2023考研英語閱讀倫敦方言來襲
Argot bargy
方言來襲
IN HER novel White Teeth, published in 2000, Zadie Smith noted that in London, all kids,whatever their nationality, seem to express scorn with a Jamaican accent. Since thenlinguistic researchers have gradually come to understand how and why so many teenagerssound like Dizzee Rascal, a rapper from Bow in east London . They call thisspreading, mutating argot Multicultural London English .
扎迪史密斯在2000年發表過一部小說，名字叫《白牙》，在書中，她提到在倫敦，所有的孩子，不管他們來自哪里，似乎用牙買加口音表達自己的鄙視。從那時起，語言學研究者逐漸明白了如何以及為何那么多青少年口音聽起來像來自東倫敦區說唱歌手迪茲瑞克斯了。研究者稱這種正在蔓延以及變異的語言為多文化倫敦英語。
When MLE first emerged, linguists believed it was a ham version of the way West Indiansspeak English. In the early 1980s West Indians who had spoken Cockney suddenly started tospeak differently, explains Paul Kerswill of York University. Young Afro-Caribbean men mayhave adopted a new style of speech as they sought to forge an identity in an often hostilesociety. Others were thought to have copied them.
MLE首次出現的時候，語言學家認為這是西印度群島人群講英語的一種蹩腳方式。約克大學的保羅克蘇威爾解釋道，在上世紀80年代初，講倫敦口音的西印度群島人群突然開始講不一樣的口音了。年輕的加勒比黑人可能已經接受了一種新的口音，因為他們試圖在一個充滿歧視的社會里獲得一種認可。其他人則被認為是在模仿他們。
But far from being cod-Jamaican, MLE is now thought to be a hybrid dialect that emergedfrom the intermingling of West Indians, South Asians and speakers of Cockney and EstuaryEnglish. Though much of the slang is West Indianfrom bare for very to sick meaninggoodthe pronunciation is often not. Its chief characteristic, an elongated ah sound inplace of an i so that like is pronounced lahke, does not imitate a West Indian patois.
但這絕不是牙買加人專屬，MLE現在被認為是由西印度群島口音，南亞裔口音和倫敦以及河灣區口音混合的方言。盡管大部分是西印度群島俚語，比如說bare等同于very，還有sick等同于good，發音往往也不一樣。MLE的主要特點是i的發音像ah，因此，like聽起來像lahke，這一特征就不是效仿西印度群島口音。
Researchers have found that MLE alters from place to place. Variants have emerged in othercities with many immigrants, such as Birmingham and Manchester. Children tend to pick upMLE at secondary school. It is more commonand more strongly accentedamong boys thanamong girls. The grammar that tends to accompany MLE is increasingly uniform: forexample the use of we wasn t in place of we weren t .
研究者發現英國到處都有MLE的蹤跡。其他城市的許多移民也出現了變種，比如伯明翰和曼城。孩子們一般是在初中開始接觸MLE。這種口音在男孩之間更加普遍，口音也更明顯。同時MLE的語法也正在變的規范起來，例如 we weren t 代替了 we wasn t 。
Linguists are most excited by what MLE is doing to the rhythm of speech. English is usuallyspoken with a stress-timed rhythm, in which syllables are stressed at regular intervals.Speakers of MLE speak with a syllable-timed rhythm, in which all syllables are accordedroughly the same time and stress, as in French or Japanese. Syllable-timed speech is acharacteristic of languages that have come into contact with other languages. Versions of itmay have existed in multicultural places such as Hackney for centuries, thinks Mr Kerswill.
語言學家對MLE對語調帶來的變化更感興趣。英語一般是由重音引導的，就是音節按照時間規律重讀。MLE的使用者則按照音節停頓，所有音節的語調基本一致，跟法語和日語大致相同。和其他語言相比，按音節停頓是其特點。這種語音特色可能已經在諸如哈克尼這種多元文化區存在數個世紀了。
Helped along by the exodus of old-fashioned Cockney speakers to Londons suburbs andcommuter towns, MLE is replacing Londons traditional vernacular. That worries some.Caroline Goyder, a former teacher who now coaches politicians and lawyers in the art ofpublic speaking, says she sees increasing numbers of school leavers who fear they areincomprehensible in job interviews. For one young Cambridge graduate working in Paris, thatrings true. His MLE accent is proving as much of a problem as his imperfect French. I knowits incongruous, he says, but its hard to lose, yget me?
隨著操倫敦口音的居民搬到郊區以及周邊通勤城鎮，MLE正在取代當地的傳統語言。這讓一些人感到擔憂。曾任教師的卡洛琳葛依德現在是一名政客律師演講指導教練，她表示她看到很多畢業生害怕在工作面試中不能被理解。對一個在巴黎工作的劍橋畢業生來說，這是真的。他的MLE口音跟他磕磕絆絆的法語一樣。他說，我知道這不對，但是很難改，你懂嗎?
Argot bargy
方言來襲
IN HER novel White Teeth, published in 2000, Zadie Smith noted that in London, all kids,whatever their nationality, seem to express scorn with a Jamaican accent. Since thenlinguistic researchers have gradually come to understand how and why so many teenagerssound like Dizzee Rascal, a rapper from Bow in east London . They call thisspreading, mutating argot Multicultural London English .
扎迪史密斯在2000年發表過一部小說，名字叫《白牙》，在書中，她提到在倫敦，所有的孩子，不管他們來自哪里，似乎用牙買加口音表達自己的鄙視。從那時起，語言學研究者逐漸明白了如何以及為何那么多青少年口音聽起來像來自東倫敦區說唱歌手迪茲瑞克斯了。研究者稱這種正在蔓延以及變異的語言為多文化倫敦英語。
When MLE first emerged, linguists believed it was a ham version of the way West Indiansspeak English. In the early 1980s West Indians who had spoken Cockney suddenly started tospeak differently, explains Paul Kerswill of York University. Young Afro-Caribbean men mayhave adopted a new style of speech as they sought to forge an identity in an often hostilesociety. Others were thought to have copied them.
MLE首次出現的時候，語言學家認為這是西印度群島人群講英語的一種蹩腳方式。約克大學的保羅克蘇威爾解釋道，在上世紀80年代初，講倫敦口音的西印度群島人群突然開始講不一樣的口音了。年輕的加勒比黑人可能已經接受了一種新的口音，因為他們試圖在一個充滿歧視的社會里獲得一種認可。其他人則被認為是在模仿他們。
But far from being cod-Jamaican, MLE is now thought to be a hybrid dialect that emergedfrom the intermingling of West Indians, South Asians and speakers of Cockney and EstuaryEnglish. Though much of the slang is West Indianfrom bare for very to sick meaninggoodthe pronunciation is often not. Its chief characteristic, an elongated ah sound inplace of an i so that like is pronounced lahke, does not imitate a West Indian patois.
但這絕不是牙買加人專屬，MLE現在被認為是由西印度群島口音，南亞裔口音和倫敦以及河灣區口音混合的方言。盡管大部分是西印度群島俚語，比如說bare等同于very，還有sick等同于good，發音往往也不一樣。MLE的主要特點是i的發音像ah，因此，like聽起來像lahke，這一特征就不是效仿西印度群島口音。
Researchers have found that MLE alters from place to place. Variants have emerged in othercities with many immigrants, such as Birmingham and Manchester. Children tend to pick upMLE at secondary school. It is more commonand more strongly accentedamong boys thanamong girls. The grammar that tends to accompany MLE is increasingly uniform: forexample the use of we wasn t in place of we weren t .
研究者發現英國到處都有MLE的蹤跡。其他城市的許多移民也出現了變種，比如伯明翰和曼城。孩子們一般是在初中開始接觸MLE。這種口音在男孩之間更加普遍，口音也更明顯。同時MLE的語法也正在變的規范起來，例如 we weren t 代替了 we wasn t 。
Linguists are most excited by what MLE is doing to the rhythm of speech. English is usuallyspoken with a stress-timed rhythm, in which syllables are stressed at regular intervals.Speakers of MLE speak with a syllable-timed rhythm, in which all syllables are accordedroughly the same time and stress, as in French or Japanese. Syllable-timed speech is acharacteristic of languages that have come into contact with other languages. Versions of itmay have existed in multicultural places such as Hackney for centuries, thinks Mr Kerswill.
語言學家對MLE對語調帶來的變化更感興趣。英語一般是由重音引導的，就是音節按照時間規律重讀。MLE的使用者則按照音節停頓，所有音節的語調基本一致，跟法語和日語大致相同。和其他語言相比，按音節停頓是其特點。這種語音特色可能已經在諸如哈克尼這種多元文化區存在數個世紀了。
Helped along by the exodus of old-fashioned Cockney speakers to Londons suburbs andcommuter towns, MLE is replacing Londons traditional vernacular. That worries some.Caroline Goyder, a former teacher who now coaches politicians and lawyers in the art ofpublic speaking, says she sees increasing numbers of school leavers who fear they areincomprehensible in job interviews. For one young Cambridge graduate working in Paris, thatrings true. His MLE accent is proving as much of a problem as his imperfect French. I knowits incongruous, he says, but its hard to lose, yget me?
隨著操倫敦口音的居民搬到郊區以及周邊通勤城鎮，MLE正在取代當地的傳統語言。這讓一些人感到擔憂。曾任教師的卡洛琳葛依德現在是一名政客律師演講指導教練，她表示她看到很多畢業生害怕在工作面試中不能被理解。對一個在巴黎工作的劍橋畢業生來說，這是真的。他的MLE口音跟他磕磕絆絆的法語一樣。他說，我知道這不對，但是很難改，你懂嗎?
