職稱英語基礎知識解析定語從句
各種從句的構成和意義---定語從句與英語中的其他定語結構
相關背景知識介紹:
在英語中能充當定語的角色很多,如:不定式結構,介詞結構,動名詞,分詞,名詞,形容詞/復合形容詞和定語從句。但這些結構在作定語時位置卻未必都在所修飾詞的前面,如:
On the next其次的floor, there are three rooms named after the colors that are used in them: the Red Room, the Blue Room, and the Green Room. The walls are covered with silk cloth. There are many pieces of old furniture, from the time when the White House was first built.
l 定語從句
在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。
引導定語從句的詞有兩類:
1、 關系代詞:which, that, who, whom, whose
2、 關系副詞:when, where, why
Ⅰ關系代詞引出定語從句
which, that代替事或物,在從句中做主語或賓語。Who, that代替人,在從句中who做主語,whom作賓語。Whose代替人或物,在從句中做定語。如:
1. The road which leads to the small town has been widened.
通往小鎮的那條路已經加寬了。
通往)
2. I want the book that you borrowed from the library.
我想要你從圖書館借的那本書。
3. Students who study hard are usually successful.
學習努力的學生往往獲得成就。
4. The man whomyou are talking to is the dean大學的)院長,系主任of our department.
與你交談的那個人是我們的系主任。
5. There have been only a few scientists whose work has changed mans total view of the world.
只有少數幾位科學家的工作成果改變了人類整個對宇宙的看法。
提示:whose 引導定語從句,且whose所在的結構在從句中充當主語時, 可以按照句子的結構順序進行翻譯:
e.g. a river whose banks are covered with trees 河的兩岸由樹覆蓋者/ 河的兩岸種植有樹木。
比較:
6. The building whose roof we can see from here is the United Nations Headquarters.
從我們這里能看見屋頂的那座樓是聯合國總部。
小節:
1. 關系代詞which, who, whom, that如果在從句中作賓語,可以省略;
2. 關系代詞在定語從句中做主語時,從句中謂語動詞的人稱和數必須與先行詞一致,如上面的第、句。第句 leads to the small town has been widened.) 中先行詞road是第三人稱單數,所以從句謂語動詞用leads; 第句 study hard are usually successful.) 中先行詞students是第三人稱復數,所以從句中謂語動詞用study.
3. 在用whom引出的定語從句中,如前面不帶介詞,可用who代替whom, 如上面第句。
4. 關系代詞that和which在指物時,一般沒什么區別,但在下列情況下一般用that;
A.先行詞為all, everything, nothing, anything, little等不定代詞時。如:
e.g. All she lacked was training. 她唯一缺乏的就是鍛煉。
e.g. Everythingwe saw at the exhibition was of great interest.
我們展覽會上看到的一切都很吸引人。
B、先行詞為序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾時。如:
e.g. The first thingsyou have to do is to register.
你必須要做的第一件事是注冊登記。
e.g. This is the most exciting football game I have ever seen.
這是我看到最激動人心的足球比賽。
Ⅱ關系副詞引出的定語從句
關系副詞when指時間、where指地點,why指原因,她們引出的定語從句分別用來修飾表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞如day, time, place, building, reason等。這些關系副詞在從句中均做狀語。例如:
e.g. In the days when black and white TV sets were so widely used, no one realized how soon color TV sets would replace them. 在黑白電視機如此廣泛使用的日子里,沒有人意識到彩電會那么快取代它。
e.g. How fast are we running now我們現在跑的速度怎么樣?
e.g. How often do you go there 你多久去那里一次?
e.g. Ask him how he does it.問問他是怎樣做的
各種從句的構成和意義---定語從句與英語中的其他定語結構
相關背景知識介紹:
在英語中能充當定語的角色很多,如:不定式結構,介詞結構,動名詞,分詞,名詞,形容詞/復合形容詞和定語從句。但這些結構在作定語時位置卻未必都在所修飾詞的前面,如:
On the next其次的floor, there are three rooms named after the colors that are used in them: the Red Room, the Blue Room, and the Green Room. The walls are covered with silk cloth. There are many pieces of old furniture, from the time when the White House was first built.
l 定語從句
在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。
引導定語從句的詞有兩類:
1、 關系代詞:which, that, who, whom, whose
2、 關系副詞:when, where, why
Ⅰ關系代詞引出定語從句
which, that代替事或物,在從句中做主語或賓語。Who, that代替人,在從句中who做主語,whom作賓語。Whose代替人或物,在從句中做定語。如:
1. The road which leads to the small town has been widened.
通往小鎮的那條路已經加寬了。
通往)
2. I want the book that you borrowed from the library.
我想要你從圖書館借的那本書。
3. Students who study hard are usually successful.
學習努力的學生往往獲得成就。
4. The man whomyou are talking to is the dean大學的)院長,系主任of our department.
與你交談的那個人是我們的系主任。
5. There have been only a few scientists whose work has changed mans total view of the world.
只有少數幾位科學家的工作成果改變了人類整個對宇宙的看法。
提示:whose 引導定語從句,且whose所在的結構在從句中充當主語時, 可以按照句子的結構順序進行翻譯:
e.g. a river whose banks are covered with trees 河的兩岸由樹覆蓋者/ 河的兩岸種植有樹木。
比較:
6. The building whose roof we can see from here is the United Nations Headquarters.
從我們這里能看見屋頂的那座樓是聯合國總部。
小節:
1. 關系代詞which, who, whom, that如果在從句中作賓語,可以省略;
2. 關系代詞在定語從句中做主語時,從句中謂語動詞的人稱和數必須與先行詞一致,如上面的第、句。第句 leads to the small town has been widened.) 中先行詞road是第三人稱單數,所以從句謂語動詞用leads; 第句 study hard are usually successful.) 中先行詞students是第三人稱復數,所以從句中謂語動詞用study.
3. 在用whom引出的定語從句中,如前面不帶介詞,可用who代替whom, 如上面第句。
4. 關系代詞that和which在指物時,一般沒什么區別,但在下列情況下一般用that;
A.先行詞為all, everything, nothing, anything, little等不定代詞時。如:
e.g. All she lacked was training. 她唯一缺乏的就是鍛煉。
e.g. Everythingwe saw at the exhibition was of great interest.
我們展覽會上看到的一切都很吸引人。
B、先行詞為序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾時。如:
e.g. The first thingsyou have to do is to register.
你必須要做的第一件事是注冊登記。
e.g. This is the most exciting football game I have ever seen.
這是我看到最激動人心的足球比賽。
Ⅱ關系副詞引出的定語從句
關系副詞when指時間、where指地點,why指原因,她們引出的定語從句分別用來修飾表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞如day, time, place, building, reason等。這些關系副詞在從句中均做狀語。例如:
e.g. In the days when black and white TV sets were so widely used, no one realized how soon color TV sets would replace them. 在黑白電視機如此廣泛使用的日子里,沒有人意識到彩電會那么快取代它。
e.g. How fast are we running now我們現在跑的速度怎么樣?
e.g. How often do you go there 你多久去那里一次?
e.g. Ask him how he does it.問問他是怎樣做的