2024屆廣東省廣州市高考英語一輪復習試題精選:單項填空(特殊句式)(含解析)
特殊句式
一、考點解讀
特殊句式主要指:省略、倒裝、強調、祈使、反意疑問句和主謂一致。其中高考考查的重點是省略、倒裝和強調結構。其主要考點依次是:
1. 省略句
(1)在時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當從句的主語跟主句的主語一致時,從句的主語可以省略,同時將從句的謂語動詞變為分詞形式。
(2)在時間、地點、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當從句的主語跟主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it,謂語是be動詞時,從句的主語、謂語可以省略。如:When/Where/If necessary…
(3)當句子的謂語部分省略時,若只用代詞代替句子,則需用代詞的賓格形式。
(4)當省略不定式的內容時,須保留to。
(5)注意not,so,neither的“替代性”省略。
2. 感嘆句、祈使句和反意疑問句
(1)what與how引導的感嘆句作為賓語從句出現在試題中,其難點有兩方面:一是復數名詞或不可數名詞前面用what還是how;二是感嘆句的語序。
(2)祈使句的主要考點:根據句式特點判斷是祈使分句還是狀語成分;祈使句+and/or+結果分句。
(3)反意疑問句主要考查主從復合句和并列句后面的反意疑問句。
3.倒裝句
(1)以then, now, thus, here, there, out, in, up, down, away開頭,謂語動詞多為go, come, follow, begin, end, be等, 主語又是名詞或名詞詞組,則用全部倒裝。若主語是代詞,則不能倒裝。
(2)當地點類介詞短語位于句首,且后有不及物動詞be, come, sit, live, stand, lie, exist等,主語又是名詞或名詞詞組時,常用全部倒裝。若主語是代詞,則不能倒裝。
(3)so/such…that句型中, so/such位于句首時, so/such后的主句倒裝, that從句不倒裝。
(4)在以never, seldom, not only, rarely, scarcely, in no way等否定或半否定詞開頭的句中用部分倒裝。
(5)only置于句首修飾狀語(副詞、介詞短語)或狀語從句等時用部分倒裝。
(6)在hardly…when, no sooner…than, not until句型以及as引導的讓步狀語中的倒裝。
(7)在省略了if的虛擬條件句中, were, had或should置于句首的倒裝。
(8)讓步狀語從句連詞though, as引起的形式倒裝。
(9)讓步狀語從句連詞however (no matter how)+adj./adv.引起的形式倒裝。
4. 強調句型
(1)強調句型的疑問句形式。
(2)not until… 的強調結構。
5. 主謂一致
主謂一致主要以單項填空的形式來測試語法一致的原則,意義一致的原則,就近一致的原則,同時還涉及動詞時態、語態和修飾等。高考試題一般不會單獨考查主謂一致,而是借助于時態、語態及句式(如倒裝句)等間接考查。
二、題例精講
()1. Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and________.
A.neither won‘t Tom B.Tom won't either
C.Tom will too
D.so will Tom
【解析】 B 本題考查否定結構。根據前面的“簡今晚不來吃晚飯了”,可知是一個否定結構,所以后面的句式也應該是否定形式。因此選B。neither won't Tom是雙重否定,表示肯定的含義。Tom will too, so will Tom都是表示肯定的句式。
()2.—It's nice. Never before______ such a special drink!
—I'm glad you like it.
A. I have had
B. I had
C. have I had
D. had I
【解析】 C 本題考查倒裝句。never位于句首,該句應用倒裝結構,又由語境可知該句應使用現在完成時。
()3. Only after
they had discussed the matter for several hours________ a decision.
A.they reached
B.did they
reach
C.they reach
D.do
they reach
【解析】 B 本題考查倒裝句。句中Only修飾時間狀語從句“after
they had discussed the matter for several hours”。“Only+狀語從句”置于句首,主句應該用部分倒裝結構,故排除A、C兩項。再結合狀語從句中的過去完成時可判斷該空應該用一般過去時,故選B。
()4.It's not what we do once in a while ________ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.
A.which
B.that
C.how
D.when
【解析】 B 本題考查強調句型。分析句子結構可知,題干為強調句型,被強調部分為what引導的主語從句。句意為:并非我們偶爾為之的事情塑造我們的生活,而是我們一貫之行造就我們的生活。
()5.It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
A. Otherwise
B. If not
C. But for that
D. If so
【解析】 D 考查省略句的用法。A項意為“否則”;B項意為“如果不”;C項意為“要不是那個”;D項意為“如果這樣的話”。根據句意“聽上去車的引擎出故障了。要是這樣的話,我們最好立刻把它送往修理廠。”可知選項D合適。
()6.Bring the flowers into a warm room ________they'll soon open.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. for
【解析】 B 本題考查特殊句式。祈使句 + and/ or + 簡單句,相當于“if …/ if not…, 主句”,根據語境“(如果)把這些花帶到溫暖的房間,它們會很快開放的”,因此選擇連詞and合適。
()7.________ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A. Which
B. What
C. How
D. Whether
【解析】 B 本題考查感嘆句的用法。根據句意“多么奇怪的植物!”,句中被感嘆的詞plant是名詞,因此用what。
()8.Only when he reached the tea-house ________ it was the same place he'd been in last year.
A.he realized
B.he did realize
C.realized he
D.did he realize
【解析】 D 本題考查倒裝結構。only位于句首,且修飾狀語,句子運用部分倒裝。
()9.One- third of the
country
________ covered
with
trees
and the majority of the citizens________ black people.
A.is; are
B.is; is
C.are; are
D.are; is
【解析】 A 本題考查主謂一致。“分數/the majority +of + the + 名詞”作主語,句子的謂語動詞的數與of后的名詞保持一致。故根據the country可判斷第一空填is;根據the citizens可判斷第二空填are。
()10.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do________ benefits our work most.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. what
【解析】 C 考查強調句型。所填詞與it is構成強調句型,被強調部分是not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do,指物,用that,選C。其余選項與題意不符。
()11. Was it on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
A.where
B.that
C.which
D.what
【解析】 B 本題考查強調句。此處強調的是句子的地點狀語on a lonely island,是強調句的一般疑問句句型:Was it + 被強調部分+ that +句子?句意:“他是不是在小船沉沒一個月后在一個孤島上被營救的?”
()12.—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course, I have. It was in our village ________it was made.
A.that
B.where
C.when
D.which
【解析】 A 考查強調句型。套用強調句型“It is/was … that …”可知A項正確,此處強調的是地點狀語in our village。
()13.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which________
saved for other purposes.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
【解析】 D 考查主謂一致。句意為:工廠用了65%的原材料,剩下的原材料被節省下來作其他用途。定語從句的主語為the rest of which,即the rest of the raw materials,可知從句的謂語應為復數,同時注意主從句時態的一致,故選D。
三、模擬試題
()1.________, Franks never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
A.As hard he tries
B.Try hard as he might
C.As hard as he tries
D.Try as hard as he might
【解析】 B 考查倒裝句。語意:盡管 Franks 盡力地去嘗試,但他似乎永遠不能把工作做得很讓人滿意。as 表示“盡管”,用來引導讓步狀語從句時,可用“動詞+(副詞)+ as+主語+助動詞”的特殊倒裝形式。
()2.Wasn't
it until Michael ran into me
________ he recognized I was once his partner?
A.then
B.when
C.which
D.that
【解析】 D 考查強調句型。本句是含有not…until…結構的強調句型的一般疑問句,高考試題往往避開考生熟悉的陳述句而采用疑問句來增加難度。
()3.Little ________ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A.did Rose care
B.Rose did care
C.Rose does care
D.does Rose care
【解析】 A 考查倒裝句。考生容易誤選B項,原因是忽略了否定詞位于句首要用倒裝的用法。little是具有否定意義的詞,位于句首時句子用部分倒裝句。
()4.I've tried very hard to improve my English, but by no means ________with my progress.
A.the teacher is not satisfied
B.is the teacher not satisfied
C.the teacher is satisfied
D.is the teacher satisfied
【解析】 D 考查倒裝句。考生容易誤選C項,原因是忽視了含有否定意義的短語位于句首要用倒裝的用法。表示否定意義的短語by no means位于句子的開頭,句子應該用部分倒裝。
()5.—________ you got the news that the rocket was sent up successfully?
—From the radio.
A.How was it that
B.How it was that
C.What was it that
D.What it was that
【解析】 A 考查強調句型。根據答語 “From the radio.”可知應用表示方式的疑問詞 how;該句是強調句的特殊疑問句式,語序應為特殊疑問詞+is/was it that+其他成分,故選A。
()6.—What's all that noise?
—Just in front of the bus ________ an injured man, all covered with blood.
A.where lies
B.lies
C.does lie
D.lying is
【解析】 B 考查倒裝句。當介詞短語置于句首且主語為名詞時,句子要使用全部倒裝語序,本題中謂語動詞 lies 直接提前。
()7.For a moment nothing happened, and then ________ all shouting together.
A.voices had come
B.came voices
C.voices would come
D.did voices come
【解析】 B 考查倒裝句。句意:有一會兒什么都沒有發生,然后傳來了眾人齊喊的聲音。以 then 引起的句子中,謂語動詞常為 be, come, go等,且主語為名詞,句子要用完全倒裝,故選B項。
()8.________it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.
A.Were
B.Would
C.Will
D.Should
【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。句意:如果明天下雨,我們將不得不取消足球比賽。前半句是對將來情況的虛擬,應用虛擬語氣,正常語序是“If it should rain tomorrow”,省略if后,要將should提到主語之前,引起倒裝。
()9.When people cut down big trees, new trees should be planted. ________ they will have no trees to cut down in the future.
A.If not
B.If so
C.If no so
D.If don't
【解析】 A 考查句子的省略。句意:當人們砍倒大樹時,應該種植新樹,不然的話,他們以后就沒有樹木可砍了。if not意為“如果不,不然”;if so意為“如果這樣的話”。
()10.________ she was standing and waiting for a bus that she caught sight of the former President Clinton.
A. It was while
B.As soon as
C.While
D.During the time when
【解析】 A 考查強調句型。判斷規則:若把it was和that去掉,并適當調整句子結構,句子仍然成立,則屬于強調句型;否則,不屬于強調句型。例如:it was in the street 和 that I met one of my old friends.根據判斷原則應該變為:I met one of my old friends in the street.句子成立,所以屬于強調句型。此處原句如下:While she was standing and waiting for a bus she caught sight of the former President Clinton.譯文:站著等公交車時,她看到了前總統克林頓。
()11.— You should have thanked the hostess before leaving.— I meant ________. But I couldn't find her when I was leaving.
A.to do
B.to
C.doing
D.doing so
【解析】 B 考查動詞不定式的省略。題中mean
to 表示“本打算要做某事”。動詞不定式的省略直接在動詞后保留動詞不定式符號to即可,故選B。
()12.________ can you expect to get a pay rise.
A.With hard work
B.Although work hard
C.Only with hard work
D.Now that he works hard
【解析】 C 考查倒裝句。從倒裝的主謂結構“can you expect”就能選出C。only在句首修飾狀語的時候要倒裝。
()13.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do.
A.When left
B.Leaving
C.If you leave
D.Leave
【解析】 D 考查“祈使句+and+陳述句”。題中前半句為祈使句,故應用動詞原形開頭,所以選D。
()14.He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until ________ to.
A.
spoken
B.speaking
C.to speak
D.spoke
【解析】 A 考查句子的省略。根據情景譯文如下:他是一個寡言少語的人,他很少跟別人講話,除非別人跟他說話。他是被動說話,所以用被動語態。從句主語與主句主語都是He,選項中只有A項動詞的過去分詞表“被動”概念,故A為正確答案。