語法復(fù)習(xí)冠 詞

　　（一）考綱要求

　　 考綱規(guī)定，冠詞考查基本用法，包括定冠詞與不定冠詞，不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別；不用冠詞的情況；習(xí)語中的冠詞；特指與泛指等。

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　　冠詞規(guī)則的靈活運(yùn)用是高考命題的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)，幾乎每年高考題的單項(xiàng)選擇或完形填空都有涉及冠詞的題目，不定冠詞和定冠詞的一些特殊用法，習(xí)慣用法及不用冠詞的情況是高考重點(diǎn)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。

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　　 當(dāng)代語法把冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞（即不用冠詞）三種。冠詞是一種虛詞，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定詞，放在名詞（或名詞化的形容詞分詞）前面，說明其所指的人或物。

　　 1、定冠詞的基本用法：

　　 ① 表示上文提到過的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

　?、?用于說話人與聽話人心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.

　　③ 用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

　?、?用于表示方位的名詞之前。如：the east, the right.

　?、?用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)之前。如：the first, the tallest.

　?、?用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化。如：the sick, the wounded.

　　⑦ 用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.

　?、?用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島、建筑物等的名詞之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

　?、?用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前，表示夫婦或全家。如：The Smiths

　?、?用于樂器的名詞前。如：play the piano; play the violin.

　　⑾　發(fā)明物。如：The compass was invented in China.

　?、小∧甏~前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.

　　　　⒀　固定詞組中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time

　　2、不定冠詞的基本用法：

　　① 泛指一個(gè)。如：There is a book on the table.

　?、?指人或事物的某一種類。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.

　?、?指某一個(gè)人或事物，但不具體說明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

　?、?用于某一些表示重量、長度、時(shí)間等單位前，表示每一。如：We have meals three times a day.（我們一天吃三餐。）

　?、?表示同樣的。如：They are of an age.（他們是同歲。）

　　⑥ 表數(shù)量，相當(dāng)于one,但語意較弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.

　　　　⑦ 使抽象名詞具體化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand譯幫手）

　　　　⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word

　　3、不用冠詞的情況：

　　① 表示總稱的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前。如：Children love cartoons.（兒童喜歡卡通影片。）

　?、?不含普通名詞的專有名詞前。如：We are studying English.

　?、?名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí)。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct.

　?、?季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前，一般不用冠詞。如：She likes spring most.

　?、?呼語前不用冠詞。如：What shall I do next, Mother?

　?、?三餐飯前不用冠詞。如：What did you have for lunch?

　?、?節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.

　　⑧ 球類和棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前不用冠詞。如：She is fond of playing basketball.

　?、?在一些成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的短語中不用冠詞。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牽手）; side by side（肩對(duì)肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨門挨戶）; from beginning to end（從頭到尾）; from morning till night（從早到晚）等。

　　練習(xí)（一）、冠 詞

　　1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通設(shè)施）.

　　 A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a

　　2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.

　　 A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a

　　3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.

　　 A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a

　　4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.

　　 A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The

　　5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.

　　 A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a

　　6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isnt ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.

　　 A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a

　　7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every

　　8. He was absent because he had caught ____.

　　 A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold

　　9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a

　　10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.

　　 A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a

　　11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.

　　 A. a B. the C. another D. other

　　12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.

　　 A. first B. a first C. second D. the second

　　13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a

　　14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.

　　 A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995

　　15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the

　　16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a

　　17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.

　　 A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s

　　18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller

　　19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.

　　 A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano

　　20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.

　　A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead

　　21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.

　　 A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the

　　22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.

　　 A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, /

　　23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.

　　 A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the

　　24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /

　　25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?

　　A. man B. the man C. a man D. men

　　26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./

　　27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That

　　28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.

　　 A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a

　　29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a

　　30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.

　　 A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day

　　練習(xí)（二）、冠 詞

　　1. ---You mean you know the man? 　---I know________ man exactly like him.

　　　　 A. other 　 B. the 　 C. / 　 D. a

　　2. Wouldnt it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?

　　　　 A. a, / 　 B. the, / 　 C. a, the　 D. the, the

　　3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.

　　　---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.

　　　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, a 　 C. /, / 　 D. /, a

　　4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.

　　　　 A. a,/, the 　 B. a,/, / 　 C. the, the, the　 D. the, an, an

　　5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.

　　　　 A. the, the 　 B. the, / 　 C. the, a　 D. /, a

　　6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.

　　　　 A. /, / 　 B. his, his 　 C. the, the　 D. an, his

　　7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.

　　　　 A. the, / 　 B. /, / 　 C. /, a 　 D. the, the

　　8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.

　　　　 A. a, the 　 B. a, / 　 C. the, a　 D. the, the

　　9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?

　　　　 A. the, the, the 　B. a, the, a 　 C. the, a, the　 D. the, the, a

　　10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.

　　　　 A. the, a 　 B. /, / 　 C. a, a　 D. /, a

　　11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.

　　　　 A. the, a 　 B. a, a 　 C. the, / 　 D. the, /

　　12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?

　　 　---Follow me. They re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?

　　　　 A. a, a 　 B. a, the 　 C. the, a 　 D. the, the

　　13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.

　　　　 A. /, / 　 B. the, the 　 C. a, / 　 D./, the

　　14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?

　　 　---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.

　　　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, the 　 C. a, the　 D. the, a

　　15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.

　　　　 A. a, the, the 　 B. a,/,the 　 C. /,/,the 　 D. /,/,a

　　16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.

　　　　 A. an, a 　 B. /, the 　 C. the, a 　 D. the, /

　　17. ---You re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?

　　 　---Sure, but not now. Im heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.

　　　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, a 　 C. a, / 　 D. the, /

　　18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.

　　　　 A. the, the 　 B. a, a 　 C. a, / 　 D. the, /

　　19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.

　　　　 A. the, a 　 B. /, the 　 C. /, / 　 D. the, /

　　20. Don t worry about _____ mistakes. They re _____ natural part of learning.

　　　　 A. /, a 　 B. the, / 　 C. /, the 　 D. the, the

　　21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. 　 ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.

　　　　 A. the dress 　 B. a dress 　 C. dress 　 D. the dresses

　　22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? 　---Oh, it was ____ success.

　　　　 A. How, really a B. What, great 　 C. How, / 　 D. What, quite a

　　23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.

　　　　 A. /,/,the 　 B. a,/,/ 　 C. a, the,/　 D. /,the, the

　　24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? 　　 ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.

　　　　 A. /, the, a 　 B. a, /, the 　 C. a, a, the 　 D. a, the, the

　　25. I don t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.

　　　　 A. /, / 　 B. /, a 　 C. the, / 　 D. /, the

　　26. ---I hear therell be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.

　　 　---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?

　　　　 A. a, the 　 B. the, a 　 C. the, the 　 D. a, a

　　27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.

　　　　 A. a, a 　 B. /, / 　 C. a, the 　 D. a, /

　　28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.

　　　　 A. a, the 　 B. a, / 　 C. the, an　 D. the, the

　　29. Xian was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.

　　　　 A. /, / 　 B. a, a 　 C. the, /　 D. the, the

　　30. ---What does on _____one handon _____other means?

　　 　---What_____great fun! Youre asking me such a simple question.

　　　　 A. the, the, / 　 B. the, the, a 　 C. /, the, a　 D. /, the, /

　　31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)

　　　　 A./;　 B. a　 C. the　 D. one

　　32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.

　　　　 A./;/　 B. the ; the　 C. the; /　 D./;the （ MET1991 11）

　　33. ---Wheres jack ? ---I think hes still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.

　　　 A./; /　 B. the; the　 C. the; /　 D./; the （ MET1992 36）

　　34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.

　　　 A. the ; the　 B./; /　 C. the; /　 D./; the （MET 1993 19）

　　35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.

　　　　 A. the; the　 B. the ; /　 C. a; /　 D. a ; the （NMET1994 20）

　　36.Wouldnt it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?

　　　　 A. a; /　B. the; /　C. a; the　D. the; the （NMET1994 23）

　　37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.

　　　　 A. a; /　 B. the; an　 C. the; the　 D./;the （NMET 1996 13）

　　38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.

　　　　 A. the ; /　 B. the; the　 C./; the　 D./; /（NMET 1999 8）

　　39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .

　　A.90s; their　 B. the 90s; /　 C.90s; / D. the 90s; their（1999.上海 6）

　　40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.

　　　　 A. the; a　 B./; a　 C. the ; the　 D./; the (NMET2000 10)