英語北師大版一輪復習講練：Part II 語法部分 專題15 簡單句、并列句和反意疑問句
專題十五 簡單句、并列句和反意疑問句
一、簡單句
簡單句是指只包含一個主謂結構，而且句子的各個成分都只是單詞和短語。也就是說，如果一個句子里出現兩個或更多并列的主語共同使用一個謂語，或一個主語后面接兩個或多個并列的謂語，或者兩個主語后面接兩個謂語，我們都應視其為簡單句。
Not only Tom but also his two sisters take great interest in piano. 不僅湯姆，而且他的兩個姐姐也對鋼琴感興趣。
The man got up, put on his coat, hurried downstairs and run out into the street. 那個人起床，穿上大衣，匆匆忙忙下了樓，跑到了街上。
二、并列句
并列復合句是由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨立的簡單句構成。兩個簡單句常由并列連接詞連在一起，但有時不用連接詞，只在兩個簡單句之間用一逗號或分號。
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. 在射門前他遲疑了一下，要不然的話，他就進了一球。
He came to my class every week, but his attitude suggested he was not really interested in the subject. 每周他都會來上我的課，但從他的態度中我知道他對這門課程并不是真的感興趣。
三、反意疑問句
反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句，是指當提問的人對前面所敘述的事實不敢肯定，而需要向對方加以證實時所提出的問句。其結構為：前一部分是一個陳述句，后一部分是一個簡單問句。完成后一部分簡單問句時，要根據前面陳述句的動詞時態和人稱來選擇適當的助動詞進行提問，前后兩部分的人稱和動詞時態要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分為否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。
Your brother has gone to the library, hasn't he? 你弟弟去圖書館了，是嗎？
He was a lazy child, and he didn't pass the exam, did he? 他是一個懶孩子，他沒能通過考試，是嗎？
This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn't it? 這是他第二次去日本，是嗎？
在近幾年的高考試題中對簡單句、并列句和反意疑問句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：
一、簡單句
1．考查簡單句中的并列成分
Tired and hungry, the old man couldn't walk any further.
老人又累又餓，走不動了。
The two girls walked along the path, talking and laughing.
那兩個女孩沿小路走著，有說有笑。
The man tied the horse to a tree and went into the inn.
那個人把馬栓到一棵樹上，走進了酒館
2．考查情景對話中的簡單句的用法
(1)—Shall we go out for dinner tonight？今晚我們出去吃飯吧？
—That sounds great.那太好了！
(2)
—It shouldn't take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.聚會后如果我們都幫忙的話很快就會收拾干凈。
—That‘s right. Many hands make light work.
是的。人多力量大。
二、并列句
1.考查so, and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...等表示先后、遞進關系的并列連詞
All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 這項任務的所有準備工作都已完成，我們正準備著手做它。
Not only does she speak Spanish, she also knows how to type.
她不但會說西班牙語， 還會打字呢。
2．考查or,
or else, either...or...等表示選擇關系的并列句Come and have lunch with me；either Tuesday or Wednesday.來和我共進午餐，星期二或者星期三。
3．考查but, yet, still, however等連接的表示相反或者轉折的并列句
They are not very good, but we like to play basketball with them anyway. 他們球技不是很好，但不管怎樣我們還是喜歡和他們打籃球。
三、反意疑問句
1.考查祈使句的反意疑問句
Don't play football in the street, will you?
不要在街上打籃球好嗎？
2.考查let's ...的反意疑問句
Let's go home together, shall we?
我們一起回家好嗎？
3．考查陳述部分帶有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意義的詞的反意疑問句
He seldom takes a bus to school, does he？他很少乘公共汽車去學校，對嗎？
4.考查復合句的反意疑問句
They said that you had finished your homework, didn't they？他們說你做完作業了，是嗎？2011重慶卷28】I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ______ ?
A. could he
B. didn’t I
C. didn’t you
D. could they
B
【考點】考查反義疑問句。
【解析】反義疑問句的基本原則就是與主句主謂保持一致。陳述部分為肯定，故附加部分為否定，本句含有一個賓語從句且主句為“I told them……，所以選擇B。句意：我告訴他們并非每個人都可以跑得和你一樣快，不是嗎？
2011遼寧卷33】_____ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A. Which
B. What
C. How
D. Whether
where
B
【考點】考查感嘆句。
【解析】句意：多么奇怪的植物?。∥乙郧皬臎]見過。此處為“What+a/an十adj.+n．+it is/was”的省略結構，故B項正確。
2011上海卷 30】It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______?
A. doesn’t it
B. does it
C. don’t they
D. do they
B
【考點】考查反義疑問句。
【解析】反義疑問句的基本原則就是與主句主謂保持一致。陳述部分為否定，故附加部分為肯定，句意：他們是否來參加你的派對，沒有關系，是嗎？
〖10全國〗I have seldom seen my mother _______ pleased with my progress as she is now .
A. so
B. very
C. too
D. rather
A
〖考點〗此題考查so…as….的固定結構
so…as….的固定結構, 題干中的關鍵詞是as, 譯為 “像…..一樣, 正如…..一樣”。因此選擇A。
09湖南〗You and I could hardly work together,
?
A. could you
B. couldn’t I
C. couldn’t we
D. could we
D
〖考點〗反義疑問句的用法。
〖解析〗根據陳述部分是肯定形式, 疑問部分用否定形式；反之。陳述部分中含有否定詞hardly, 故疑問部分用肯定形式, 主語是you and I。故應選D。
09陜西〗He must be helping the old man to water the flowers,
?
A. is he
B. isn’t he
C. must he
D. mustn’t he
B
〖考點〗考查反意疑問句。
〖解析〗陳述句中的謂語中雖有情態動詞must, 但此處must表示對正在進行的動作進行推測, 將其不看作情態動詞。而must后有助動詞be, 故反意疑問句根據助動詞be來構成, 選B。
09四川〗—I wonder ________ you’ll water this kind of flower.
Every other day.
A. how often
B. how long
C. how soon
D. how much
〖答案〗A
〖考點〗相似疑問詞的區別。
〖解析〗根據答語Every other day可知對方問的是多久澆一次這種花。how often問頻率, 符合題意。
09上海〗Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, ______?
A. hasn’t she B. has she C. isn’t she D. is she
B
〖考點〗此題考查反意問句。
〖解析〗Sally’s的完全形式是Sally has, 判斷反意問句部分用助動詞has；never表示否定, 因此反意問句部分用肯定。答案B。
09遼寧〗It’s the first time that he has been to Australia,
?
A
isn’t he
B
hasn’t he
C
isn’t it
D
hasn’t it
C
〖考點〗此題考查反意問句。
〖解析〗陳述部分是主從復合句時, 其反意疑問部分的構成常以主句為判斷依據。答案C。
08湖南〗
the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A.Having searched
B.To search
C.Searching
D.Search
D
〖考點〗此題考查祈使句+and+簡單句
+and+簡單句, 相當于if引導的條件狀語從句。
08江蘇〗It is often said that the joy of travelling is
in arriving at your destination
in the journey itself.
A./;but
B./;or
C.not;or
D.not;but
D
〖考點〗此題考查并列句式。
〖解析〗not...but...不是……而是……, 連接兩個并列成分。句意為：據說旅游的快樂不在于你所到達的地方而在于旅程本身。
07北京〗When you’ve finished with that book,
don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,
?
A.do you
B.don’t you
C.will you
D.won’t you
C
〖考點〗祈使句的反意疑問句
〖解析〗祈使句的反意疑問句一般用will you。
07上海〗The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.
it was!
A.What a dangerous scene
B.What dangerous a scene
C.How a dangerous scene
D.How dangerous the scene
A
〖考點〗本題考查感嘆句。
〖解析〗What a dangerous scene it was! = How dangerous the scene was!
〖06全國〗Mary,
here—everybody else, stay where you are.
A.come
B.comes
C.to come
D.coming
A
〖考點〗考查祈使句的用法
〖解析〗本題考查了祈使句的用法。Mary和everybody else作為呼語出現, 后面的句子為祈使句, 省略了第二人
you, 故應用動詞原形。
06全國〗We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter,
?
A.do you
B.can we
C.will you
D.shall we
C
〖考點〗此題考查祈使句的反意疑問句
〖解析〗祈使句的反意疑問句通常用will you, 意思是
“好嗎, 可以嗎”。
06福建〗I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,
?
A.hadn’t you
B.wouldn’t you
C.aren’t I
D.didn’t she
B
〖考點〗本題考查反意疑問句。
〖解析〗在反意疑問句中, 如果主句的謂語動詞是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等, 且主語為第一人稱, 簡略問句僅有肯定或否定是與主句相對應, 而主語和時態要與賓語從句一致。
06重慶〗
and I’ll get the work finished.
A.Have one more hour B.One more hour
C.Given one more hourD.If I have one more hour
B
〖考點〗本題考查 “祈使句+and+簡單句”的用法,
“祈使句+and+簡單句”的用法, 其中祈使句可轉換成名詞短語, 如One more word and I’ll beat you flat.因此B項正確。如果選C, D兩項, 要去掉and。1．(2010江蘇鹽城高三調研)—Andrew won't like it, you know.
—________？ I don't care what Andrew thinks!
A．So what
B．So where
C．So why
D．So how
【答案與解析】 A 根據下文的“我不在乎安德魯怎么想”判斷，應選A項，意為“那又怎么樣呢？”
2．(2010安徽安慶一中高三模擬) Help others whenever you can ________ you will make the world a nicer place to live in.
A．but
B．or
C．unless
D．and
【答案與解析】 D 這是“祈使句＋and＋簡單句”結構，相當于一個含有條件狀語從句的句子：If you help others whenever you can, you will make the world a nicer place to live in.
3．(2010陜西五校高三模擬)When you've finished with that book, don't forget to put it back one the shelf，________？
A．do you
B．don't you
C．will you
D．won't you
【答案與解析】 C 肯定的祈使句的反意疑問句可用will you或won't you，但否定的祈使句的反意疑問句只能用will you。
4．(2010河北保定市高三二模)You have failed two tests. You'd better start working harder, ________you won't pass the course.
A．and
B．so
C．but
D．or
【答案與解析】 D or“否則；不然的話”，引導并列句。
5．(2010山西康杰中學高三四模)If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you. If you shout, this is no good,
________？
A.do you B．don't you
C.is it
D.isn't it
【答案與解析】 C 句子的主語為this, that時，反意問句的主語用it。
6．(2010四川綿陽高考模擬)You may not have played very well today, but at least you've got through to the next round and ________.
A．tomorrow never comes
B．tomorrow is another day
C．never put off till tomorrow
D．there is no tomorrow
【答案與解析】 B 該題需根據上下文的語義判斷，tomorrow is another day“明天又是新的一天”。
7．(2010浙江杭州高三二模)________ it was!
A．What a splendid scene
B．What splendid
a scene
C．How a splendid
scene
D．How splendid
the scene
【答案與解析】 A scene是可數名詞同時又是中心詞，所以選A項，用How來引導則為：How splendid a scene it was!
8．(安徽省合肥市2010高三年級模擬試卷)Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ________ their education that causes misunderstanding.
