【人教大綱版】2024屆高考英語一輪復習精品學案:SBⅡ Units 3-4
SBⅡ Units 3-4
重點句型
1. It is also convenient to live close to your work.(SBⅡ U3)
住在離上班的地方近一點兒也是方便的。
convenient adj. 方便的;便利的
inconvenient 不方便的
(1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth.
對于某人干某事很方便
(2)if/when it is convenient to/for you
如果/當你方便時……
(3)sth. is convenient for/to…
適合的/方便的……
My house is convenient to/for the shopping center.
我的家靠近購物中心。
convenience n. 便利,方便
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的時候
注意:convenient 的主語不能是人,只能是物或事情,常用it 作形式主語。
?、資ou can come __________________(無論你什么時候方便).
?、贗f it is quite ______ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.
A. convenient
B. fair
C. easy
D. comfortable
【答案】
①whenever (it is) convenient to you
②A if it is convenient to/for you如果你方便的話。
2. A is to B what C is to D. (SBⅡ U3)
A對B而言正如C對D一樣。
=What C is to D, A is to B.
多種變化形式:
A is to B just as C is to D
=(Just)as C is to D, so is A to B
=What is C to D, that is A to B
?、賅e are to them __________________(就像魚兒和水一樣).
②Arms are to the body __________________(就像樹枝和樹的關系).
③Engines are to machines ______ hearts are to animals.
A. as
B. that
C. what
D. which
【答案】
①what fish are to water
②what branches are to the tree
③C 句意:發動機對于機器猶如心臟之于動物一樣。
課文原句高考對照
It is also convenient to live close to your work.
住在離工作的地方很近也是很方便的。
Would it be ______ for you to pick me up
at four o‘clock and take me to the airport?
(2008?山東卷)
A. free
B. vacant
C. handy
D. convenient
解析:選D。句意:你四點接我然后送我到
機場方便嗎?形容詞convenient的含義為“使
人感覺便利的”,而不是“感覺便利的”,
所以主語通常為形式主語it。
課文原句高考對照 課文原句高考對照
Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
如果給更多的時間,我們工作會做得更好。
______ the right kind of training, these
teenage soccer players may one day grow into
international stars.(2009?江西卷)
A. Giving
B. Having given
C. To give
D. Given
解析:選D。句意:如果給予他們正確的訓
練,這些10來歲的足球運動員或許在將來的
某一天會成長為國際巨星。given在此表示該
動作與句子主語之間的被動關系,相當于If
they are given the right kind of training…
課文原句高考對照 課文原句高考對照
Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
如果給更多的時間,我們工作會做得更好。
______ from the top of the tower, the south
foot of the mountain is a sea of
trees. (2010?陜
西卷)
A. Seen
B. Seeing
C. Having seen
D. To see
解析:選A。句意:從塔頂上看,在南面的山
腳下是一片樹的海洋?!?
語法精講
——非謂語動詞(分詞)
1.分詞作狀語的各種形式的考查;
2.分詞作賓語補足語的用法考查;
3.現在分詞與動名詞作定語的區別;
4.with+賓語+賓語補足語的考查;
5.獨立主格結構的考查。
分詞是非謂語形式的一種。分為現在分詞和過去分詞,既有動詞的特征,又有形容詞和副詞的特征,不能單獨充當謂語,在句中可充當定語、狀語、補語和表語。其否定形式為not+分詞。
下面講述這兩種分詞的特點及其句法功能。
現在分詞的構成是在動詞原形的詞末加-ing,它有一般式和完成式。一般式用來指和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生的行為;完成式(having+過去分詞)用來指在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生的動作,且有主動語態和被動語態。當句子的主語是分詞動作的承受者時,分詞用被動語態(being done);分詞的動作先于謂語動詞的動作,就用完成式的被動形式(having been done)。
過去分詞(done)的構成一般在動詞原形后面加-ed, 也有不規則形式,過去分詞只有一種形式,表被動或完成。
1.作定語
(1)不及物動詞的現在分詞作定語表達強調動作正在進行,過去分詞強調完成;及物動詞的現在分詞作定語強調主動,過去分詞強調被動。分詞的完成式一般不作定語。單個的分詞作定語一般前置;分詞短語、個別分詞如given、left等,修飾不定代詞等的分詞作定語時需后置。
the rising sun 東升的旭日a retired worker 退休的工人a girl sitting by the window
坐在窗邊的女孩no money left 沒有剩余的錢
(2)現在分詞與動名詞作定語的區別:
單個的動名詞作定語主要是說明被修飾詞的作用、意義等; 而單個的現在分詞作定語則主要是表示被修飾詞正在做什么。請看下面的比較:
動名詞作定語:
swimming pool ( the pool which is used for swimming) 游泳池
reading material 閱讀材料
walking stick 手杖
現在分詞作定語:
the sleeping child (the child who is sleeping) 熟睡的孩子developing countries 發展中國家running water 自來水
2.作狀語
分詞作狀語時,可以表示時間、原因、行為方式、伴隨狀況、結果等。分詞短語作狀語時,其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果分詞與句子的主語是主動關系,用doing表示與謂語動詞同時發生或進行的動作,用having done表示在謂語動詞之前發生的動作。如果分詞與句子的主語是被動關系,則用done
強調在謂語動詞之前發生的動作,也可用having been done。有時為了強調,分詞前面的連詞when, while, once, though, although, if, unless, until, even if/though 等需保留。
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.(時間)
讀書時,他不時地點頭。
Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. (條件)
如果給予更多的時間,我會猜出那個謎語。
The teacher came in, followed by some students. (伴隨或方式)
這位老師進來時后面跟著一些學生。
His parents died, leaving him an orphan. (結果)
他父母去世了,只剩他一個孤兒。
Even if invited, I won’t go.(讓步)
即使被邀請,我也不去。
3.作賓語補足語
當賓語與作賓語補足語的動詞之間是主動關系,而且動作正在進行之中,用現在分詞。如果是被動關系,一般應用過去分詞作賓語補足語。若將句子變為被動語態,賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。
(1)在感官動詞see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后。
I heard my mother calling me.
我聽到媽媽在喊我。
I heard my name called by my mother.
我聽到媽媽在喊我的名字。
He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind.
他感到有人從背后拉他的衣領。
He was seen going upstairs.(主語補足語)
有人看見他上樓。
(2)在使役動詞get, have, make, leave, keep等后。
I won’t have you talking to mother like that.
我不允許你那樣和母親說話。
He got/had/kept the machine working all the time.
他讓機器一直在工作。
He had his bike stolen yesterday.
他昨天丟了自行車。
They kept the fire burning.
他們讓火一直在燃燒。
The detective and his assistant kept/left themselves locked in the room all night.
這個偵探和他的助手把他們自己整晚鎖在房間里。
注意:動詞make后的賓語補足語可用不帶to的動詞不定式或動詞的-ed形式,但不可用動詞的-ing形式。
She spoke slowly to make herself understood.
她慢慢地說以便使自己被理解。
(3)在表希望、意愿的動詞want, wish, prefer, would like , should后用過去分詞作賓補,而不用現在分詞。
I want my opinion (to be) discussed after class.
我想把我的觀點放在課后討論。
4.作表語
現在分詞作表語,主語和它之間是主動關系,而過去分詞作表語時,它們之間是被動關系。
The story is encouraging.
這個故事令人振奮。
He was encouraged by the story.
他受到故事的鼓舞。
The leader was inspiring. (領導有感召力)
領導令人鼓舞。
That the father’s expression was disappointed showed that his son didn’t pass the examination. (指父親感到失望,這種感情體現在父親臉上)
父親無望的表情表明他的兒子沒通過考試。
5.作插入語
分詞作插入語,意思上的主語并不是句子的主語,不必遵循分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語一致的原則。有下列固定格式:
generally speaking一般說來
talking of (speaking of) 說道
strictly speaking 嚴格地說
judging from 從……判斷
all things considered 從整體來看
taking all things into consideration全面看來
allowing for 考慮到;顧及到
Judging from his accent, he must be from Canada.
從他的口音看,他一定來自加拿大。
All things considered, we are doing quite well.
綜合考慮,我們做得不錯。
6.“with+賓語(名詞/代詞)+賓語補足語”結構
這種結構在句中充當定語和狀語。當賓語與賓補之間是主動或主動進行關系時,就用現在分詞作賓補,如果它們之間是被動或被動完成關系時就用過去分詞。
He stood there with his hands raised.
他舉起手站在那兒。
With you helping me whenever I’m in trouble, I feel very obliged to you.
無論什么時候我有困難,你都幫助我,我十分感激你。
I have to go, with many friends waiting for me.
我得走了,有很多朋友在等我。
The goalkeeper left Japan with his flaws laid bare.
守門員離開日本時他的缺點暴露無遺。
注意:此結構還可用于以下形式:
with+名詞(代詞)+介詞短語/形容詞/副詞/不定式
Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door.
瑪麗坐在火爐旁邊,背朝著門。
He liked to sleep with the door open/closed.
他喜歡睡覺時開著門/關著門。
The man lived in a room with himself in.
這位男子一個人住在房間里。
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.
他去世時,女兒還是一名學生。
With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed. (不定式在此結構中表示動作未發生)
有了瑪麗的幫助,他一定會成功。
7.獨立主格結構
當分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同時,分詞前必須加上自己的主語,此結構被稱為獨立主格結構。
構成:名詞普通格或代詞主格+現在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語等。
注意:使用獨立主格結構是因為出現了與句子主語不一致的情況。
The weather(being)fine, we decided to go on an outing.
天氣放晴,我們決定去郊游。
There being no buses, we had to walk home.
因為沒有公交車,我們只得步行回家。
The teacher came in, (a) book in (his) hand.
老師進來了,手里拿著一本書。
Time permitting, we will go outing this weekend.
如果時間允許,我們這個周末出去。
He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.
他建議野餐,瑪麗帶食物。
The guests having taken their seats, the party began.
客人全部就座后,晚會開始。
() 1. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010·福建卷)
A. sending
B. to send
C. having sent
D. to have sent
A
表示與謂語動詞“were working”伴隨,且與句中主語是主動關系,故用sending。
() 2. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ______ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. (2010·浙江卷)
A. being weighed
B. to weigh
C. weighed
D. weighing
D
根據句子結構:主語:the traffic rule;謂語動詞:says;其后部分為賓語從句。動詞weigh與名詞children是主動關系,所以選擇weighing。句意:交通法則規定4歲以下并且體重不超過40磅的嬰兒必須坐在嬰兒安全座上。
() 3. ______ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. (2010·上海卷)
A. Approaching
B. Approached
C. To approach
D. To be approached
A
考查現在分詞作狀語,表示正在進行或主動的動作。此時分詞的邏輯主語就是主句的主語,因此要注意人稱、時態和語態的一致性。
( ) 4. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.(2010·全國卷Ⅰ)
A. to borrow
B. to be borrowed
C. borrowed
D. borrowing
C
句意:懷特女士給她的學生們展示了一些從圖書館借來的舊地圖。A、B項不定式表未發生的動作,放在句中語意不通;D項現在分詞表主動,顯然地圖不可能發出借的動作。
() 5. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories. (2010·上海卷)