英語專業四級考試近義詞辨析（5）

　　在學習專業英語詞匯中，有時同義詞的辨析是很不容易的，我們一般從三方面進行區分，即：語法、語義和文體。語法主要是詞性、搭配、句式等的區分;語義主要是詞義的本義、引申義、比喻義和內涵和外延等的區分;文體主要是正式和非正式、褒義和貶義等的區分。

　　1.事情,事件

　　(事) thing: An event, a fact, a subject. He talked of many interesting things.

　　(事情) matter: Seth that you have to deal with, something to be discussed, thought over. There are several matters to be dealt with at the meeting.

　　(事務 責任) business: A special duty, something that has to be done. Public business is every ones business.

　　(事務) affair: An event or set of connected events. (pl) private and personal life. I have many affairs to look after.

　　(事件) event: An important happening. Events such as birthdays and anniversaries are often celebrated. Do you know the chief events of 1986.

　　incident: Not as important as an event. Incidents seldom are celebrated. Sometimes an event becomes an incident after many years have passed.

　　(偶然事件) happening: An occurrence, and sometimes an unusual one. There have been strange happenings here lately.

　　(偶發事件) occurrence: An incident that is usually unexpected and has not been planned ahead of time. Flood is practically an annual occurrence in this district.

　　2.承認

　　admit: To agree to the truth of, usu, something bad. It suggests reluctance or possible objection. He admitted his crime/stealing.

　　(自白 供認) confess: To admit guilt as to a crime or as to a shortcoming, in the sense of making known to others ones own error or wrong doing. He confessed his fault/doing something wrong.

　　acknowledge: to agree the truth of, recognize the fact or existence of what have said or done, good or bad. It emphasizes openly in a embarrassing or awkward and usually not voluntary way. I acknowledged my signature/mistakes/errors/having been defeated.

　　grant: To admit or to agree something is true. I granted his request/his honesty. take sth/sb for granted.

　　concede: To admit as true, just or proper often unwillingly because of overwhelming evidence. I conceded you that point, but I still think you are wrong.

　　recognize: To accept or acknowledge it. It refers to something about law and diplomacy. The new regime was recognized by China.

　　3.走路

　　walk: The most general one.

　　stride: To walk with long steps. He strode through the station a few minutes before the train left.

　　(高視闊步) stalk: To walk stiffly, slowly, and proudly with long steps.

　　trot: To jog, move quickly, usu refers to horses.

　　(蹣跚而行) waddle: To walk from side to side with short steps like a duck. The fat man waddled out of the room.

　　(蹣跚) stagger: To walk unsteadily, slide and drag the feet almost falling at each step, usually because of illness, injury or drink. After drinking too much, he staggered in the street.

　　(搖擺蹣跚) totter: To walk unsteadily showing great weakness often used of very young children learning to walk. The child tottered before his parents.

　　(拖著腳走) shuffle: To move without lifting the feet clear of the floor as if wearing slippers. The old man shuffled along the road.

　　(趾高氣揚地走) strut: To walk in a proud strong way, esp. with the chest out and trying to look important.

　　(慢行) amble: To walk at an easy gentle rate. It stresses a leisurely but regular movement.

　　(閑逛) stroll: To walk, esp. slowly, for pleasure. It emphasizes a slower movement, more wandering and aimless with suggestions of many starts and pauses. They are strolling through this park.

　　saunter: A little more formal than stroll.

　　(漫步 徘徊) wander: To move about without a fixed course, aim, or purpose. He was wandering about/down/through/up and down the street.

　　(漫游) roam: To wander with as very clear aim. It suggests a more serious purpose behind the irregular of circular movement in complete forgetfulness of time. The lovers roamed around/through the fields.

　　(跋涉) trudge: To walk heavily and wearily with effort as when one (plod) is tired. The hunter was trudging through the deep snow.

　　(重步行走) tramp: To walk with firm heavy steps. Who has been tramping all over the carpet in muddy shoes.

　　(扭扭捏捏地走) mince: To walk with little short steps in an affected manner. It was a funny sight to see her mince along.

　　slouch: To walk in a loose, ungainly (不雅觀) way.

　　hustle: To walk in a busy, active way.

　　4.跳

　　jump: The most general one. to throw oneself into the air.

　　(跳起) leap: (literary) To spring through the air, often landing in a different place. The boy leaped over the brook without difficulty.

　　(跳躍) spring: To leap suddenly and quickly. He sprang to his feet at the sudden noise.

　　(跳著跑) bound: To spring lightly along. It suggests high spirits and excitement. His dog bounded to meet me.

　　(輕快地跑) skip: To move in a slight dancing way, as with quick steps and jumps. The little girl skipped at her mothers side.

　　hop: To jump on one leg. The boy had hurt his leg and had to hop along.

　　vault: To leap over something using the hands or a pole. You can vault a fence by putting your hands on it and swinging yourself over.

　　hurdle: To jump over some thing while running. The horse hurdled the fence and ran into the woods.

　　25.特點 特征

　　quality: The most general one.

　　(特點) characteristic: Quality typical of a particular person and thing, a special and easily recognized quality of sb/sth. It has many scientific or technical uses. It implies neutral description in referring to any aspect of something without evaluating its relative importance to the whole. A useful characteristic of the cat is its ability to catch and kill mice.

　　(特征) character: The combination of qualities which make a particular person, thing, place, etc. A tendency not to show emotions is supposed to be part of the British national character.

　　(性質) nature: The qualities make someone or something different from others. It indicates the widest range of traits, including emotional, mental and physical qualities. It is only human nature to like money.

　　(特征) attribute: A quality belonging to or forming part of the mature of a person or thing. The word is positive rather than negative. Darkness is an attribute of night.

　　(特性) peculiarity: The quality of being peculiar, strangeness, unusualness. It shows an unpleasant attribute that is quite noticeable. One of his peculiarities is that his two eyes are not the same size.

　　(特色) feature: A typical and noticeable part or quality. It suggests something positive and specifically. It refers to physical appearance. A lake is an important feature in this area.

　　(品質 特性) trait: A particular quality of sb/sth. It refers to more abstract attributes. Honesty and diligence are the chief traits of his character.

　　(個性) personality: The whole nature or character of a particular person. It refers to the whole indefinable emotional coloration that a specific person gives off. He has a strong personality.

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　　在學習專業英語詞匯中，有時同義詞的辨析是很不容易的，我們一般從三方面進行區分，即：語法、語義和文體。語法主要是詞性、搭配、句式等的區分;語義主要是詞義的本義、引申義、比喻義和內涵和外延等的區分;文體主要是正式和非正式、褒義和貶義等的區分。

　　1.事情,事件

　　(事) thing: An event, a fact, a subject. He talked of many interesting things.

　　(事情) matter: Seth that you have to deal with, something to be discussed, thought over. There are several matters to be dealt with at the meeting.

　　(事務 責任) business: A special duty, something that has to be done. Public business is every ones business.

　　(事務) affair: An event or set of connected events. (pl) private and personal life. I have many affairs to look after.

　　(事件) event: An important happening. Events such as birthdays and anniversaries are often celebrated. Do you know the chief events of 1986.

　　incident: Not as important as an event. Incidents seldom are celebrated. Sometimes an event becomes an incident after many years have passed.

　　(偶然事件) happening: An occurrence, and sometimes an unusual one. There have been strange happenings here lately.

　　(偶發事件) occurrence: An incident that is usually unexpected and has not been planned ahead of time. Flood is practically an annual occurrence in this district.

　　2.承認

　　admit: To agree to the truth of, usu, something bad. It suggests reluctance or possible objection. He admitted his crime/stealing.

　　(自白 供認) confess: To admit guilt as to a crime or as to a shortcoming, in the sense of making known to others ones own error or wrong doing. He confessed his fault/doing something wrong.

　　acknowledge: to agree the truth of, recognize the fact or existence of what have said or done, good or bad. It emphasizes openly in a embarrassing or awkward and usually not voluntary way. I acknowledged my signature/mistakes/errors/having been defeated.

　　grant: To admit or to agree something is true. I granted his request/his honesty. take sth/sb for granted.

　　concede: To admit as true, just or proper often unwillingly because of overwhelming evidence. I conceded you that point, but I still think you are wrong.

　　recognize: To accept or acknowledge it. It refers to something about law and diplomacy. The new regime was recognized by China.

　　3.走路

　　walk: The most general one.

　　stride: To walk with long steps. He strode through the station a few minutes before the train left.

　　(高視闊步) stalk: To walk stiffly, slowly, and proudly with long steps.

　　trot: To jog, move quickly, usu refers to horses.

　　(蹣跚而行) waddle: To walk from side to side with short steps like a duck. The fat man waddled out of the room.

　　(蹣跚) stagger: To walk unsteadily, slide and drag the feet almost falling at each step, usually because of illness, injury or drink. After drinking too much, he staggered in the street.

　　(搖擺蹣跚) totter: To walk unsteadily showing great weakness often used of very young children learning to walk. The child tottered before his parents.

　　(拖著腳走) shuffle: To move without lifting the feet clear of the floor as if wearing slippers. The old man shuffled along the road.

　　(趾高氣揚地走) strut: To walk in a proud strong way, esp. with the chest out and trying to look important.

　　(慢行) amble: To walk at an easy gentle rate. It stresses a leisurely but regular movement.

　　(閑逛) stroll: To walk, esp. slowly, for pleasure. It emphasizes a slower movement, more wandering and aimless with suggestions of many starts and pauses. They are strolling through this park.

　　saunter: A little more formal than stroll.

　　(漫步 徘徊) wander: To move about without a fixed course, aim, or purpose. He was wandering about/down/through/up and down the street.

　　(漫游) roam: To wander with as very clear aim. It suggests a more serious purpose behind the irregular of circular movement in complete forgetfulness of time. The lovers roamed around/through the fields.

　　(跋涉) trudge: To walk heavily and wearily with effort as when one (plod) is tired. The hunter was trudging through the deep snow.

　　(重步行走) tramp: To walk with firm heavy steps. Who has been tramping all over the carpet in muddy shoes.

　　(扭扭捏捏地走) mince: To walk with little short steps in an affected manner. It was a funny sight to see her mince along.

　　slouch: To walk in a loose, ungainly (不雅觀) way.

　　hustle: To walk in a busy, active way.

　　4.跳

　　jump: The most general one. to throw oneself into the air.

　　(跳起) leap: (literary) To spring through the air, often landing in a different place. The boy leaped over the brook without difficulty.

　　(跳躍) spring: To leap suddenly and quickly. He sprang to his feet at the sudden noise.

　　(跳著跑) bound: To spring lightly along. It suggests high spirits and excitement. His dog bounded to meet me.

　　(輕快地跑) skip: To move in a slight dancing way, as with quick steps and jumps. The little girl skipped at her mothers side.

　　hop: To jump on one leg. The boy had hurt his leg and had to hop along.

　　vault: To leap over something using the hands or a pole. You can vault a fence by putting your hands on it and swinging yourself over.

　　hurdle: To jump over some thing while running. The horse hurdled the fence and ran into the woods.

　　25.特點 特征

　　quality: The most general one.

　　(特點) characteristic: Quality typical of a particular person and thing, a special and easily recognized quality of sb/sth. It has many scientific or technical uses. It implies neutral description in referring to any aspect of something without evaluating its relative importance to the whole. A useful characteristic of the cat is its ability to catch and kill mice.

　　(特征) character: The combination of qualities which make a particular person, thing, place, etc. A tendency not to show emotions is supposed to be part of the British national character.

　　(性質) nature: The qualities make someone or something different from others. It indicates the widest range of traits, including emotional, mental and physical qualities. It is only human nature to like money.

　　(特征) attribute: A quality belonging to or forming part of the mature of a person or thing. The word is positive rather than negative. Darkness is an attribute of night.

　　(特性) peculiarity: The quality of being peculiar, strangeness, unusualness. It shows an unpleasant attribute that is quite noticeable. One of his peculiarities is that his two eyes are not the same size.

　　(特色) feature: A typical and noticeable part or quality. It suggests something positive and specifically. It refers to physical appearance. A lake is an important feature in this area.

　　(品質 特性) trait: A particular quality of sb/sth. It refers to more abstract attributes. Honesty and diligence are the chief traits of his character.

　　(個性) personality: The whole nature or character of a particular person. It refers to the whole indefinable emotional coloration that a specific person gives off. He has a strong personality.

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