2024屆全國高考英語一輪閱讀理解選練（5）

　　浙江省桐廬縣2024高考英語一輪閱讀理解選練（5）及答案

　　閱讀理解

　　The earth's most rich resource—water has become one of the most precious resources in the United States as rivers, lakes, and freshwater reservoirs are increasingly exploited for human use. Consequently, using precise farming techniques to refine “irrigation scheduling” is a research area of particular interest to Susan Moran, a researcher with the US department of Agriculture. She explains that in the southwest, irrigation is both difficult and expensive. There, she says, farmers have a tendency to over irrigate, spending both more time and money than necessary.

　　“I'm trying to provide new information that could be used by farmers to schedule irrigations to improve their profitability and use less water,”

　　Moran says. “Farmers often look at weather changes and then schedule irrigation based on that information. But if they had better information, they could use scientific models to compute more precisely how much water their crop is using.”

　　Rather than guessing their crop's potential need for water based upon weather

　　changes, farmers can use remote sensors to measure how much water their crop is actually using. This would give them a more accurate measure of how much more water it needs.

　　Moran believes that if farmers are getting good and timely measurements of plant and air temperature, then they can program when and how much water to give each crop through an irrigation system. No more water would be used than needed, thus saving cost and conserving water.

　　Moran introduces one study she conducted in Arizona to investigate the use of remote sensing data for scheduling cotton irrigations. Typically, those farmers irrigate ten times per growing season, but evidence showed that some of those farmers could achieve basically the same harvest with only nine irrigations.

　　“In those cases, one less irrigation saved more than all the cost of remote sensing data，” she states. “Both irrigation and satellite remote sensing data are expensive. But then again many farmers are used to working together as a group. They are used to sharing. I'm hoping they could do the same with remote sensing data—purchase one scene over a large area to cover many farms, which would further reduce the cost.”

　　1. What does Moran think is the problem with farmers?

　　A. Over璾sed reservoirs.

　　B. Precision farming.

　　C. Irrigation researches.

　　D. Over璱rrigation.

　　co答案解析：答案為D。 由第一段最后一句話 “… farmers have a tendency to over irrigate, spending both more time and money than necessary.” 可知，答案為D。

　　2. How can farmers get the new information about their crop?

　　A. To reschedule irrigation as required.

　　B. To watch weather changes regularly.

　　C. To use remote sensors as researchers suggest.

　　D. To use scientific models since computing is more reliable.

　　答案解析：答案為C。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。從第三段 “…farmers can use remote sensors to measure how much water their crop is actually using.” 可知答案為C。本題容易錯選D項。題干問的是 “農(nóng)民如何得到關(guān)于莊稼的新信息？” 從第二段最后一句話 “But if they had better information, they could use scientific models to compute more precisely how much water their crop is using.” 可知，農(nóng)民如果有了更好的信息可以使用scientific models。故答案D錯誤。

　　3. What do farmers check upon when they decide how much water each crop needs?

　　A. Profitability.

　　B. Remote sensors.

　　C. The cost.

　　D. Air temperature.

　　答案解析：答案為D。本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段 “Moran believes that if farmers are getting good and timely measurements of plant and air temperature, then they can program when and how much water to give each crop through an irrigation system.”可知，農(nóng)民依靠準(zhǔn)確及時地測量植物和空氣溫度，來決定給每種莊稼配給相應(yīng)的水分。 故答案為D。

　　4. What's the purpose of Moran introducing the study she carried out in Arizona?

　　A. To investigate the use of remote sensing data.

　　B. To support her viewpoint in the previous paragraph.

　　C. To show how farmers can reap a harvest.

　　D. To criticize those farmers who used too much water.

　　答案解析：答案為A。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。由倒數(shù)第二段首句 “Moran introduces one study she conducted in Arizona to investigate the use of remote sensing data for scheduling cotton irrigations.”可知，答案為A。

　　5. What is among the best possible ways to help save farmers' money?

　　A. Changing irrigation.

　　B. Sharing sensing data.

　　C. Buying one computer.

　　D. Extending the farms.

　　答案解析：答案為B。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。由最后一段 ““Both irrigation and satellite remote sensing data are expensive. But then again many farmers are used to working together as a group. They are used to sharing.” 可知，答案為B。

　　【深圳市2024高考英語綜合能力測試題（6）】

　　Virtual tourism has already appeared in the Swiss town of Basilea. It's an interesting and original form of tourism which will no doubt revolutionize real travel, and even make actual life somewhat

　　different.

　　On the banks of the River Rin, in the city of St. Alban, you can now take a half virtual, half real tour on horseback with the help of a piece of electronic equipment, earphones, and a science-fiction style visor (面罩) which contains a small camera. This modern equipment is called Life Clipper. It is the original idea of both Swiss inventor Jan Torpus, who studied in Barcelona, and German technology expert Nikolas Neecke.

　　According to the instructions for the Life Clipper, once a tourist is equipped, he'll need a guide to assist him to get used to seeing the world8through the visor. Once on the Rin riverbank, the tourist starts his journey with the sounds of the water, which are created by sensors(傳感器).From here the tourist travels on foot to the St. Alban neighborhood, feeling and sensing the view with his hands, nose and mouth. What he sees are images between the year 1000 and the year 1500: carriages, princes, etc.

　　This project sounds like something from science fiction and it looks funny when people in a visor try to touch a horse which isn't there. So far, this tourism has been a success only in Basilea, and will be introduced anywhere else in the world in the near future.

　　This is a fun and unusual way of travelling. Surely it won't be long before we see a new and improved form of Life Clipper - one that isn't just for sightseeing, but also for other parts of our life. For example, instead of taking a bus to the office or university, we just sit at home and put on the visor, feeling as if we were m a different place, and virtual work becomes reality.

　　41. The underlined word "revolutionize" in Paragraph l is closest in meaning to "________".

　　A. create

　　B. change

　　C. copy

　　D. cover

　　42. Which is TRUE about the Life Clipper?

　　A. It is a small camera.

　　B. It was invented by Jan Torpus.

　　C. The science-fiction style visor is a part of it.

　　D. Tourists can have a totally virtual tour with it.

　　43. Paragraph 3 is mainly about __________.

　　A. the history of virtual tourism

　　B. the advantages of virtual tourism

　　C. the ways of attracting more tourists

　　D. how to operate Life Clipper

　　44. What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A. Tourists can get used to seeing the world on their own once equipped.

　　B. Tourists can touch what they see through the visor.

　　C. Life Clipper can make tourists see images of ancient times.

　　D. Life Clipper has been used in other areas of our lives.

　　45. What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Virtual tourism is more popular

　　B. Virtual tourism is more fantastic

　　C. What the future of virtual tourism will be

　　D. Virtual tourism is born

　　【參考答案】41-45 BCDCD

　　該篇為說明文。介紹瑞士小鎮(zhèn)Basilea的“虛擬旅游”項目。

　　41. B。詞義猜測題。由第一段的Virtual tourism, original form和real travel, and even make actual life somewhat different以及第二段的take a half virtual, half real tour on horseback可知，虛擬旅游是一種獨創(chuàng)的旅游形式，毫無疑問它將改變真實的旅游甚至使現(xiàn)實生活有點不同。

　　42. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句with the help of a piece of electronic equipment, earphones, and a science-fiction style visor which contains a small camera可知，面罩只是這個設(shè)備的一個部件。故選C。

　　43. D。主旨大意題。第三段主要介紹怎樣操作Life Clipper這種電子設(shè)備。故選D。

　　44. C。推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句What he sees are images between the year 1000 and the year 1500: carriages, princes, etc可知，他能看到公元1000到1500年間的一些運輸工具，王子等。故選C。

　　45. D。主旨大意題。由第一段首句Virtual tourism has already appeared in the Swiss town of Basilea和全文內(nèi)容可知，虛擬旅游開始進入人們的生活。故選D。

　　社會生活類

　　Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists (考古學(xué)家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centres on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.

　　“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years of further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.

　　The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3, 000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.

　　The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950, 000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.

　　Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologist two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.

　　Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said:　“Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”

　　The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.

　　1. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because　.　

　　A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains

　　B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research

　　C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge

　　D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains

　　2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.

　　B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.

　　C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.

　　D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.

　　3. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?

　　A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.

　　B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.

　　C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.

　　D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.

　　4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

　　A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands

　　B. Research time should be extended, scientists require

　　C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say

　　D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn

　　【參考答案】67.1-4 BCDD　

　　社會生活類

　　Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.

　　Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup (基因構(gòu)成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.

　　Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.

　　Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潛在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副產(chǎn)品) of technological developments in the space industry!

　　While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.

　　While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.

　　1. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?

　　A. To express his doubts.

　　B. To compare different ideas.

　　C. To introduce points for discussion.

　　D. To describe the conditions on Earth.

　　2. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph 2?

　　A. Humans are nature-born to do so.

　　B. Humans have the tendency to fight.

　　C. Humans may find new sources of food.

　　D. Humans don’t like to stay in the same place.

　　3. The underlined word “spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to　.　

　　A. survival chances