成分。若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語或表語, 那么必須用關系代詞; 若從句中不缺主語、賓語、定語或表語, 那么必須用關系副詞。 *This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year.

　　這就是我去年參觀的山村。(關系詞在從句中作賓語) *I will never forget the day when my father returned from America.

　　我永遠不會忘記我父親從美國返回的那一天。(關系詞在從句中作狀語) (2)當way表示方法、方式作先行詞時, 后面的定語從句缺方式狀語時可以用that或in which引導, 也可以省略關系詞。如果后面定語從句中缺少賓語, 要用that或which引導, 也可以省略關系詞。 *I don’t like the way that/in which/不填 he speaks to his mother. 我不喜歡他和他媽媽說話的方式。 【典題印證】用適當的關系詞填空 (2024·江蘇高考)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work　a good impression is a must.

　　解題關鍵: 本題采用還原法解題, 將先行詞work還原到定語從句中, 即a good impression is a must at work, 顯然關系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語。 答案判定: 句意: 這本書極大地幫助了我的日常交流, 尤其是在需要給人留下好印象的工作當中。所以用where。