遼寧省撫順縣高中高三英語人教版語法專項復習：it 用法

　　高考英語一輪復習語法專項---------it 用法

　　一、it作人稱代詞

　　用來指代前文中提到的東西。既可指代具體的東西，也可指代一種情況。請看下面的例子

　　1）I hear you bought a new bike，can you show it to me？

　　2）If I can stop her coming to you，I shall do it．

　　3）—I want to stay here for a night．

　　—Your wife won't like it

　　此時要注意與其他代詞如that，one， those，this，another等的區別：

　　1．I hear you bought a new bike，I want to buy _______ ，too．此處應填one，因為這里我并不是要買你的車，而是一輛新車，one ＝a new bike。

　　2．I have bought a new bike，but I still want to buy _______ ．此處應填another。我已有了一輛，再買另一輛。another ＝another new bike。

　　3．We see him when we come to town， but _______ isn't often．此處填that或it均可。指代前面我們去城里時可以看到他這一情況。

　　4．My seat is next to _______

　　of the headmaster．此處應填that，用來代替名詞seat，that＝the seat。

　　5．The bikes made this year are better than _______ made last years．此處應填those或the ones。代替前文的bikes，因其是復數概念，故用those或the ones，those ／the ones＝the bikes。

　　2.也可以指動物Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.

　　3用來指代人。說明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代嬰兒或兒童；在不清楚某人性別時，也可使用?it，尤其在問答的形式中更為常見。例如：?? 1.It?is?my?turn．???輪到我了。1.①. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that .....He happened to meet his teacher in the street. He seems to enjoy pop songs very much.

　　5.it代替連接代詞或連接副詞引導的從句作形式主語

　　（1）It is known（not decided，not made clear，found out，discussed，being discussed，being considered，a question，uncertain等）＋連接代詞或連接副詞引導的從句。

　　It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet．

　　我們將什么時候舉行運動會還是一個問題。

　　It is uncertain whether he can attend this conference or not．

　　他能否來開會還不能確定。

　　（2）It doesn't matter（It's no wonder；It doesn't make too much difference等）＋連接代詞或連接副詞引導的從句。

　　It doesn't matter whether we go together or separately．我們一起去還是分開去都可以。

　　It is no wonder why he came here too late．他為什么來這么晚不足為怪

　　(二)作形式主語替代不定式　 1. ①. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 該句型中的不定式短語是真正主語，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由 of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。 常見的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教養的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（錯誤的）等。 這個句型可以改寫為：sb. is kind to do sth. 。　 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. ②. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 該句型與上一個同屬一個句型，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由for引起，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的形容詞。 常見的形容詞有：① important， necessary， natural ② easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant等。 =在①中的形容詞作表語可以用從句改寫， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. 2.It takes sb. ... to do sth. 該句型中的不定式是真正的主語，it是形式主語，句型中的直接賓語是時間，常譯為＂做．．．要花費某人．．．＂。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. (三) 作形式主語替代ing形式 It is no good / no use/useless doing sth. 該句型中的真正主語是動名詞短語 It is no good learning English without speaking English. It's useless trying to argue with Shylock. 五、作形式賓語，代替不定式，ing形式，賓語從句。 1.?We think it important to learn a foreign language. 該句型中的it 作形式賓語，為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為"6123結構"。 6指主句中常用的動詞：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式賓語it；2指的是賓補的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞； 3指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式短語，動名詞短語或that等引導的賓語從句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. 　 They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.

　　The professor thinks it no good reading without understanding.

　　The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.

　　2. 在like, dislike, hate, love, take, appreciate, depend on, see to(處理)，insist on，help等動詞后，形式賓語it后可直接跟賓語從句。此時，it表模糊概念，指代后面所敘述的內容。

　　You may depend on it that I shall always support you.

　　I hate it when people laugh at the disabled.

　　I will appreciate it if you can help me with my English. 六、it的重要句型 1.強調句 ① It is/was? + 被強調部分 + that/who ... 該句型是強調句型。將被強調的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被強調部分可以是主語，賓語，表語或狀語，強調的主語如果是人，that可以由who換用。如果把這種句型結構劃掉后，應該是一個完整無缺的句子；這也是判斷強調句型與其它從句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was yesterday that I met her in the street. It is you that /who are wrong. I think it was Jack said this.(其中省略了who 或that) What is it you want me to do?(it 后省略了that) ②It is not until + 被強調部分 + that ... 該句型也是強調句型。主要用于強凋時間狀語，譯成漢語＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以說是 not ... until ... 的強調形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

　　強調句型的兩種變形形式： 一般疑問句形式：Is/?Was?it?…?that…?? 特殊疑問句形式：Who/?Whom?/When/?When?等?+?is/?was?it?that?…?1)Was?it?in?1979?______?the?American?astronaut?succeeded?______?landing?on?the?moon???(上海?94) A.?when;?on?????B.?that;?on????C.?when;?in????D.?that;?in????(Key:?D) 2）Was?______?that?I?saw?last?night?at?the?concert?????(上海?95) A.?it?you????B.?not?you??????C.?you??????D.?that?yourself????(Key:?A) 3）Who?was?it?that?you?met?in?the?street?yesterday??昨天你在街上遇到的是誰？ Where?was?it?that?you?met?Jack?yesterday??你昨天是在哪里遇到杰克的？It?was?five?o'clock?in?the?afternoon?_____?they?climbed?up?to?the?top?of?the?mountain．It?was?at?five?o'clock?in?the?afternoon?_____?they?climbed?up?to?the?top?of?the?mountain．A．since????B．when?????C．that????D．until??/has beem＋一段時間＋ since-clause

　　這個句型表示從since從句謂語動作發生以后到現在或過去所經過的一段時間，意為“自從……以來已多久了”since 從句后用一般過去時，例如：

　　It is／has been three years since his father passed away．他父親去逝已經有三年了。

　　It is/has been fifteen years since she left Shanghai．她離開上海已經15年了 4. ①It is time ( about time ，high time ) that ... 該句型中that 后的從句應該用虛擬語氣，常用一般過去時態表示虛擬． It is time that children went to bed. It is time you bought a new car. It is (high ) time you made up your mind. ②It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 該句型要和上一個句型區別開來，該句型中的 that 從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態，。至于用什么完成時態，由主句的謂語動詞的時態決定。如果是一般現在時，后面從句用現在完成時態；如果是一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態，該結構中 that 可以省去；it有時用 this 替換．常譯為＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.

　　It was the fifth time（that）I had paid a friendly visit to Africa．

　　5．It ＋be的適當形式＋一段時間＋before-clause

　　這個句型中的時間一般為表示一段時間的詞語（如：long，years，months，weeks，days ， hours，minutes），主句中的謂語動詞用肯定式，意為“過多長時間才……”。主句的謂語動詞是否定式時，意為“沒過多長時間就……”。主句的時態可用過去時was或將來時 will be；用was時，before從句的動詞用一般過去時；用will be時，before從句常用一般現在時。例如：

　　It was not long before she learned those poems by heart ．她沒過多久就背會了那些詩歌。

　　It was long before the police arrived．過了很久警察才來。

　　It will be hours before he makes a decision．要過好幾個小時他才會作出決定。

　　It will not be hours before we meet again．要不了幾個小時我們還會再見面的。

　　6. It looks ( seems ) as if ... 該句型中it無意義， as if 引導一個狀語從句。常譯為，＂看起來好象．．．＂如果與事實不相符合，則用虛擬語氣。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）　 It looks as if he were ill. （沒有生病） It seemed as if he were dying. It looks as if it hasn't been washed following the instructions.

　　It用法及代詞高考真題

　　1.We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made______ from some wood we had. （2004全國III） A it

　　B one C himself

　　D another

　　2.The Foreign Minister said, “______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京)

　　A. This is

　　B. There is C. That is

　　D. It is

　　3. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say?（2004上海）

　　A. What is it that

　　B. What it is that

　　C. How is it that

　　D. How it is that

　　4．It was with great joy _____ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. （2004福建）

　　A．because B．which C．since D．that

　　5．It was ______back home after the experiment .（2004湖北）

　　A．not until midnight did he go

　　B．until midnight that he didn’t go

　　C．not until midnight that he went

　　D．until midnight when he didn’t go

　　6.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ______ I’m talking to. （2004廣東）

　　A. who is it

　　B. who it is

　　C. it is who

　　D. it is whom

　　7. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately____ couldn’t spare me even one minute. (2004重慶)

　　A. they B. one C. who D. it

　　8. We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have_____one this month.? （天津） A. the other??????????? B. some???????????????? C. another????????????? D. other

　　We haven’t enough books for _____; some of you will have to share .

　　A．somebody

　　B．anybody

　　C．everybody

　　D．nobody

　　10．（2005全國I）The chairman thought _____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting .A．that

　　B．it

　　C．this

　　D．him

　　11.(2005全國II)The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ______ didn’t help.

　　A it B she C which D he

　　12.(2005上海)No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of_________.

　　A. others

　　B. the other C. either

　　D. another

　　13.(2005上海) There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ______ ? A. wasn’t there

　　B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it

　　14.(2005天津) I prefer a flat in Inverness to _______in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom' s

　　A. one

　　B. that

　　C. it

　　D. this

　　15．（2005福建）I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _____of them answered it.

　　A．either B．none C．neither D．nobody

　　16.(2005重慶)

　　— Victor certainly cares too much about himself.

　　— Yes. He’s never interested in what ______ is doing.

　　A. no one else

　　B. anyone else

　　C. someone else

　　D. nobody else

　　17．（2005湖南）You will find as you read this book that you just can't keep some of these stories to ______. You will want to share them with a friend.

　　A. itself

　　B. yourself

　　C. himself

　　D. themselves

　　18.(2005湖北)First，it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from _______.

　　A．everyone else

　　B．the other

　　C．someone else

　　D．the rest

　　19．(2005湖北)30．He hasn’t slept at all for three days．_______he is tired out．

　　A．There is no point

　　B．There is no need

　　C．It is no wonder

　　D．It is no wonder

　　20．（2005浙江）We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found ______ we like yet.

　　A one B ones C it D them

　　21.(2005江西) Cars do cause us some health problems---in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do.

　　A．one B．ones C．it D．those

　　22.(2005安徽) I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re taking me for ______.

　　A. some other

　　B. someone else

　　C. other person

　　D. one other

　　23.(2005江蘇) I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than________ in the city.

　　A. ones

　　B. one

　　C. that

　　D. those

　　24.?Both sides have accused of breaking the contract ___.? （上海春） A. another ?????? B. the other ??????? C. neither ?????? D. each?????______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(2004全國卷I)

　　A this B that C it D one

　　26.That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after______ he’s done for you.

　　A something b anything C all D that(2004全國卷II)

　　27.— One week’s time has been wasted.

　　— I can’t believe we did all that work for_____ . (2004重慶)

　　A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything

　　28.I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but ______ of them came.(2004北京)

　　A neither B either C none D both

　　29. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately___couldn’t spare me even one minute.(2004重慶)

　　A. they B. one C. who D. it

　　30.It is easy to do the repair. ______ you need is a hammer and some nails.(2004天津)

　　A Something B All C Both D Everything

　　31. I had to buy _________ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.

　　A. both

　　B. none

　　C. neither

　　D. all(2004上海)

　　32．I have done much of the work . Could you please finish____ in two days ?(2004遼寧)

　　A．the rest

　　B．the other

　　C．another

　　D．the others

　　33. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will________.(2004江蘇)

　　A. anyone

　　B. anyone else

　　C. no one

　　D. no one else

　　34. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______.(2004浙江)

　　A. none

　　B. either

　　C. any

　　D. each

　　35. Playing tricks on others is _____

　　we should never do.（2004湖南）

　　A. anything

　　B. something

　　C. everything

　　D. nothing

　　36. She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got______to talk to.(2004廣東)

　　A. anyone

　　B. someone

　　C. everyone

　　D. no one

　　37.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.（湖南）A. this????B. that????????????? ?C. one????????????? ?D. it

　　38.If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night.（全國I） A. so???????????? B. that????????? C. it????????????? D. them .I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.（山東） A. that?? B. it?? C. this?? D. you ._______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.（浙江） A. As ?B. That?C. This?D. It He was told that it would be at least three more months ___________he could receover and retum to work. [2007 江西卷] A.when

　　B.before

　　C.since

　　D.that

　　42. ___ felt funny watching myself on TV. [2007 全國卷II] A. One B. This C. It D. That

　　There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and bottow _______ ?

　　—No, I’d rather buy _____in the bookstore. [2007 陜西卷]

　　A.it;one