2024年高考英語精品課堂基礎版之重點講解：專題01《great scientist》（新人教版必修5原卷版）

　　高二英語同步精品 必修　

　　Unit

　　一、重點詞匯

　　考點1．【教材原句】John Snow defeats “king cholera”.

　　約翰.諾斯戰勝了“霍亂王”。

　　defeat vt.戰勝，打敗；（使）受挫；n.失敗；擊敗

　　【例句研讀】I never consider the possibility of defeat.

　　我從未考慮有的可能性.【歸納】【歸納】’t wait to ______ the game.

　　(6)I didn’t ______ the meeting yesterday, or I would have ______ the discussion.

　　(7)Please ______ us ______our game.

　　考點3．【教材原句】But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但當他一想到幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，他就感到很振奮。

　　expose

　　vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光；使接觸；使體驗

　　【歸納拓展】

　　expose…to…使…暴露于…；使遭受；使冒…險

　　be exposed to…暴露于…；接觸…

　　【例句研讀】

　　(1)Don’t expose babies to strong sunlight.

　　不要讓嬰兒______________________。

　　(2)Wounds that are exposed to the air heal more quickly.

　　傷口 ________ 在空氣中愈合得更快。

　　(3)Potatoes turn green when exposed to light.

　　馬鈴薯 _________________ 會變綠。

　　【即時鞏固】

　　Children ______ to difficult situations are better at handling those challenges.

　　______ to the sunlight for too long will do harm to your skin.

　　The water companies were instructed to keep the people from ______ to the polluted water.

　　考點4．【教材原句】Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人們既不知道它的病源，一步了解它的治療方法。

　　cure n.治愈；痊愈； v.治愈（某人）；解決（問題）

　　【例句研讀】’t a cure for crime.

　　許多人認為監禁并不是 ________ 犯罪的良方。

　　(3)The doctor cured him of his illness.

　　醫生 ________ 他的病。

　　【歸納】…治愈…

　　cure sb of sth治好某人的…病

　　辨析cure與treat

　　易混詞 辨析 搭配 一言辨異

　　cure 強調“結果”，即“治愈” cure sb of sth The doctor treated her headache with a new medicine, but didn’t cure her.醫生用一種新藥為她治頭疼，但沒有把她治好。

　　treat 強調“過程”，即“治療” treat sb for sth

　　賓語結構為sb of sth的常見動詞有：

　　warn sb of sth警告某人某事 rob sb of sth搶劫某人的某物inform sb of sth通知某人某事 rid sb of sth使某人擺脫某事 cure sb of sth治愈某人的某種疾病 convince sb of sth說服某人某事 cheat sb of sth欺騙某人某事accuse sb of sth指控某人某事 remind sb of sth使某人想起某事；提醒某人某事 suspect sb of sth懷疑某人做過某事

　　【即時鞏固】

　　——Your son is naughty.

　　——Eh, and in addition, he has got into some bad habits. I think I should cure him ______ them.

　　They haven’t found a cure ______ cancer.

　　考點5．【教材原句】The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.第一種看法時霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖。

　　suggest v.暗示，表明；提議，建議

　　【例句研讀】

　　Her face suggests that she’s bored.

　　她的表情 ________ 她厭煩了。

　　I suggest going in my car.

　　我 ________ 坐我的車去。

　　I suggest (that) we (should) go out to eat.

　　我 ________ 我們出去吃飯吧。

　　【歸納】

　　’s/one）doing sth

　　【即時鞏固】

　　(1) Jane’s pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination. (S94)

　　A. be, should have

　　B. was, have

　　C. should be, had

　　D. was, has

　　(2) I insist that a doctor _____ immediately.(M88)

　　A. has been sent for

　　B. sends for

　　C. will be sent for

　　D. be sent for

　　考點6．【教材原句】The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.

　　第二種看法時人們在吃飯的時候把這種病毒帶入體內。

　　absorb v. 吸收；吸引，使專心，使全神貫注

　　【例句研讀】【歸納】’s heart into, focus/concentrate on, be lost in, be deep in, devote oneself to

　　【即時鞏固】

　　_______________(專注于)his writing, the writer forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.

　　考點7．【教材原句】John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.

　　約翰.斯諾認為第二種看法時正確的，但他需要證據。

　　suspect v.認為；懷疑； n.嫌疑犯

　　【歸納】…懷疑某人…

　　suspect sb of (doing) sth懷疑某人（做過）某事

　　suspect that…懷疑…

　　【例句研讀】

　　…歸咎于& n.過失；責備

　　【歸納】…on把…歸咎于

　　be to blame (for)（因…）應受譴責，（因…）應負責任（主動表被動）

　　bear/ take the blame for 對…負責

　　put/ place/ lay the blame for sth on sb將某事歸咎于某人

　　【例句研讀】’t blame anyone for her father’s death.

　　她沒把她父親的死 ________ 任何人。

　　The police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.

　　警方把事故 ________ 危險駕駛。

　　Which driver was to blame for the accident?

　　哪個司機是此次事故的 ________ ？

　　If that happens, the coach will take the blame for it.

　　如果發生那樣的事，教練將 ________ 。

　　They placed the blame on the doctor.

　　他們將責任 ________ 這個醫生。

　　【即時鞏固】

　　（2006安徽高考）Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ______.

　　blamed

　　B.blaming

　　C.to blame

　　D.to be blamed

　　考點9．【教材原句】The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.

　　自來水公司接到指令，不能再讓人們接觸被污染的水了。

　　instruct vt.命令；指示；教導

　　【歸納】【例句研讀】【歸納】…in force使…生效

　　put…into practice實施，實行

　　put off推遲

　　put on穿上；上演；假裝

　　put out撲滅；生產

　　put up舉起；搭建；張貼；留…住宿

　　put up with容忍

　　put aside把…撇開不理，不考慮

　　【即時鞏固】

　　——Why is he feeling down today?

　　——Because the suggestion he ____ has been turned down.

　　A.put away

　　B.put up

　　C.put down

　　D.put forward

　　(2)Our sports meeting has been ______ till next month because of the bad weather.

　　(3)They ______ a notice there, saying,揔eep off the grass.?(4)The fire was ______ finally with the help of the firefighter.

　　(5)How can you ______ such a rude person for so long a time?

　　(6)The students have ______ a series of questions.

　　ca考點2．Draw a conclusion得出結論

　　【歸納】…結束（某事）

　　conclude…from…從…中推斷出…

　　to conclude=in conclusion總之

　　【例句研讀】

　　(1)From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.

　　從證據看，我敢 ________ 你錯了。

　　(2)The evening concluded with dinner and speeches.

　　這個夜晚在宴會和講話中 ________ 。

　　(3)What can we conclude from this debate?

　　從這場辯論中我們能得出什么 ________ ？

　　(4)To conclude, it was a great success.

　　________ ，這是個很大的成功。

　　【即時鞏固】

　　We ________________（得出結論）the room must be empty.

　　_________ can we _______(得出什么結論)from the passage?

　　_____________(總之，最后)，these days a college degree does not automatically lead to a good job with a high salary.

　　The speaker _________________________ (用…結束了他的演講)a famous saying.

　　考點3．lead to 導致；引起；通往

　　【教材原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the center of the solar system.雖然他曾經試著不去理睬那些數字， 然而他所有的數學計算都得出一個結論：地球不是太陽系的中心。

　　【例句研讀】【歸納】’t talk much, but what he says makes sense.他話不多，但言之 ________ 。

　　(2)This sentence doesn’t make any sense.=This sentence makes no sense.這個句子完全 ________ 。

　　(3)Can you make any sense of this article?你能 ________ 這篇文章嗎？

　　(4)There is no sense in worrying about the past.為過去的事情擔憂 __________ 。

　　(5)In no sense will he give up.他 ________ 放棄。

　　【歸納】’t say any more; we all believe the facts rather than your words. What you have explained doesn’t make _______.

　　meaning

　　B.use

　　C.fun

　　D.sense

　　三、經典句型

　　考點1．“Only+狀語”位于句首，句子或主句要用部分倒裝語序

　　【教材原句】Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

　　只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能講得通。

　　【句法分析】“Only+狀語”位于句首，句子或主句要用倒裝語序。

　　【例句研讀】

　　(1)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.

　　直到1918年戰爭結束后，他才能愉快地重新投身于工作。

　　【歸納】

　　only修飾的狀語，如不位于句首，則不用倒裝。

　　The aim will be achieved only after a bitter struggle. 只有經過艱苦的奮斗，目標才能達到。

　　only修飾狀語從句時，從句不可倒裝。

　　Only when did he return did we find out the truth. (×)

　　Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(√ )

　　only修飾主語時，句子不可倒裝。

　　Only can he answer the question. (×)

　　Only he can answer the question. (√ )…就好了”，常引導虛擬語氣的條件句、感嘆句 If only I had another chance.要是我再有一次機會就好了。

　　【即時鞏固】

　　（2024江西高考）Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ______to him again.

　　I will speak

　　B.will I speak

　　C.do I speak

　　D.I speak

　　(2) Only in this way _________ progress in your English. (N84)

　　A. you make

　　B. can you make

　　C. you be able to make

　　D. will you able to make

　　(3)It was announced that only when the fire was under control _______ to return to their homes.

　　A. the residents would be permitted

　　B. had the residents been permitted

　　C. would the residents be permitted

　　D. the residents had been permitted(江西08)

　　(4)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _______properly in this hospital.（2024全國）

　　A. can be the patients treated??

　　?B. can the patients be treated

　　C. the patients can be treated??

　　D. treated can be the patients

　　考點2．“介詞+關系代詞which/whom”引導定語從句

　　【教材原句】Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.

　　然而，哥白尼的理論在現在卻是我們的宇宙觀賴以建立的基礎。

　　【句法分析】on which…built為定語從句，修飾先行詞the basis.

　　【考點聚焦】“介詞+關系代詞which/whom”引導定語從句，主要考查“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句時介詞的選擇。

　　【歸納】單個的過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾詞之前。

　　I bought some painted chairs. 我買了幾把刷好漆的椅子。

　　過去分詞短語作定語，通常放在被修飾詞之后，它的作用相當于一個定語從句。

　　Most of the people invited to the party didn’t come.

　　=Most of the people who were invited to the party didn’t come.

　　被邀請參加聚會的人多數沒有來。

　　學法點撥：有些單個的過去分詞，在習慣上往往放在被修飾詞的后面。

　　There is little time left. Let’s hurry up. 剩余的時間不多了，我們抓緊吧。

　　過去分詞修飾代詞時，應置于被修飾詞之后。

　　He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀請的人之一。

　　有些過去分詞作定語，前置和后置的意義不同。試比較：

　　This is a used car.這是一輛二手車。

　　The method used is very efficient.所用的這個方法很有效。

　　（2）過去分詞作定語的意義

　　不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表示動作已完成，不表示被動意義；及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，表示被動意義或已完成的被動動作。

　　只表示完成，不表示被動

　　fallen leaves 落葉

　　the risen sun升起的太陽

　　表示被動

　　an honoured guest一位受尊敬的客人 deeply moved people深受感動的人們

　　表示被動和完成

　　the broken glass碎了的杯子

　　the question discussed yesterday昨天討論的問題

　　（3）現在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區別

　　語態上不同：現在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞多表示被動意義。

　　surprising news令人吃驚的消息

　　surprised listeners吃驚的聽眾

　　時間關系上不同：現在分詞表示正在進行的動作，而過去分詞表示已經完成的動作。

　　the changing world正在發生變化的世界

　　the changed world已經變化了的世界

　　2、過去分詞作表語

　　（1）過去分詞可放在連系動詞be, get , feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語，表示主語所處的狀態。

　　He seemed quite delighted at the news.聽到那個消息他似乎很高興。

　　The door remained locked.門仍然鎖著。

　　（2）過去分詞作表語與用于被動語態的區別

　　“be+過去分詞”表示狀態時，是系表結構，此時分詞通常已形容詞化；表示動作時，是被動語態，且絕大多數被動結構中的動作執行者由介詞by引出。