英語(yǔ)講義【110】帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
在《及物動(dòng)詞不需要介詞》一文中，談到及物動(dòng)詞不需要通過(guò)介詞引進(jìn)賓語(yǔ)。但是，當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，有些無(wú)須介詞，有些則需要。
兩個(gè)賓路都無(wú)須介詞的動(dòng)詞包括下列這些：
① Please show me the letter.
② Can you buy me a meal?
③ I will give you the latest newsletter.
④ John has sent Betty a cheque of $1000.
在①-④這樣的句子里，有個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)，也有個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)。前者一定是物、后者一定是人。它們之間不需要介詞作橋梁。另一些雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，就需要介詞的幫助了。關(guān)于這點(diǎn)，可以分四方面來(lái)談。
Ⅰ.兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)可通過(guò)不同介詞對(duì)換位置，如：
①a. The boss entrusted him with the job.
b. The boss entrusted the job to him.
②a. He tried to impress the new idea on us.
b. He tried to impress us with the new idea.
③a. A general should inspire his soldiers with great courage.
b. A general should inspire great courage in his soldiers.
Ⅱ.不同介詞，不同意思，如：
④a. Who introduced John to you?
b. Who introduced John into the new office?
⑤a. We warned him of the hazard.
b. We warned him against the hazard.
（a. 指存在的危險(xiǎn)；b. 指可能的危險(xiǎn)）
⑥a. When compared with each other, there are differences between the twins.
b. We may compare the heart to a pump.
（a. 指同類人或物對(duì)比；b.指兩樣不同東西互相比擬）
⑦a. Helen was disappointed of the prize.
b. Helen was disappointed in the prize.
（a. 指沒得獎(jiǎng)而失望；b. 指對(duì)所得的獎(jiǎng)不滿而失望）
⑧a. The cake is allied to the flour.
b. Is Taiwan allied with America?
（a.指兩樣?xùn)|西有關(guān)聯(lián)；b. 指兩個(gè)國(guó)家有聯(lián)盟關(guān)系）
Ⅲ.兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)與介詞各就各位，固定不變，如：
⑨ The police cautioned the tourists of the danger ahead.（警惕） ⑩ Can a doctor cure June of her chronic illness?（醫(yī)治）
● The company has to compensate its staff for their losses.（彌補(bǔ)）
● No one can deprive a citizen of his human right.（剝奪）
Ⅳ.以返身代詞為賓語(yǔ)的慣用語(yǔ)，如： ● I hope you will avail yourself of the golden opportunity. （利用）
● My friends often pride themselves on their rare achievements.（以自豪）
● Jill knows how to insinuate herself into her bosss favour.（向獻(xiàn)媚取寵）
● We look down on those ingratiating themselves with their superiors.（討好）
在《及物動(dòng)詞不需要介詞》一文中，談到及物動(dòng)詞不需要通過(guò)介詞引進(jìn)賓語(yǔ)。但是，當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，有些無(wú)須介詞，有些則需要。
兩個(gè)賓路都無(wú)須介詞的動(dòng)詞包括下列這些：
① Please show me the letter.
② Can you buy me a meal?
③ I will give you the latest newsletter.
④ John has sent Betty a cheque of $1000.
在①-④這樣的句子里，有個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)，也有個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)。前者一定是物、后者一定是人。它們之間不需要介詞作橋梁。另一些雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，就需要介詞的幫助了。關(guān)于這點(diǎn)，可以分四方面來(lái)談。
Ⅰ.兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)可通過(guò)不同介詞對(duì)換位置，如：
①a. The boss entrusted him with the job.
b. The boss entrusted the job to him.
②a. He tried to impress the new idea on us.
b. He tried to impress us with the new idea.
③a. A general should inspire his soldiers with great courage.
b. A general should inspire great courage in his soldiers.
Ⅱ.不同介詞，不同意思，如：
④a. Who introduced John to you?
b. Who introduced John into the new office?
⑤a. We warned him of the hazard.
b. We warned him against the hazard.
（a. 指存在的危險(xiǎn)；b. 指可能的危險(xiǎn)）
⑥a. When compared with each other, there are differences between the twins.
b. We may compare the heart to a pump.
（a. 指同類人或物對(duì)比；b.指兩樣不同東西互相比擬）
⑦a. Helen was disappointed of the prize.
b. Helen was disappointed in the prize.
（a. 指沒得獎(jiǎng)而失望；b. 指對(duì)所得的獎(jiǎng)不滿而失望）
⑧a. The cake is allied to the flour.
b. Is Taiwan allied with America?
（a.指兩樣?xùn)|西有關(guān)聯(lián)；b. 指兩個(gè)國(guó)家有聯(lián)盟關(guān)系）
Ⅲ.兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)與介詞各就各位，固定不變，如：
⑨ The police cautioned the tourists of the danger ahead.（警惕） ⑩ Can a doctor cure June of her chronic illness?（醫(yī)治）
● The company has to compensate its staff for their losses.（彌補(bǔ)）
● No one can deprive a citizen of his human right.（剝奪）
Ⅳ.以返身代詞為賓語(yǔ)的慣用語(yǔ)，如： ● I hope you will avail yourself of the golden opportunity. （利用）
● My friends often pride themselves on their rare achievements.（以自豪）
● Jill knows how to insinuate herself into her bosss favour.（向獻(xiàn)媚取寵）
● We look down on those ingratiating themselves with their superiors.（討好）
