2024屆高考英語(yǔ)高頻詞匯舉例解析(5)
◆ raise; keep; support; feed 這四個(gè)詞都有“撫養(yǎng)”、“養(yǎng)家”、“贍養(yǎng)”的意思,但也有區(qū)別。 ?????
raise意為“撫養(yǎng)(指人);飼養(yǎng)(指動(dòng)物或禽畜)”之意。如: ????? He raised the children himself;his wife died years ago. ????? 他的妻子多年以前就去世了,他一手把孩子拉扯大。 ????? He raised those goats from new-born kids.那些羊從小羊羔時(shí)就是他喂養(yǎng)的。 ?????
keep表示“養(yǎng)活(指人);飼養(yǎng)(指動(dòng)物或禽畜)”。如: ????? John has his wife and six children to keep(support).約翰要養(yǎng)活妻子和六個(gè)孩子。 ????? They kept some hens and pigs.他們養(yǎng)了一些雞和豬。 ????? ? support意為“養(yǎng)活”,不用于飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。如: ????? She supports her old mother.她贍養(yǎng)老母親。 ????? He has a large family to support.他要養(yǎng)活一大家子。 ?????
feed意為“喂 養(yǎng) ;飼養(yǎng);以……為食”。如: ????? Have you fed the baby/cow yet?嬰兒/牛喂了嗎? ????? She fed meat to her dog. =She fed her dog with/on meat.她用肉喂狗。 ????? Foxes feed on small animals.狐貍以小動(dòng)物為食。 ?????
rather than/would rather(…than) ?????
rather than是連詞,前后兩端所連的詞性是一致的,通常譯為“而不是”或“與其說(shuō)是……不如說(shuō)是”,有時(shí)可用短語(yǔ)介詞instead of替代。例如: ????? He was writing a letter rather than=(instead of)reading the newspaper.他那時(shí)正在寫(xiě)信而不在看報(bào)紙。 ????? John should go rather than=(instead of)Jean.應(yīng)該去的是約翰,而不是簡(jiǎn)。?? ????? These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.這些鞋子談不上漂亮,但穿起來(lái)倒很舒服。 ????? Evans is a doctor rather than a teacher.與其說(shuō)埃文斯是個(gè)老師,不如說(shuō)是個(gè)醫(yī)生。 ?????
would rather表示選擇或主觀上的愿望,其中的would亦可理解為had。它表示“寧愿、寧可”的意思。如果要把取舍的雙方都表達(dá)出來(lái),則應(yīng)該用would(or:had)rather…than,表示“寧愿……也不……”的意思。例如:? ????? My aunt invited me to the film, but I said I'd rather go on a picnic with the girls.?? ????? 我的姑媽邀請(qǐng)我去看電影,可是我說(shuō)我倒愿意跟女孩子們一起去野餐。?? ????? I am sure they would(or:had)rather die than give up.我深信他們一定會(huì)寧死不屈。 ?????
refer to; refer…to ◇ refer to意為“談及”,“提到”;“查閱”,“參考”。如: ????? You are the very person I referred to just now.你正是我剛才所指的人。 ????? Please refer to the map of the city when you first drive here. 當(dāng)你第一次在這兒駕駛時(shí),請(qǐng)參看市政地圖。 ?????
refer…to意為“把……提交給”,“把……歸功于”“讓……處理/查找”,可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: ????? The dispute was referred to the United Nations.爭(zhēng)端被提交聯(lián)合國(guó)解決。 ????? He referred me to the notes.他建議我參看一下注釋。 ????? We referred our great development to the correct leadership of the Party. ????? 我們把我們所取得的巨大發(fā)展歸功于黨的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 ?????
reply;answer ?????
二者均可表示“回答”,可作名詞和動(dòng)詞。answer 為一般用語(yǔ),主要用于對(duì)問(wèn)題、指責(zé)等的回答;reply的用法較正式,多用于對(duì)問(wèn)題作出解釋、辯論或陳述性回答。二者作名詞時(shí)都指“……的答案或答復(fù)”,均與 to 連用。例如: ????? Answer this question.回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 ????? I asked her the reason, but she didn’t reply.?? 我問(wèn)她為什么,她卻不回答。 ????? I received no reply / answer to my request.?? 我的要求沒(méi)有收到任何答復(fù)。 ?????
answer 后面可直接跟賓語(yǔ),而reply 跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)須與 to 連用;answer 可表示對(duì)電話、敲門等作出的“應(yīng)答”,reply 則不能。例如: ????? You must reply to/answer this letter right away. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)馬上回復(fù)這封信。 ????? Who answered the telephone? 誰(shuí)接的電話? ?????
如果是指練習(xí)題的“答案”,一般用 answer。例如: ????? The answer to 6×10 is 60.?? 6乘以10 的答案是60。 ?????
reporter; journalist ◇ reporter=news reporter“資訊記者”,特指外出采訪的記者。 journalist“記者”泛指資訊工作者,如報(bào)紙的編輯、采訪記者、攝影記者都可以叫journalist。 ?????
road/street/way/path road意為“路”,“道路”,指供車輛或人通過(guò)的廣闊平坦的大道,常指“公路”,“馬路”等,兩側(cè)一般沒(méi)有建筑物。例如: ????? Jim and Li Lei meet on the road.吉姆和李雷在路上相遇。 ????? The car is running along the road.汽車沿著這條路行駛。 ?????
street指城鎮(zhèn)、鄉(xiāng)村兩旁有建筑物的“街道”。“在街上”可以說(shuō)on the street,也可以說(shuō)in the street,前者是美國(guó)英語(yǔ),后者是英國(guó)英語(yǔ)。例如: ????? Go along the street,and take the third turning on the right.沿著大街走,在第三個(gè)路口往右拐。There are many shops in the street. 街上有許多商店。 ?????
way意為“道路”,指street,road或任何可以通行的路,含義較抽象。口語(yǔ)中問(wèn)路時(shí)常用way。way還可指路程距離。例如: How can I get there? I don't know the way. 我怎么能到達(dá)那里?我不知道路。?? ????? I asked the way to the station.我打聽(tīng)去車站的路。?? ????? It was a long way from here. 它離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。 ?????
path通常指“小路、小徑”,只供人行走的路,可以是人們踐踏而成的路,如山中、林間的羊腸小道;也可以指公園、田間的小路,還可以指供人或事物移動(dòng)的“路線”等。例如: ????? They walked along the path across the field.他們沿著穿越田野的路走去。 ?????
room;place;space ?????
room有兩層含義,一為“房間”,是可數(shù)名詞;二表示人或物體所占的“空間或場(chǎng)所”、處事的“余地”等意思,是不可數(shù)名詞,可用little,much,no,plenty等詞修飾。可構(gòu)成make room for給……讓出地方;take up room占地方;leave room for留出空間給……等短語(yǔ)。 ?????
place指人們從事各種活動(dòng)的“地方,場(chǎng)所,位置”,是可數(shù)名詞,常用的短語(yǔ)有take one’s place就坐,入席;in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?????? space意為“空間”,是不可數(shù)名詞,表示萬(wàn)物存在之處;作“空隙、空白”解時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。 ????? [EXERCISES] ????? 1.There isn’t ____ in the classroom for thirty desks. ????? 2.Wuhan’s a hot ____ in summer. ????? 3.There is ____ in improvement in your work. ????? ANSWER: 1.space/room? 2.place? 3.room ?????
run away/run after/ run through run away意為“逃走;逃跑;溜掉”等。 run after意為“追趕;追逐;尋找;搜尋”等。 run through意為“穿過(guò);流過(guò)”等。 ????? [EXERCISES] ????? The dog?? the hare(野兔)now.? The river?? the village.? When the policeman arrived,the thief?? .? (Keys:is running after ②runs through ③had run away) ?????
run out; run out of ◇ run out of表示“某人用完某物”,相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,后面可接賓語(yǔ),并可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。如: We are running out of fuel.我們的燃料快用完了。
2run out指“某物用完了”,為不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: The fuel was rapidly running out.燃料很快就要用完了。 Time is running out.時(shí)間快到了。
◆ raise; keep; support; feed 這四個(gè)詞都有“撫養(yǎng)”、“養(yǎng)家”、“贍養(yǎng)”的意思,但也有區(qū)別。 ?????
raise意為“撫養(yǎng)(指人);飼養(yǎng)(指動(dòng)物或禽畜)”之意。如: ????? He raised the children himself;his wife died years ago. ????? 他的妻子多年以前就去世了,他一手把孩子拉扯大。 ????? He raised those goats from new-born kids.那些羊從小羊羔時(shí)就是他喂養(yǎng)的。 ?????
keep表示“養(yǎng)活(指人);飼養(yǎng)(指動(dòng)物或禽畜)”。如: ????? John has his wife and six children to keep(support).約翰要養(yǎng)活妻子和六個(gè)孩子。 ????? They kept some hens and pigs.他們養(yǎng)了一些雞和豬。 ????? ? support意為“養(yǎng)活”,不用于飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。如: ????? She supports her old mother.她贍養(yǎng)老母親。 ????? He has a large family to support.他要養(yǎng)活一大家子。 ?????
feed意為“喂 養(yǎng) ;飼養(yǎng);以……為食”。如: ????? Have you fed the baby/cow yet?嬰兒/牛喂了嗎? ????? She fed meat to her dog. =She fed her dog with/on meat.她用肉喂狗。 ????? Foxes feed on small animals.狐貍以小動(dòng)物為食。 ?????
rather than/would rather(…than) ?????
rather than是連詞,前后兩端所連的詞性是一致的,通常譯為“而不是”或“與其說(shuō)是……不如說(shuō)是”,有時(shí)可用短語(yǔ)介詞instead of替代。例如: ????? He was writing a letter rather than=(instead of)reading the newspaper.他那時(shí)正在寫(xiě)信而不在看報(bào)紙。 ????? John should go rather than=(instead of)Jean.應(yīng)該去的是約翰,而不是簡(jiǎn)。?? ????? These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.這些鞋子談不上漂亮,但穿起來(lái)倒很舒服。 ????? Evans is a doctor rather than a teacher.與其說(shuō)埃文斯是個(gè)老師,不如說(shuō)是個(gè)醫(yī)生。 ?????
would rather表示選擇或主觀上的愿望,其中的would亦可理解為had。它表示“寧愿、寧可”的意思。如果要把取舍的雙方都表達(dá)出來(lái),則應(yīng)該用would(or:had)rather…than,表示“寧愿……也不……”的意思。例如:? ????? My aunt invited me to the film, but I said I'd rather go on a picnic with the girls.?? ????? 我的姑媽邀請(qǐng)我去看電影,可是我說(shuō)我倒愿意跟女孩子們一起去野餐。?? ????? I am sure they would(or:had)rather die than give up.我深信他們一定會(huì)寧死不屈。 ?????
refer to; refer…to ◇ refer to意為“談及”,“提到”;“查閱”,“參考”。如: ????? You are the very person I referred to just now.你正是我剛才所指的人。 ????? Please refer to the map of the city when you first drive here. 當(dāng)你第一次在這兒駕駛時(shí),請(qǐng)參看市政地圖。 ?????
refer…to意為“把……提交給”,“把……歸功于”“讓……處理/查找”,可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: ????? The dispute was referred to the United Nations.爭(zhēng)端被提交聯(lián)合國(guó)解決。 ????? He referred me to the notes.他建議我參看一下注釋。 ????? We referred our great development to the correct leadership of the Party. ????? 我們把我們所取得的巨大發(fā)展歸功于黨的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 ?????
reply;answer ?????
二者均可表示“回答”,可作名詞和動(dòng)詞。answer 為一般用語(yǔ),主要用于對(duì)問(wèn)題、指責(zé)等的回答;reply的用法較正式,多用于對(duì)問(wèn)題作出解釋、辯論或陳述性回答。二者作名詞時(shí)都指“……的答案或答復(fù)”,均與 to 連用。例如: ????? Answer this question.回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 ????? I asked her the reason, but she didn’t reply.?? 我問(wèn)她為什么,她卻不回答。 ????? I received no reply / answer to my request.?? 我的要求沒(méi)有收到任何答復(fù)。 ?????
answer 后面可直接跟賓語(yǔ),而reply 跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)須與 to 連用;answer 可表示對(duì)電話、敲門等作出的“應(yīng)答”,reply 則不能。例如: ????? You must reply to/answer this letter right away. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)馬上回復(fù)這封信。 ????? Who answered the telephone? 誰(shuí)接的電話? ?????
如果是指練習(xí)題的“答案”,一般用 answer。例如: ????? The answer to 6×10 is 60.?? 6乘以10 的答案是60。 ?????
reporter; journalist ◇ reporter=news reporter“資訊記者”,特指外出采訪的記者。 journalist“記者”泛指資訊工作者,如報(bào)紙的編輯、采訪記者、攝影記者都可以叫journalist。 ?????
road/street/way/path road意為“路”,“道路”,指供車輛或人通過(guò)的廣闊平坦的大道,常指“公路”,“馬路”等,兩側(cè)一般沒(méi)有建筑物。例如: ????? Jim and Li Lei meet on the road.吉姆和李雷在路上相遇。 ????? The car is running along the road.汽車沿著這條路行駛。 ?????
street指城鎮(zhèn)、鄉(xiāng)村兩旁有建筑物的“街道”。“在街上”可以說(shuō)on the street,也可以說(shuō)in the street,前者是美國(guó)英語(yǔ),后者是英國(guó)英語(yǔ)。例如: ????? Go along the street,and take the third turning on the right.沿著大街走,在第三個(gè)路口往右拐。There are many shops in the street. 街上有許多商店。 ?????
way意為“道路”,指street,road或任何可以通行的路,含義較抽象。口語(yǔ)中問(wèn)路時(shí)常用way。way還可指路程距離。例如: How can I get there? I don't know the way. 我怎么能到達(dá)那里?我不知道路。?? ????? I asked the way to the station.我打聽(tīng)去車站的路。?? ????? It was a long way from here. 它離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。 ?????
path通常指“小路、小徑”,只供人行走的路,可以是人們踐踏而成的路,如山中、林間的羊腸小道;也可以指公園、田間的小路,還可以指供人或事物移動(dòng)的“路線”等。例如: ????? They walked along the path across the field.他們沿著穿越田野的路走去。 ?????
room;place;space ?????
room有兩層含義,一為“房間”,是可數(shù)名詞;二表示人或物體所占的“空間或場(chǎng)所”、處事的“余地”等意思,是不可數(shù)名詞,可用little,much,no,plenty等詞修飾。可構(gòu)成make room for給……讓出地方;take up room占地方;leave room for留出空間給……等短語(yǔ)。 ?????
place指人們從事各種活動(dòng)的“地方,場(chǎng)所,位置”,是可數(shù)名詞,常用的短語(yǔ)有take one’s place就坐,入席;in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?????? space意為“空間”,是不可數(shù)名詞,表示萬(wàn)物存在之處;作“空隙、空白”解時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。 ????? [EXERCISES] ????? 1.There isn’t ____ in the classroom for thirty desks. ????? 2.Wuhan’s a hot ____ in summer. ????? 3.There is ____ in improvement in your work. ????? ANSWER: 1.space/room? 2.place? 3.room ?????
run away/run after/ run through run away意為“逃走;逃跑;溜掉”等。 run after意為“追趕;追逐;尋找;搜尋”等。 run through意為“穿過(guò);流過(guò)”等。 ????? [EXERCISES] ????? The dog?? the hare(野兔)now.? The river?? the village.? When the policeman arrived,the thief?? .? (Keys:is running after ②runs through ③had run away) ?????
run out; run out of ◇ run out of表示“某人用完某物”,相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,后面可接賓語(yǔ),并可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。如: We are running out of fuel.我們的燃料快用完了。
2run out指“某物用完了”,為不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: The fuel was rapidly running out.燃料很快就要用完了。 Time is running out.時(shí)間快到了。