英語專業四級考試詞匯知識點輔導:動詞完成式
1.may和might+動詞完成式
此結構用于推測過去的行為。例如:
She said that he might have missed the plane.她說他可能誤了航班。
2.can和could+動詞完成式
A.表示過去能做而沒做的事,有一種對過去未付諸實施的事情的惋惜。例如:
In those circumstances we could have done better.
在那樣的情況下,我們本來可以做得更好的。(但沒有做得更好)
B.推測過去的某種行動。
Where can /could she have gone? 她可能到哪里去了呢?
The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.
這孩子不可能那么快就把這本書讀完的,因為即使對一個成人來說,這本書也是相當難的。
Note:
cant和couldnt+動詞原形可以用來表示否定推斷。例如:
He cant be over fifty.他不可能超過50歲。
3.must+動詞完成式
表示對過去行為的推斷,具有較大的可能性,意為一定,想必。例如:
She must have gone through a lot.
她一定吃過很多苦。
Note:
must+動詞原形對現在的推測,must be+現在分詞對未來或現在正在進行的推測。例如:
She looks happy; she must be having a good time.
4.neednt+動詞完成式和didnt need to do
A.neednt+動詞完成式表示一種已經做過的但并無必要的行為。例如:
You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
你本來不必澆花的,因為天要下雨了。(但卻澆了)
We neednt have told him the news because he knew it already.
B.didnt need to do結構表示沒有必要做某事,實際上也沒有做。例如:
I didnt need to clean the windows.My sister did it.
我不必擦窗,我妹妹擦了。(我沒有擦)
5.should+動詞完成式
A.此結構的肯定式表示應該做的事而沒有做,否定式表示某種行為不該發生但卻發生了。例如:
You should have given her more help.
你應該多給她一些幫助的。(但沒有給)
B.表示推測,意為可能,但可能性較小。例如:
He should have finished the work by now.
他現在該把工作完成了。(推測)
C.should / would have thought意為本以為,本認為。例如:
A: Can you type?
B: Certainly.
A: Well, I should have thought you wouldnt.
I should have thought she wouldnt agree.
我本來認為她不會同意的。
D.should have thought有時意為認為,以為,相當于should think,但表示更為委婉、謙遜或不肯定的語氣。例如:
I should have thought it fairly good.
我以為它是很不錯的。
E.should have+ 過去分詞用于虛擬語氣:
Had you written him, you should have known the details.
6.ought to+動詞完成式
此結構表示某種過去應該做而沒有做的事,或被忽略未做的某種明智行為。例如:
You ought to have returned the book earlier.(還晚了)
You ought to have refused her at the beginning, but now it is too late.
Note:
這里的ought to也可以用should代替。
1.may和might+動詞完成式
此結構用于推測過去的行為。例如:
She said that he might have missed the plane.她說他可能誤了航班。
2.can和could+動詞完成式
A.表示過去能做而沒做的事,有一種對過去未付諸實施的事情的惋惜。例如:
In those circumstances we could have done better.
在那樣的情況下,我們本來可以做得更好的。(但沒有做得更好)
B.推測過去的某種行動。
Where can /could she have gone? 她可能到哪里去了呢?
The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.
這孩子不可能那么快就把這本書讀完的,因為即使對一個成人來說,這本書也是相當難的。
Note:
cant和couldnt+動詞原形可以用來表示否定推斷。例如:
He cant be over fifty.他不可能超過50歲。
3.must+動詞完成式
表示對過去行為的推斷,具有較大的可能性,意為一定,想必。例如:
She must have gone through a lot.
她一定吃過很多苦。
Note:
must+動詞原形對現在的推測,must be+現在分詞對未來或現在正在進行的推測。例如:
She looks happy; she must be having a good time.
4.neednt+動詞完成式和didnt need to do
A.neednt+動詞完成式表示一種已經做過的但并無必要的行為。例如:
You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
你本來不必澆花的,因為天要下雨了。(但卻澆了)
We neednt have told him the news because he knew it already.
B.didnt need to do結構表示沒有必要做某事,實際上也沒有做。例如:
I didnt need to clean the windows.My sister did it.
我不必擦窗,我妹妹擦了。(我沒有擦)
5.should+動詞完成式
A.此結構的肯定式表示應該做的事而沒有做,否定式表示某種行為不該發生但卻發生了。例如:
You should have given her more help.
你應該多給她一些幫助的。(但沒有給)
B.表示推測,意為可能,但可能性較小。例如:
He should have finished the work by now.
他現在該把工作完成了。(推測)
C.should / would have thought意為本以為,本認為。例如:
A: Can you type?
B: Certainly.
A: Well, I should have thought you wouldnt.
I should have thought she wouldnt agree.
我本來認為她不會同意的。
D.should have thought有時意為認為,以為,相當于should think,但表示更為委婉、謙遜或不肯定的語氣。例如:
I should have thought it fairly good.
我以為它是很不錯的。
E.should have+ 過去分詞用于虛擬語氣:
Had you written him, you should have known the details.
6.ought to+動詞完成式
此結構表示某種過去應該做而沒有做的事,或被忽略未做的某種明智行為。例如:
You ought to have returned the book earlier.(還晚了)
You ought to have refused her at the beginning, but now it is too late.
Note:
這里的ought to也可以用should代替。