英語中名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞細(xì)辨
主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句都屬于名詞性從句范疇。引導(dǎo)這些從句的連詞大體上相同,但是部分學(xué)生對(duì)其中某些連詞之間的區(qū)別還不甚清楚。此外連詞之間的差異也一直是各類英語試題的命題熱點(diǎn)。本文就這些易錯(cuò)易混的連詞談?wù)勊鼈兊挠梅▍^(qū)別。
一、that,what和which
1. that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只起連接從句的作用,本身沒有任何意義,因此在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,它的使用須注意以下幾點(diǎn):
A. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that常可省略,但如果主句后跟有并列賓語從句時(shí),只能省略第一個(gè)that;若賓語從句前插有別的從句時(shí),that也不能省略。例如:
He told me (that) he was all right and that he would come to see me when he was free. 他告訴我說他很好,并說在他有空時(shí)來看我。
B. that引導(dǎo)主語從句位于句首時(shí)不可省略.如果it作形式主語,而that從句置于句末, 這時(shí)that可以省略。例如:
That he has lost his work is not true. 他丟了工作不是真的。
=It is not true (that) he has lost his work.
C.當(dāng)主語為the reason時(shí),注意應(yīng)用that 引導(dǎo)其表語從句,不能受漢語影響而誤用because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus. 他遲到的原因是他沒趕上早班車.(此句中的that不可用because代替)
D.引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),切不可錯(cuò)用which。例如:
Word has come that some American guests will come to visit our school next week. 有消息說下周將有一些美國(guó)客人來我校參觀。
2. what與which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)都在從句中充當(dāng)句子的某一成份,如主語、表語、賓語或定語,其區(qū)別是:what表示泛指的事物,常譯為什么或所的事物, whatever是它的強(qiáng)語勢(shì)無論什么which表示特定事物中的哪一個(gè)(些),一般情況下在從句中充當(dāng)定語,后接名詞,在一定的語境中,它所修飾的名詞可以省略,whichever是它的強(qiáng)語勢(shì)無論哪一個(gè)(些)。例如:
I believe what (whatever) he says. 我相信他說的(不管他說什么我都相信)。
I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf. 這個(gè)書架上的(任何一本)書,只要她喜歡,我都會(huì)給她。
二、who,whoever,whom和whomever
在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在句中作主語時(shí)用who,意思是誰,含有疑問意味,whoever是它的強(qiáng)語勢(shì)無論誰,不含有疑問意味。作賓語時(shí)用whom, 其相應(yīng)強(qiáng)語勢(shì)為whomever。判別時(shí)要根據(jù)句意以及在句中的語法功能來決定該用哪個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。例如:
Who has taken away my bag is unknown.誰拿走了我的包還不知道。(若用Whoever顯然句意不通)
Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight. 無論誰想看這部電影今晚可以和我們一起去.(Whoever wants 相當(dāng)于Anybody who wants,意為凡是想的人。這里不可換為Who。)
Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你們是否已經(jīng)決定提名誰作侯選人了?
You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票給任何你想給的人。
主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句都屬于名詞性從句范疇。引導(dǎo)這些從句的連詞大體上相同,但是部分學(xué)生對(duì)其中某些連詞之間的區(qū)別還不甚清楚。此外連詞之間的差異也一直是各類英語試題的命題熱點(diǎn)。本文就這些易錯(cuò)易混的連詞談?wù)勊鼈兊挠梅▍^(qū)別。
一、that,what和which
1. that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只起連接從句的作用,本身沒有任何意義,因此在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,它的使用須注意以下幾點(diǎn):
A. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that常可省略,但如果主句后跟有并列賓語從句時(shí),只能省略第一個(gè)that;若賓語從句前插有別的從句時(shí),that也不能省略。例如:
He told me (that) he was all right and that he would come to see me when he was free. 他告訴我說他很好,并說在他有空時(shí)來看我。
B. that引導(dǎo)主語從句位于句首時(shí)不可省略.如果it作形式主語,而that從句置于句末, 這時(shí)that可以省略。例如:
That he has lost his work is not true. 他丟了工作不是真的。
=It is not true (that) he has lost his work.
C.當(dāng)主語為the reason時(shí),注意應(yīng)用that 引導(dǎo)其表語從句,不能受漢語影響而誤用because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus. 他遲到的原因是他沒趕上早班車.(此句中的that不可用because代替)
D.引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),切不可錯(cuò)用which。例如:
Word has come that some American guests will come to visit our school next week. 有消息說下周將有一些美國(guó)客人來我校參觀。
2. what與which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)都在從句中充當(dāng)句子的某一成份,如主語、表語、賓語或定語,其區(qū)別是:what表示泛指的事物,常譯為什么或所的事物, whatever是它的強(qiáng)語勢(shì)無論什么which表示特定事物中的哪一個(gè)(些),一般情況下在從句中充當(dāng)定語,后接名詞,在一定的語境中,它所修飾的名詞可以省略,whichever是它的強(qiáng)語勢(shì)無論哪一個(gè)(些)。例如:
I believe what (whatever) he says. 我相信他說的(不管他說什么我都相信)。
I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf. 這個(gè)書架上的(任何一本)書,只要她喜歡,我都會(huì)給她。
二、who,whoever,whom和whomever
在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在句中作主語時(shí)用who,意思是誰,含有疑問意味,whoever是它的強(qiáng)語勢(shì)無論誰,不含有疑問意味。作賓語時(shí)用whom, 其相應(yīng)強(qiáng)語勢(shì)為whomever。判別時(shí)要根據(jù)句意以及在句中的語法功能來決定該用哪個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。例如:
Who has taken away my bag is unknown.誰拿走了我的包還不知道。(若用Whoever顯然句意不通)
Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight. 無論誰想看這部電影今晚可以和我們一起去.(Whoever wants 相當(dāng)于Anybody who wants,意為凡是想的人。這里不可換為Who。)
Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你們是否已經(jīng)決定提名誰作侯選人了?
You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票給任何你想給的人。
