四級翻譯四大難點解密
一、四級核心詞組:
例如have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something(做某事有困難)已經(jīng)考過三次,需要注意的是,in可以省略,后面要使用動詞的動名詞形式。
1)Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (找到去歷史博物館的路).
解析:答案為(in) finding the way to the Museum of History,歷史博物館最好譯為the Museum of History,專有名詞注意大小寫。
2)Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had (很難跟上班里的同學(xué))in math and English.
解析:答案為difficulty in catching up with his classmates,此題也考察了catch up with(跟上)這一四級核心詞組。
3)Because of noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty (集中注意力在實驗上).
解析:答案為(in) focusing/concentrating on her experiment,此題亦考察focus/concentrate on(集中注意力)這一四級核心詞組。
二、倒裝句:考過三次,需要注意的前半句與后半句時態(tài)應(yīng)前后呼應(yīng)。
1)大綱樣題88題:Not only (他向我收費過高), but he didnt do a good repair job either.
解析:答案為did he charge me too much/overcharge me,本句后半句使用了一般過去時,前半句也應(yīng)使用一般過去時,not only放在句首引導(dǎo)倒裝句。收費過多可譯為overcharge me或charge me too much.。
2)(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.
解析:答案為Not until he had accomplished his mission,此題后半句使用一般過去時,前半句動作發(fā)生在后半句之前,應(yīng)使用過去完成時。Not until放在句首引導(dǎo)倒裝句,完成使命應(yīng)譯為accomplish the mission。
3)The manager never laughed; neither (她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣).
解析:答案為did she lose her temper,前半句使用一般過去時,后半句也應(yīng)使用一般過去時。發(fā)脾氣應(yīng)譯為lose ones temper,neither放在句首引導(dǎo)倒裝句。
三、被動語態(tài):考過六次
1)Though a skilled worker,(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.
解析:答案為he was fired by the company,需要注意的是,本句應(yīng)使用一般過去時。
2)Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life (是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量), not how much they can earn.
解析:答案為is measured by how much they can borrow,用來衡量應(yīng)譯為is measuered by;by后面接how much引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
3)Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research (能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開發(fā))
解析:答案為can be applied to the development of new technology,應(yīng)用于應(yīng)譯為be applied to。
4)The anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了他).
解析:答案為until it was accidently found by a doctor,本句使用被動語態(tài)更加地道,偶然可譯為accidentally或by accident。
5)The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (與缺乏鍛煉密切相關(guān)).
解析:答案為closely related to the lack of exercise,與密切相關(guān)應(yīng)譯為be closely related to;缺乏鍛煉譯為the lack of exercise。
6)We look forward to (被邀請出席開幕式).
解析:答案為being invited to attend the opening ceremony。本句前半句出現(xiàn)了look forward to,此處的to為介詞,后面應(yīng)使用動名詞形式;被邀請應(yīng)譯為be invited to;出席應(yīng)譯為attend;開幕式譯為opening ceremony。
四、虛擬語氣:考過五次。
最??嫉目键c有兩個:一是require或suggest等動詞+that引導(dǎo)的建議句型,后面應(yīng)使用should+動詞原形,should可以省略;二是從句使用if引導(dǎo)的過去完成時,主句使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時。
1)The professor required that(我們交研究報告)by Wednesday.
解析:答案為we hand in our research report (s)。前半句使用requeire+that引導(dǎo)的建議句型,屬于虛擬語氣的一種。后半句應(yīng)使用should+動詞原形,should可以省略。研究報告使用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。
2)The victim (本來有機(jī)會活下來)if he had been taken to hospital in time.
解析:答案為would have had a chance to survive/of survival。后半句是條件狀語從句,使用了過去完成時,前半句主句應(yīng)使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時?;钕聛砜勺g為to survive 或of survival作后置定語。
3)If he had returned an hour earlier, Mary (就不會被大雨淋了).
解析:答案為wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain。前半句是條件狀語從句,使用了過去完成時,后半句主句應(yīng)使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時。大雨應(yīng)譯為heavy rain。
4)You would not have failed if you (按照我的指令去做).
解析:答案為had followed my instructions。前半句主句出現(xiàn)了would+現(xiàn)在完成時,后半句條件狀語從句應(yīng)使用過去完成時。按照應(yīng)譯為follow;指令譯為 instruction。
5)It is suggested that the air conditioner (要安裝在窗戶旁邊).
解析:答案為(should) be fixed/installed beside the window。前半句使用了it is suggested that引導(dǎo)的建議句型,屬于特殊虛擬語氣的一種,后半句應(yīng)使用should+動詞原形。安裝應(yīng)譯為fix或install;在窗戶旁邊譯為 beside the window。
一、四級核心詞組:
例如have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something(做某事有困難)已經(jīng)考過三次,需要注意的是,in可以省略,后面要使用動詞的動名詞形式。
1)Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (找到去歷史博物館的路).
解析:答案為(in) finding the way to the Museum of History,歷史博物館最好譯為the Museum of History,專有名詞注意大小寫。
2)Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had (很難跟上班里的同學(xué))in math and English.
解析:答案為difficulty in catching up with his classmates,此題也考察了catch up with(跟上)這一四級核心詞組。
3)Because of noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty (集中注意力在實驗上).
解析:答案為(in) focusing/concentrating on her experiment,此題亦考察focus/concentrate on(集中注意力)這一四級核心詞組。
二、倒裝句:考過三次,需要注意的前半句與后半句時態(tài)應(yīng)前后呼應(yīng)。
1)大綱樣題88題:Not only (他向我收費過高), but he didnt do a good repair job either.
解析:答案為did he charge me too much/overcharge me,本句后半句使用了一般過去時,前半句也應(yīng)使用一般過去時,not only放在句首引導(dǎo)倒裝句。收費過多可譯為overcharge me或charge me too much.。
2)(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.
解析:答案為Not until he had accomplished his mission,此題后半句使用一般過去時,前半句動作發(fā)生在后半句之前,應(yīng)使用過去完成時。Not until放在句首引導(dǎo)倒裝句,完成使命應(yīng)譯為accomplish the mission。
3)The manager never laughed; neither (她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣).
解析:答案為did she lose her temper,前半句使用一般過去時,后半句也應(yīng)使用一般過去時。發(fā)脾氣應(yīng)譯為lose ones temper,neither放在句首引導(dǎo)倒裝句。
三、被動語態(tài):考過六次
1)Though a skilled worker,(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.
解析:答案為he was fired by the company,需要注意的是,本句應(yīng)使用一般過去時。
2)Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life (是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量), not how much they can earn.
解析:答案為is measured by how much they can borrow,用來衡量應(yīng)譯為is measuered by;by后面接how much引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
3)Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research (能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開發(fā))
解析:答案為can be applied to the development of new technology,應(yīng)用于應(yīng)譯為be applied to。
4)The anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了他).
解析:答案為until it was accidently found by a doctor,本句使用被動語態(tài)更加地道,偶然可譯為accidentally或by accident。
5)The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (與缺乏鍛煉密切相關(guān)).
解析:答案為closely related to the lack of exercise,與密切相關(guān)應(yīng)譯為be closely related to;缺乏鍛煉譯為the lack of exercise。
6)We look forward to (被邀請出席開幕式).
解析:答案為being invited to attend the opening ceremony。本句前半句出現(xiàn)了look forward to,此處的to為介詞,后面應(yīng)使用動名詞形式;被邀請應(yīng)譯為be invited to;出席應(yīng)譯為attend;開幕式譯為opening ceremony。
四、虛擬語氣:考過五次。
最??嫉目键c有兩個:一是require或suggest等動詞+that引導(dǎo)的建議句型,后面應(yīng)使用should+動詞原形,should可以省略;二是從句使用if引導(dǎo)的過去完成時,主句使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時。
1)The professor required that(我們交研究報告)by Wednesday.
解析:答案為we hand in our research report (s)。前半句使用requeire+that引導(dǎo)的建議句型,屬于虛擬語氣的一種。后半句應(yīng)使用should+動詞原形,should可以省略。研究報告使用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。
2)The victim (本來有機(jī)會活下來)if he had been taken to hospital in time.
解析:答案為would have had a chance to survive/of survival。后半句是條件狀語從句,使用了過去完成時,前半句主句應(yīng)使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時。活下來可譯為to survive 或of survival作后置定語。
3)If he had returned an hour earlier, Mary (就不會被大雨淋了).
解析:答案為wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain。前半句是條件狀語從句,使用了過去完成時,后半句主句應(yīng)使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時。大雨應(yīng)譯為heavy rain。
4)You would not have failed if you (按照我的指令去做).
解析:答案為had followed my instructions。前半句主句出現(xiàn)了would+現(xiàn)在完成時,后半句條件狀語從句應(yīng)使用過去完成時。按照應(yīng)譯為follow;指令譯為 instruction。
5)It is suggested that the air conditioner (要安裝在窗戶旁邊).
解析:答案為(should) be fixed/installed beside the window。前半句使用了it is suggested that引導(dǎo)的建議句型,屬于特殊虛擬語氣的一種,后半句應(yīng)使用should+動詞原形。安裝應(yīng)譯為fix或install;在窗戶旁邊譯為 beside the window。