山東省高密市教科院2024屆高考英語二輪復習《形容詞與副詞》學案

　　山東省高密市教科院2024屆高三高考二輪復習英語《形容詞與副詞》學案

　　形容詞和副詞在高考中的考查重點：

　　1. 形容詞、副詞的作用與位置；

　　① 多個形容詞作定語排列的順序

　　② enough作修飾成分時的位置問題及形容詞作后置定語

　　③ 形容詞作伴隨狀語和原因狀語

　　2. 表語形容詞的特點及連系動詞+形容詞作表語；

　　3. 形容詞、副詞比較等級的用法；

　　①原級的用法②比較級的用法③最高級的用法

　　④形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況 ⑤由as/so組成的形容詞或副詞短語 ⑥more /less than及其相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)

　　4. 容易混淆的形容詞、副詞的區(qū)別。2024湖南24. Bicycling is good exercise; ____, it does not pollute the air.

　　A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore

　　【答案】B

　　【考點】本題考察副詞含義辨析根據(jù)句意：“騎自行車是一種很好的運動方式，而且又不會造成大氣污染”故選B（besides而且，加之，除此以外）。詞匯 副詞besides

　　I haven’t head from him since last year.

　　A.

　　especially

　　B.

　　regularly

　　C.

　　particularly

　　D.

　　approximately

　　【考點】副詞詞義辨析

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】A項意為“”；B項意為“”；C項意為“特別，尤其”；D項意為“近似地大約”。。

　　【答案】 28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____.

　　A. some

　　B. less

　　C. much

　　D. more

　　【答案】D

　　【考點】形容詞考點。比較級，根據(jù)句意即刻判斷。

　　合成形容詞

　　合成形容詞指由幾個詞共同組成并起到形容詞作用的詞。主要作定語，一般不作表語。

　　(1) 數(shù)詞+ 名詞+形容詞 a ten-metre-wide river

　　一條十米寬的河

　　a five-year-old girl 一個五歲的女孩

　　(2) 形容詞（或數(shù)詞）+名詞+-eda middle-aged man 一位中年男子

　　a fifteen-storeyed building 一座十五層的大樓

　　(3) 形容詞+V-ing 形式 a good-looking man 一位英俊的男子

　　an easy-going woman 一位隨和的女子

　　(4) 名詞+V-ed 形式a man-made lake 人工湖

　　a snow-covered mountain

　　一座被雪覆蓋的山

　　(5) 副詞/形容詞+ V-ed形式

　　a well-known writer 一位著名的作家

　　a new-born baby 一個新生兒

　　形容詞在句中的作用：

　　作定語

　　作定語時形容詞一般放在所修飾詞的前面，如果有幾個形容詞，常按下列順序排列：限定詞+序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)+大小、長短、高低+形狀+新舊+顏色+產(chǎn)地、國籍+質(zhì)地、材料+用途+名詞

　　a few big round new black French wooden tables

　　幾張新的大面圓的法國黒木桌子

　　the last few unforgettable sunny days

　　令人難忘的最后幾個陽光明媚的日子

　　(2) 作表語

　　作表語的形容詞位置比較固定，都在系動詞之后：

　　He is very devoted to his wife. Her face remained expressionless.

　　但在表語和動詞之間有時可插進別的詞：

　　She remained comparatively calm.

　　I feel a little tired.

　　大多數(shù)形容詞可作定語和表語，但有些形容詞通常只作表語，如：afraid, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, aware, content, due, fond, glad, ill, likely, ready, sorry, sure, unable, unlikely, well等

　　(3) 作賓語補足語Who left the door open?

　　Martin found the work slightly dull.

　　(4) 作狀語

　　She came over, eager to help.

　　He arrived home, hungry and tired.

　　(5) 有時可作同位語和獨立成分

　　The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

　　Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all.

　　副詞在句中的作用：

　　1. 作狀語

　　It snowed heavily last January.

　　(修飾動詞)Emily greeted me warmly. (修飾動詞)

　　He agreed to come over right away. (修飾非謂語動詞)

　　She is terribly clever.

　　(修飾形容詞)You’re driving too fast. (修飾副詞)

　　Sure I’ll help you.

　　(修飾整個句子)

　　2. 作表語：大部分與介詞同形的副詞可用作表語

　　Mary was down with a slight fever.We are behind in our plan.

　　I must be off now.

　　還有一些表示位置的副詞常用作表語

　　When will you be back?I’ll only be away a few minutes.

　　Is anyone downstairs yet?

　　Denny was still abroad.

　　3. 副詞的其他用法

　　副詞可用作定語

　　I

　　hope you’ll enjoy your stay here.

　　The then headmaster ordered these books.

　　(2) 副詞還可用作賓語補語，構(gòu)成復合賓語

　　I saw you out with your sister last Sunday.

　　I’m pleased to see you back.

　　(3) 副詞用于構(gòu)成動詞短語

　　The flowers gave off a sweet fragrance.

　　They decided to put the meeting off.

　　意思有別的同根副詞：

　　close 接近地

　　closely 仔細地，密切地

　　free 免費地

　　freely 自由地，無拘無束地

　　hard 努力地

　　hardly 幾乎不

　　late 晚，遲

　　lately

　　近來

　　most 最，極其 mostly 主要地

　　high 高

　　highly 高度地，非常地

　　deep 深，遲

　　deeply 深深地

　　loud 大聲地

　　loudly 大聲地(含喧鬧之意)

　　near 鄰近

　　nearly 幾乎

　　形容詞副詞比較級

　　1. 表示A超過B：

　　A+謂語+adj./adv.比較級+than +B

　　My room is smaller than yours.

　　Dave drives faster than anyone I know.

　　2. 表示A不如B：

　　1) A+謂語的否定式+adj./adv.比較級+than+B

　　2) A+謂語+less+adj./adv.+than+B

　　3) A+謂語的否定+so(as)+adj./adv.+as+B

　　This book isn’t bigger than that one.

　　This star is less beautiful than that one.

　　This room is not as/so big as that one.

　　(3)表示A和B是同等程度

　　A+謂語+as+adj./adv.+as+B

　　Diana sings as sweetly as her sister.

　　She can run as fast as 20 miles an hour.

　　(4) 越……,越……

　　the +比較級, the+比較級

　　越來越……

　　比較級+and+比較級

　　The faster I type, the more mistakes I make.

　　He played it better and better.

　　(5) 兩者中較……的一個

　　the +比較級(+of+the+two+名詞)

　　This ample is the bigger of the two.

　　形容詞比較級的修飾語

　　可在形容詞的比較級前加a lot, a good deal, much, many, far, a bit, a little, slightly等

　　His illness is far more serious than we thought.

　　You look a bit happier now.

　　也可在比較級前加any, no, some, even, still 等

　　Do you feel any better today?

　　Their house is no bigger than ours.

　　還可在比較級前加表示數(shù)量的詞

　　My sister is half a head taller than me.

　　It was one-third cheaper than the market price.

　　形容詞最高級

　　主要表示“最”，修飾名詞，常有一短語與表示比較的范圍，前面一般加定冠詞the；副詞最高級修飾動詞，前面都不加the。

　　This is the best room in the hotel.

　　He was the most dangerous criminal in the country.

　　The poor people living in towns suffered worst.

　　注：在形容詞最高級單獨用作表語時，定冠詞the常可省略：

　　I think David’s plan is best.

　　East, west, home’s best.

　　無比較等級的形容詞和副詞：

　　表示比較、特殊意義的comparative (ly), relative (ly), particular (ly), special (ly), favorite等。

　　(2) 表示絕對意義的 absolute (ly), entire (ly), excellent (ly), total (ly), thorough (ly), whole (wholly)等。

　　(3) 表示大小、極限、主觀、上下等意義的extreme (ly), main, major, minor, senior, junior, chief (ly)等

　　(4) 表示性質(zhì)特征的economic, scientific, wooden, earthen, golden等。

　　(5) 表示獨一無二的、形狀的、強調(diào)的 only, matchless, round, square, very, own, simply, hardly, scarcely等。

　　典型例題

　　The form cannot be signed by anyone

　　____ yourself.

　　(2011全國I)

　　A. rather than

　　B. other than

　　C. more than

　　D. better than

　　【解析】句意為“這張表格只能由你本人簽字。”rather than而不；other than除了，相當于but和except；more than不僅僅；better than比…多、好。選B。

　　2. You’d be exposed to a lot _____ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water

　　and air.

　　(2011上海春招)

　　A. more

　　B. most

　　C. less

　　D. least

　　【解析】句意為“如果你們搬到空氣清新、水質(zhì)純凈的小鎮(zhèn)去，你們受到的污染將會少得多。”空格前的a lot修飾比較級more或less，根據(jù)后面的語意，選C。

　　3. In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _______.

　　(2011江蘇)

　　special

　　B．regional

　　C. optional

　　D．original

　　【解析】句意為“在那所學校，英語是學生的必修課，而法語和俄語是選修課。”special特別的，特意的；regional地區(qū)的，地方的；optional可選擇的；original原始的，最初的。句中由but進行轉(zhuǎn)折，由此可知法語和俄語不是必修課而是可以選修，所以正確答案為C。

　　7. — How are your recent trip to Sichuan? — I’ve never had ___ one before.

　　(2011四川)

　　a pleasant

　　B. a more pleasant

　　C. a most pleasant

　　D. the most pleasant

　　【解析】句意為“——最近你到四川的旅行怎么樣？——從來沒有這么愉快過。”否定詞never與a more pleasant連用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高級。the most pleasant是特指，需要有比較的范圍，但是這個范

　　圍并不存在。因此選B。

　　8. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ____ the

　　present one.

　　(2011陜西)

　　as three times big as

　　B. three times as big as

　　C. as big as three times

　　D. as big three times as

　　【解析】句意為“為下一屆亞運會而修建的體育館將會是目前的體育館三倍大小。”表示倍數(shù)的詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面，

　　即“倍數(shù) + as + adj + as”， 因此選B。

　　11. — The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.

　　— Why? It’s ____ than the films I have ever seen.

　　(2011江西)

　　far more interesting

　　B. much less interesting

　　C. no more interesting

　　D. any less interesting

　　【解析】句意為“——我得說，這部電影一點都不令人感興趣。——什么？這可比我看過的電影有趣得多了。”程度副詞可修飾形容詞比較級，放于比較級前。根據(jù)應答者用“Why?”進行的反問，選A。1. —Volunteering is becoming ___ popular in China.

　　(2010福建)

　　—Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.

　　A. naturally

　　B. successfully

　　C. splendidly

　　D. increasingly

　　2. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _____ journey. (2010上海)

　　A. three hour

　　B. a three-hours

　　C. a three-hour

　　D. three hours

　　3. Father ______ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there.

　　(2010湖南)

　　A. hardly

　　B. seldom

　　C. sometimes

　　D. never

　　4. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life ___ and more ___, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.

　　(2010江西)

　　A easily; efficient

　　B easier; efficient

　　C easy; efficiently

　　D easily; efficiently

　　5. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ___ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. (2010山東)

　　heavy

　　B. smooth

　　C. flexible

　　D. complex

　　6. People have always been ____ about exactly how life on earth began.

　　(2010天津)

　　A. curious

　　B. excited

　　C. anxious

　　D. careful

　　7. The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too

　　.

　　(2010四川)

　　small

　　B. few

　　C. 1arge

　　D. many

　　8. Studies show that people are more ____ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.

　　(2010陜西)

　　likely

　　B. possible

　　C. probable

　　D. sure

　　9. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never

　　been____.

　　(2010全國)

　　popular

　　B. more popular

　　C. most popular

　　D. the most popular

　　10. I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ____ said errors like this could be avoided.

　　(2010湖北)

　　merely

　　B. mostly

　　C. rarely

　　D. nearly

　　11. — What about my answer, sir?

　　— Sorry, it’s _____ wrong.

　　very

　　B. fairly

　　C. rather

　　D. quite

　　12. Although the country has had political independence for over a century, _____ it still needs the support of its neighbors.

　　naturally

　　B. economically

　　C. especially

　　D. luckily

　　13. — I was walking along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.