2024屆高考英語一輪復習語法專項突破配套學案:第4講 動詞(短語)和介詞(短語)(北師大版)
第4講 動詞(短語)和介詞(短語)
動詞(短語)
[深化認知]
一、常用動詞短語
1.agree短語
agree with同意某人的意見,(氣候、食物等)適合,與……相符
agree on
對……取得一致意見
agree to
同意(建議、看法、意見等)
agree about
對……有相同的看法
2.bring短語
bring up
提出,養育,嘔吐
bring down
降低,打倒
bring out
帶來,促使,引起
bring about
引起,導致
3.break短語
break up
打碎,結束,解散,垮掉
break down
分解,發生故障,失敗,毀掉,制服,崩潰
break out
(戰爭、火災等)爆發
4.come短語
come up with
提出,想出
come across
偶遇
come back
回來,恢復,想起來
come over
過來,順便來訪
come about
發生
come into
進入,得到,繼承
come out with
說出,發表,出版
come to
總計,清醒過來
5.call短語
call out
喚起,出動,大聲叫喚
call on
拜訪,號召
call for
要求,需要
call off
取消
6.carry短語
carry out
實施,執行
carry on
繼續
carry away
拿走,使入迷
carry off
奪走,使喪命
7.do短語
do away with
廢除
do without
沒有……也行
do with
處理,處置,對付
8.drop短語
drop out
輟學,掉隊
drop by
順便來訪
drop in (on/at)
順便拜訪(某人/某地)
9.get短語
get over
克服
get away with
僥幸成功,僥幸逃脫
get through
接通(電話),完成(工作),通過
(考試)
get across
理解,度過
get rid of
除掉,去掉
get along with
與……相處,取得進展
get down to
開始(做)某事
get along
進展
get on
上車,進展,相處融洽
get to
到達
get in
收割
get away
拿走,逃脫,逃離,休假
get off
動身,從……下來,脫下
get back
回來,恢復,取回
get into
進入,學會,習慣于
get down
下來,取下,咽下,記下,使緊張不安
10.give短語
give away
贈送,給予,背棄,泄露,分發
give up
放棄,辭去
give off
釋放,發出,放出(煙、光、熱等)
give out
用完,耗盡,分發,發放
give in
屈服,呈交
11.go短語
go by
走過,經過,(時間)消逝,過去
go away
走開,離去
go out
熄滅,出去
go over
復習,過一遍,仔細檢查,審閱
go on
發生,進行,繼續
go up
上升,上漲,增長,攀登
go after
追求,追趕
go through
通過,瀏覽
12.hold短語
hold up
舉起,阻止,延誤
hold on
等一等,不要掛斷電話
hold off
拖延,不接近
hold out
伸出,堅持下去,維持
hold back
退縮,躊躇,阻擋,控制住
13.keep短語
keep back
后退,阻止,抑制,扣留(錢)
keep down
控制,鎮壓
keep off
不靠近,不提及,推遲
keep out
不得入內
keep up
保持,堅持,使(情緒等)不低落
keep up with
跟上,趕上
keep away
防范,不接近
keep with
陪伴
keep an eye on
照看,留意,密切注意
14.leave短語
leave out
省去,遺漏,忽視,不考慮
leave off
停止
leave behind
遺留,忘記帶走
leave alone
不管,不理會
15.look短語
look about
環顧
look up
仰望,查閱
look at
看
look into
調查
look up to
尊重
look down upon
輕視,看不起
look forward to
期盼
look out
當心,小心
look after
照顧
look upon
看待,把……看作
look down
俯視,往下看
look through
瀏覽,看穿
look over
檢查,查看
16.make短語
be made of
由……制成(看出原材料)
be made from
由……制成(看不出原材料)
make out
分辨出,勉強認出,理解
make up
化妝,打扮,和解,配置,編造,虛構,構成,組成
make sense
有意義,有道理,講得通
make the best/most of
充分利用
17.put短語
put off
推遲
put down
鎮壓,記下
put on
穿上,上演
put up
掛起,張貼,舉起,建立
put away
儲存
put up with
忍受
put together
把……放在一起,組合
18.run短語
run out
耗盡
run out of
用完,用光
run after
追逐
run across
偶然遇到
run for
競選
run over
碾過
run into
偶然遇到,與……相撞
19.set短語
set about doing sth.
著手/開始做某事
set aside
留出
set down
放下,記下,開始認真對待
set off
出發,啟程,引起爆炸,激起
set out to do sth.
開始做某事,著手做某事
set up
建立,開辦,豎起,支起
20.take短語
take off
(飛機)起飛,脫掉,突然成名
take out
拿出,取出
take away
拿走
take in
吸收,接納,理解,欺騙
take down
取下來,拆毀,拆卸
take up
接受,從事,開始,占去(時間、空間、地位等)
take after
與某人相像
take on
呈現,雇用,承擔
21.turn短語
turn over
移交
turn on
打開,取決于
turn off
關掉
turn down
關小,拒絕
turn out
結果是,培養出,生產
turn to
轉向,向……求助
turn in
上交
turn around
轉身,轉過來
turn up
調大,出現
二、常用動詞的固定搭配
account for
解釋,占(比例)
adapt to
適應
come straight to the point談正題,開門見山
come to an end
結束
declare war on
宣戰
exchange ...for ...
用……交換……
make one's fortune
發財
keep in touch with
與……保持聯系
keep in shape保持健康
rise to one's feet
站起來
take possession of占有,擁有
cause damage to
對……造成損害
go in for
愛好,參加,從事
put up with
容忍
hold one's breath
屏住呼吸
take a deep breath
深呼吸
take advantage of
利用,趁……之機
get in/lose touch with
與……取得/失去聯系
get hold of
掌握,抓住,得到
give sb. support
給某人支持
put ...into practice
將……付諸行動
work out
制定出,計算出
[典題在線]
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.(2024·廣東高考語法填空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.
2.(2024·遼寧高考語法填空)OK. Don't laugh at me. I may look funny.
3.(2024·廣東高考語法填空)I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
4.(2024·福建高考單選)As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can get hold of concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
5.(2024·秦皇島一模)Personally, I agree with the second group of people.
6.(2024·開封一模)This evidence shows that ignoring the traffic regulations will bring about traffic accidents.
7.(2024·長春一模)It is often the husband who gives in first when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple.
8.(2024·濟南一模)That's good. I like to keep in shape, so I play a lot of sports.
9.(2024·天津一模)I looked up
and there on the headland was a little kid.
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1.(2024·南昌一模)I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree on everything. on→with
2.(2024·大連一模)A quick search on the Internet will bring about dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free. about→up
3.(2024·聊城一模)They succeeded in escaping from the burning building by breaking out the door. out→down
4.(2024·渭南一模)I was amazed that he'd come up this sweet idea. up后加with
5.(2024·陽泉一模)They call for people and the government to take measures to fight against the air pollution. for→on
6.(2024·綿陽一模)This proves that as long as we have a strong will, we'll be able to get down any difficulty. down→over
7.(2024·邯鄲一模)We will never give off, whatever they might do or say about our plan. off→in
8.(2024·佳木斯一模)The old man went down all kinds of sufferings during the war. down→through
9.Women are playing more and more
important part in society — they hold back half the sky. back→up
介詞(短語)
[深化認知]
一、常見介詞的用法
1.on+名詞或動名詞,表示“一……就……”
On his arrival he went straight to the counter and spoke to the clerk in uniform behind it.
一到飯店,他就徑直往柜臺走去,并與柜臺后面穿制服的店員說話。
2.to與情感名詞連用,表示“某種行為后產生的感覺”, to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret/...
Much to our delight and satisfaction, the local government is trying to take strong measures to keep the price under control.
令我們高興和滿意的是,當地政府正在采取強有力措施來控制物價。
3.by
(1)含有“到……的程度”的意思。
This one is shorter than the other by three inches.
這一個比那一個短三英寸。
(2)表示買賣東西所用以計算的數或量,或付酬所用以計算的時間。
Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.
牛奶論品脫賣,黃油論磅賣,蛋類論打賣。
(3)表示“按照……”或“根據……”的意思。
By my watch, the time is half past eleven.
按我的表,現在是十一點半。
4.of與抽象名詞連用,表示的意義相當于對應的形容詞
of+great/much+抽象名詞 = very+形容詞
of+no+抽象名詞 = not+形容詞
(2024·四川高考寫作)Besides, it is normal for me to feel nervous, because the exam is of great importance to me.
況且,我感到緊張是正常的,因為這次考試對我來說非常重要。
5.beyond
(1)表示“(時間)過了,比……晚,遲于”。
It's beyond midnight now. Is he still watching the football match?
現在已經過了午夜了。他還在看足球賽嗎?