Analysis and Interpretation of the News閱讀練習與解析
The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalismto make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing as local news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.
There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.
The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the facts. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?
As to the first query. Consider how a socalled factual story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.
Thus, in the presentation of a socalled factual or objective story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their news neutralism, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.
The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processesas objective, that is, as any human being can be. Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a storypromoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.
1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A]. Interpreting the News. [B]. Choosing Facts.
[C]. Subjective versus Objective Processes. [D]. Everything Counts.
2. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of 50 available facts?
[A]. Space is limited. [B]. His editor is prejudiced.
[C]. The subject is not important. [D]. He is entering choppy and dangerous.
3. What is the least effective way of slanting news/
[A]. Interpretation. [B]. His editor is prejudiced.
[C]. Placement. [D]. Concentration.
4. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?
[A]. It will influence the reader to continue.
[B]. It will be the best way to write.
[C]. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.
[D]. It will gratify the editor.
Vocabulary
1. unalloyed 純粹的，沒有雜物的
2. unslanted 無偏見的，不歪曲的
3. scribble 胡寫，亂寫;粗制濫造的文章
4. manpower draft 人力征用，券集
5. economic strain 經濟緊張，壓力
6. embark on 開始，從事
7. choppy 波浪滔滔的，變動頻繁，紊亂
8. query 疑問，質問
9. come about 發生
10. allotment 分配
11. beacon 信標，燈塔，烽火
12. murky 陰暗的，(霧等)濃的
13. prop up 給撐腰，支持
14. demote 使降級。相應詞 promote
15. news neutralism 無傾向性資訊，資訊中立主義
16. lead (資訊等)導語，提要
難句譯注
1. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalismto make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing as local news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.
[結構簡析] 主從句，句中連用三個不定式，是實際的主語，也就是this 的內容。后跟賓語或賓語從句。
[參考譯文] 美國報界面臨最重要的兒女物是向讀者講清今日存在的問題，使國際資訊像地區社區資訊一樣明白易懂，使他們認識到不再有什么本地資訊這類事情(社團或俱樂部粗制濫造的文章可能要除外)，因為國際上任何資訊在人力征用，募集，經濟負擔，事實上在生活的各方面都會引起地區反應。
2. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion.
[結構簡析] the swirling是說明語。
[參考譯文] 報界有一種普遍存在的觀點：當你從事解釋資訊的工作(對資訊進行解釋時)，你就進入了波浪滔天，險情還生的水域，意見漩掀的浪潮。
3. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their news neutralism, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.
[結構簡析] 句中有定語從句in which 修飾interpretation. 定從中calling on 分詞短語作伴隨狀態，修飾reporter and editor。
[參考譯文] 這些判斷評價就像解釋資訊多涉及的判斷一樣。在這里，記者和編輯要動用他們的資訊調查研究資源，他們一般的背景材料以及資訊中立態度來得出有關資訊意義的結論。
4. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processesas objective, that is, as any human being can be.
[結構簡析] a note in passing 義;順便說一句，附帶的談一下。
[參考譯文] 這兩個判斷領域：提供資訊內容和解說資訊領域可不是主觀過程，而是客觀過程也就是說，要像任何人能做到的那樣客觀。順便說一句，就算達不到絕對的客觀，那客觀的理想必須始終如一的是迷霧漫漫新航道上的信標。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章論及資訊評價問題。采用一般到具體手法。文章一開始就提出資訊要客觀，真實的事實，解釋要清楚，使讀者明白今日世界的問題。國內外大事和我們生活休戚相關。然后講述選材過程，版面布置。最后談到提供和解說資訊中評價要客觀。
答案祥解
1. A. 解釋資訊。文章雖提及兩個領域(見難句譯注4)，但重點在解釋(見難句譯注2)。提供是解說的前提，但作為標題不合適，因為它是作為解釋的對比而寫的。(見難句譯注3 not at all unlike及難句譯注4 are both objective rather than)
B. 選擇事實。這只是提供資訊中一個具體步驟。 C. 主觀對客觀過程。也是一個具體方面(見難句譯注4)。 D. 一切都要算在內。涉及面太廣，文內沒提及。
2. A. 版面空間有限。第四段三句：舉例說，記者收集50條資訊事實。他從50條中選出10條他認為是最重要的資訊，因為他的版面空間分配必定有所限制。
B. 他的編輯有偏見。不對。 C. 他的文章主題不重要。 不對。 D. 他進到了波浪滔天的危險水域(見難句譯注2)。這是講資訊解釋。
3. A. 解說。最后一段最后三句：如果編輯想要歪曲資訊，他可以采用其他辦法，遠比解說要有效的多。他可以通過選擇支持他的觀點的才，或通過他給每條資訊所定的位置達到歪曲的目的提升到頭版，或者降低到三十版。這段話說明其它辦法歪曲資訊比解說資訊來歪曲有效的多。
B. 選材。 C. 定位。 D. 集中。
4. C. 有些讀者不讀一段以下的問心，這是常識。有的讀者就讀大標題。
A. 它將影響讀者繼續讀下去。 B. 這是最佳的寫作方法。 D. 這會使編輯高興。
The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalismto make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing as local news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.
There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.
The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the facts. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?
As to the first query. Consider how a socalled factual story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.
Thus, in the presentation of a socalled factual or objective story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their news neutralism, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.
The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processesas objective, that is, as any human being can be. Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a storypromoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.
1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A]. Interpreting the News. [B]. Choosing Facts.
[C]. Subjective versus Objective Processes. [D]. Everything Counts.
2. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of 50 available facts?
[A]. Space is limited. [B]. His editor is prejudiced.
[C]. The subject is not important. [D]. He is entering choppy and dangerous.
3. What is the least effective way of slanting news/
[A]. Interpretation. [B]. His editor is prejudiced.
[C]. Placement. [D]. Concentration.
4. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?
[A]. It will influence the reader to continue.
[B]. It will be the best way to write.
[C]. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.
[D]. It will gratify the editor.
Vocabulary
1. unalloyed 純粹的，沒有雜物的
2. unslanted 無偏見的，不歪曲的
3. scribble 胡寫，亂寫;粗制濫造的文章
4. manpower draft 人力征用，券集
5. economic strain 經濟緊張，壓力
6. embark on 開始，從事
7. choppy 波浪滔滔的，變動頻繁，紊亂
8. query 疑問，質問
9. come about 發生
10. allotment 分配
11. beacon 信標，燈塔，烽火
12. murky 陰暗的，(霧等)濃的
13. prop up 給撐腰，支持
14. demote 使降級。相應詞 promote
15. news neutralism 無傾向性資訊，資訊中立主義
16. lead (資訊等)導語，提要
難句譯注
1. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalismto make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing as local news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.
[結構簡析] 主從句，句中連用三個不定式，是實際的主語，也就是this 的內容。后跟賓語或賓語從句。
[參考譯文] 美國報界面臨最重要的兒女物是向讀者講清今日存在的問題，使國際資訊像地區社區資訊一樣明白易懂，使他們認識到不再有什么本地資訊這類事情(社團或俱樂部粗制濫造的文章可能要除外)，因為國際上任何資訊在人力征用，募集，經濟負擔，事實上在生活的各方面都會引起地區反應。
2. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion.
[結構簡析] the swirling是說明語。
[參考譯文] 報界有一種普遍存在的觀點：當你從事解釋資訊的工作(對資訊進行解釋時)，你就進入了波浪滔天，險情還生的水域，意見漩掀的浪潮。
3. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their news neutralism, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.
[結構簡析] 句中有定語從句in which 修飾interpretation. 定從中calling on 分詞短語作伴隨狀態，修飾reporter and editor。
[參考譯文] 這些判斷評價就像解釋資訊多涉及的判斷一樣。在這里，記者和編輯要動用他們的資訊調查研究資源，他們一般的背景材料以及資訊中立態度來得出有關資訊意義的結論。
4. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processesas objective, that is, as any human being can be.
[結構簡析] a note in passing 義;順便說一句，附帶的談一下。
[參考譯文] 這兩個判斷領域：提供資訊內容和解說資訊領域可不是主觀過程，而是客觀過程也就是說，要像任何人能做到的那樣客觀。順便說一句，就算達不到絕對的客觀，那客觀的理想必須始終如一的是迷霧漫漫新航道上的信標。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章論及資訊評價問題。采用一般到具體手法。文章一開始就提出資訊要客觀，真實的事實，解釋要清楚，使讀者明白今日世界的問題。國內外大事和我們生活休戚相關。然后講述選材過程，版面布置。最后談到提供和解說資訊中評價要客觀。
答案祥解
1. A. 解釋資訊。文章雖提及兩個領域(見難句譯注4)，但重點在解釋(見難句譯注2)。提供是解說的前提，但作為標題不合適，因為它是作為解釋的對比而寫的。(見難句譯注3 not at all unlike及難句譯注4 are both objective rather than)
B. 選擇事實。這只是提供資訊中一個具體步驟。 C. 主觀對客觀過程。也是一個具體方面(見難句譯注4)。 D. 一切都要算在內。涉及面太廣，文內沒提及。
2. A. 版面空間有限。第四段三句：舉例說，記者收集50條資訊事實。他從50條中選出10條他認為是最重要的資訊，因為他的版面空間分配必定有所限制。
B. 他的編輯有偏見。不對。 C. 他的文章主題不重要。 不對。 D. 他進到了波浪滔天的危險水域(見難句譯注2)。這是講資訊解釋。
3. A. 解說。最后一段最后三句：如果編輯想要歪曲資訊，他可以采用其他辦法，遠比解說要有效的多。他可以通過選擇支持他的觀點的才，或通過他給每條資訊所定的位置達到歪曲的目的提升到頭版，或者降低到三十版。這段話說明其它辦法歪曲資訊比解說資訊來歪曲有效的多。
B. 選材。 C. 定位。 D. 集中。
4. C. 有些讀者不讀一段以下的問心，這是常識。有的讀者就讀大標題。
A. 它將影響讀者繼續讀下去。 B. 這是最佳的寫作方法。 D. 這會使編輯高興。
