2024屆高考英語一輪復習語法專項突破配套學案:第4講 動詞(短語)和介詞(短語)(北師大版)

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2024屆高考英語一輪復習語法專項突破配套學案:第4講 動詞(短語)和介詞(短語)(北師大版)

  第4講 動詞(短語)和介詞(短語)

  動詞(短語)

  [深化認知]

  一、常用動詞短語

  1.agree短語

  agree with同意某人的意見,(氣候、食物等)適合,與……相符

  agree on

  對……取得一致意見

  agree to

  同意(建議、看法、意見等)

  agree about

  對……有相同的看法

  2.bring短語

  bring up

  提出,養育,嘔吐

  bring down

  降低,打倒

  bring out

  帶來,促使,引起

  bring about

  引起,導致

  3.break短語

  break up

  打碎,結束,解散,垮掉

  break down

  分解,發生故障,失敗,毀掉,制服,崩潰

  break out

  (戰爭、火災等)爆發

  4.come短語

  come up with

  提出,想出

  come across

  偶遇

  come back

  回來,恢復,想起來

  come over

  過來,順便來訪

  come about

  發生

  come into

  進入,得到,繼承

  come out with

  說出,發表,出版

  come to

  總計,清醒過來

  5.call短語

  call out

  喚起,出動,大聲叫喚

  call on

  拜訪,號召

  call for

  要求,需要

  call off

  取消

  6.carry短語

  carry out

  實施,執行

  carry on

  繼續

  carry away

  拿走,使入迷

  carry off

  奪走,使喪命

  7.do短語

  do away with

  廢除

  do without

  沒有……也行

  do with

  處理,處置,對付

  8.drop短語

  drop out

  輟學,掉隊

  drop by

  順便來訪

  drop in (on/at)

  順便拜訪(某人/某地)

  9.get短語

  get over

  克服

  get away with

  僥幸成功,僥幸逃脫

  get through

  接通(電話),完成(工作),通過

  (考試)

  get across

  理解,度過

  get rid of

  除掉,去掉

  get along with

  與……相處,取得進展

  get down to

  開始(做)某事

  get along

  進展

  get on

  上車,進展,相處融洽

  get to

  到達

  get in

  收割

  get away

  拿走,逃脫,逃離,休假

  get off

  動身,從……下來,脫下

  get back

  回來,恢復,取回

  get into

  進入,學會,習慣于

  get down

  下來,取下,咽下,記下,使緊張不安

  10.give短語

  give away

  贈送,給予,背棄,泄露,分發

  give up

  放棄,辭去

  give off

  釋放,發出,放出(煙、光、熱等)

  give out

  用完,耗盡,分發,發放

  give in

  屈服,呈交

  11.go短語

  go by

  走過,經過,(時間)消逝,過去

  go away

  走開,離去

  go out

  熄滅,出去

  go over

  復習,過一遍,仔細檢查,審閱

  go on

  發生,進行,繼續

  go up

  上升,上漲,增長,攀登

  go after

  追求,追趕

  go through

  通過,瀏覽

  12.hold短語

  hold up

  舉起,阻止,延誤

  hold on

  等一等,不要掛斷電話

  hold off

  拖延,不接近

  hold out

  伸出,堅持下去,維持

  hold back

  退縮,躊躇,阻擋,控制住

  13.keep短語

  keep back

  后退,阻止,抑制,扣留(錢)

  keep down

  控制,鎮壓

  keep off

  不靠近,不提及,推遲

  keep out

  不得入內

  keep up

  保持,堅持,使(情緒等)不低落

  keep up with

  跟上,趕上

  keep away

  防范,不接近

  keep with

  陪伴

  keep an eye on

  照看,留意,密切注意

  14.leave短語

  leave out

  省去,遺漏,忽視,不考慮

  leave off

  停止

  leave behind

  遺留,忘記帶走

  leave alone

  不管,不理會

  15.look短語

  look about

  環顧

  look up

  仰望,查閱

  look at

  看

  look into

  調查

  look up to

  尊重

  look down upon

  輕視,看不起

  look forward to

  期盼

  look out

  當心,小心

  look after

  照顧

  look upon

  看待,把……看作

  look down

  俯視,往下看

  look through

  瀏覽,看穿

  look over

  檢查,查看

  16.make短語

  be made of

  由……制成(看出原材料)

  be made from

  由……制成(看不出原材料)

  make out

  分辨出,勉強認出,理解

  make up

  化妝,打扮,和解,配置,編造,虛構,構成,組成

  make sense

  有意義,有道理,講得通

  make the best/most of

  充分利用

  17.put短語

  put off

  推遲

  put down

  鎮壓,記下

  put on

  穿上,上演

  put up

  掛起,張貼,舉起,建立

  put away

  儲存

  put up with

  忍受

  put together

  把……放在一起,組合

  18.run短語

  run out

  耗盡

  run out of

  用完,用光

  run after

  追逐

  run across

  偶然遇到

  run for

  競選

  run over

  碾過

  run into

  偶然遇到,與……相撞

  19.set短語

  set about doing sth.

  著手/開始做某事

  set aside

  留出

  set down

  放下,記下,開始認真對待

  set off

  出發,啟程,引起爆炸,激起

  set out to do sth.

  開始做某事,著手做某事

  set up

  建立,開辦,豎起,支起

  20.take短語

  take off

  (飛機)起飛,脫掉,突然成名

  take out

  拿出,取出

  take away

  拿走

  take in

  吸收,接納,理解,欺騙

  take down

  取下來,拆毀,拆卸

  take up

  接受,從事,開始,占去(時間、空間、地位等)

  take after

  與某人相像

  take on

  呈現,雇用,承擔

  21.turn短語

  turn over

  移交

  turn on

  打開,取決于

  turn off

  關掉

  turn down

  關小,拒絕

  turn out

  結果是,培養出,生產

  turn to

  轉向,向……求助

  turn in

  上交

  turn around

  轉身,轉過來

  turn up

  調大,出現

  二、常用動詞的固定搭配

  account for

  解釋,占(比例)

  adapt to

  適應

  come straight to the point談正題,開門見山

  come to an end

  結束

  declare war on

  宣戰

  exchange ...for ...

  用……交換……

  make one's fortune

  發財

  keep in touch with

  與……保持聯系

  keep in shape保持健康

  rise to one's feet

  站起來

  take possession of占有,擁有

  cause damage to

  對……造成損害

  go in for

  愛好,參加,從事

  put up with

  容忍

  hold one's breath

  屏住呼吸

  take a deep breath

  深呼吸

  take advantage of

  利用,趁……之機

  get in/lose touch with

  與……取得/失去聯系

  get hold of

  掌握,抓住,得到

  give sb. support

  給某人支持

  put ...into practice

  將……付諸行動

  work out

  制定出,計算出

  [典題在線]

  Ⅰ.單句語法填空

  1.(2024·廣東高考語法填空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.

  2.(2024·遼寧高考語法填空)OK. Don't laugh at me. I may look funny.

  3.(2024·廣東高考語法填空)I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

  4.(2024·福建高考單選)As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can get hold of concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.

  5.(2024·秦皇島一模)Personally, I agree with the second group of people.

  6.(2024·開封一模)This evidence shows that ignoring the traffic regulations will bring about traffic accidents.

  7.(2024·長春一模)It is often the husband who gives in first when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple.

  8.(2024·濟南一模)That's good. I like to keep in shape, so I play a lot of sports.

  9.(2024·天津一模)I looked up

  and there on the headland was a little kid.

  Ⅱ.單句改錯

  1.(2024·南昌一模)I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree on everything. on→with

  2.(2024·大連一模)A quick search on the Internet will bring about dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free. about→up

  3.(2024·聊城一模)They succeeded in escaping from the burning building by breaking out the door. out→down

  4.(2024·渭南一模)I was amazed that he'd come up this sweet idea. up后加with

  5.(2024·陽泉一模)They call for people and the government to take measures to fight against the air pollution. for→on

  6.(2024·綿陽一模)This proves that as long as we have a strong will, we'll be able to get down any difficulty. down→over

  7.(2024·邯鄲一模)We will never give off, whatever they might do or say about our plan. off→in

  8.(2024·佳木斯一模)The old man went down all kinds of sufferings during the war. down→through

  9.Women are playing more and more

  important part in society — they hold back half the sky. back→up

  介詞(短語)

  [深化認知]

  一、常見介詞的用法

  1.on+名詞或動名詞,表示“一……就……”

  On his arrival he went straight to the counter and spoke to the clerk in uniform behind it.

  一到飯店,他就徑直往柜臺走去,并與柜臺后面穿制服的店員說話。

  2.to與情感名詞連用,表示“某種行為后產生的感覺”, to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret/...

  Much to our delight and satisfaction, the local government is trying to take strong measures to keep the price under control.

  令我們高興和滿意的是,當地政府正在采取強有力措施來控制物價。

  3.by

  (1)含有“到……的程度”的意思。

  This one is shorter than the other by three inches.

  這一個比那一個短三英寸。

  (2)表示買賣東西所用以計算的數或量,或付酬所用以計算的時間。

  Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.

  牛奶論品脫賣,黃油論磅賣,蛋類論打賣。

  (3)表示“按照……”或“根據……”的意思。

  By my watch, the time is half past eleven.

  按我的表,現在是十一點半。

  4.of與抽象名詞連用,表示的意義相當于對應的形容詞

  of+great/much+抽象名詞 = very+形容詞

  of+no+抽象名詞 = not+形容詞

  (2024·四川高考寫作)Besides, it is normal for me to feel nervous, because the exam is of great importance to me.

  況且,我感到緊張是正常的,因為這次考試對我來說非常重要。

  5.beyond

  (1)表示“(時間)過了,比……晚,遲于”。

  It's beyond midnight now. Is he still watching the football match?

  現在已經過了午夜了。他還在看足球賽嗎?

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