2024屆牛津英語第二輪復習課件 信息的表述

　　104. in public

　　— publically公開地 105. take pride in —

　　be proud of 以……為自豪 106. set free —

　　release釋放 107. look like —

　　resemble像 108. stand for —

　　represent代表 109. seek

　　— search

　　— search for

　　—

　　hunt for

　　—

　　look for尋找， 搜尋 110. all of a sudden

　　— all at once

　　— suddenly突然地 111. put up with — tolerate

　　— stand

　　— bear忍受 112. put on weight

　　— gain weight長胖 113. speak in a low voice

　　— whisper低語

　　二、注意表述的概括性

　　概括性是英語閱讀填空所考查的重點，要求對閱讀信息具有較強的綜合歸納能力。在解答這類題時，要找出共性，根據標題詞的特點表達，平時注意積累典型的概括性詞匯及其常用搭配，以便迅速鎖定最佳詞語。 閱讀填空的概括性詞匯分類歸納 表原因： reason (for), cause (of) 目的： purpose, aim, destination(目的地), goal, target 種類： kind of, type of, sort of, variety of, category of, style(風格) 方式： means, way, method 方位： location, position 建議： advice, suggestion, recommendation, tip 觀點： attitude, idea, opinion, aspect, concern 用途(功能): usage, function 變化，趨勢： trend, development, raise, increase, decrease, change, spreading 描述： description, appearance, look, color, size, length, width, distance, height, shape 來源，歷史： history, source, origin, root 影響，結果： effect, influence, result, consequence 措施，行動： measure, action, activity 益處，不利： benefit, advantage, convenience, disadvantage 概括，總結： summary, conclusion 主題： topic, theme, main idea, subject 特點： feature, characteristic 評論： comment, remark, assessment 問題： problem, question, issue 需求： demand, need, requirement 內容，項目： content, item 事實，細節： fact, detail 信息： information 情緒，感覺： feeling, emotion 物質，材料： substance, material 步驟： beginning, ending, step, procedure, process 比例： rate (比例，速度), percentage 天氣，氣候： weather, climate 災難，事故： disaster, accident, threat 關系： relation, relationship 不同： difference, diversity 交通： traffic, transportation 時間，年代，年齡： date, time, age 性別： sex

　　國籍： nationality 質量，數量： quality, quantity, number 速度： speed 事件： incident, event 反應： response 實踐： practice 定義： definition 產品： product

　　防止： prevention, precaution 程度： degree 相同，不同： similarity, difference 信仰： belief 答案： solution, answer 人口： population 資源： resource 職位： position 職業： work, job, occupation, profession 設備： equipment 任務： task 組織者：organizer, sponsor 參加者：participant 種族： race, peoples

　　三、注意表述的對稱性

　　對稱性是英語閱讀填空的又一要求。考生必須對試題所在表格中的上下、左右進行研究，挖掘出其表達形式的共性，如名詞短語、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語及特殊符號等都應該保持一致。

　　四、注意表達的正確性

　　正確表達是英語閱讀填空的基本要求。考生在找出相關信息后，必須仔細研究，作出正確的表達。務必要避免時態、人稱、單復數形式的錯誤，更不能出現拼寫、標點符號等錯誤。

　　感謝您的關注 Thank you for your attention ! 第24講

　　信息的表述

　　*

　　本文著重講述了美國的政府特許學校(charter school)的相關情況：它的定義、與傳統學校對比之異同以及存在的問題等。

　　71. Charter schools　直接題。綜合全文可以得出。 思路點撥

　　72. Definition / Meaning　概括題。 思路點撥

　　73. Receiving tax money　改寫題。根據第三段“It receives tax money to operate a number of students.”可得出。 思路點撥

　　74. agreement (or charter)　直接題。根據第三段“These governments provide the school with the agreement, or charter that permits it to operate.”可判斷。 思路點撥

　　75. Differences　概括題。對比上面similarities可得。 思路點撥

　　76. teaching contents　改寫題。根據第四段“Local, state or federal governments cannot tell it what to teach.”可判斷。 思路點撥

　　77. how to reach / ways to reach / ways of reaching　改寫題。根據第五段 “Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to reach those goals.”可判斷。 思路點撥

　　78. fewer　改寫題。根據第五段 “Class sizes are usually smaller than in many traditional public schools.” 可判斷。 思路點撥

　　79．traditional public schools　直接題。由倒數第二段“They say these schools may receive money badly needed by traditional public schools.”可判斷。 思路點撥

　　80. (needed) space　直接題。根據最后一段 “Many also lack needed space.”可判斷。 思路點撥

　　理解是前提，而表述是目的和歸宿。要正確、有效地表述信息要注意以下幾點：

　　一、注意文字的簡潔性

　　有以下幾個規律可循：

　　(1)用名詞所有格形式“'s”代替介詞of。

　　(2)詞性轉換。

　　(3)句子結構轉換。主要通過加工壓縮信息抓住要點。言簡意賅， 擊中要害。因此怎樣加工壓縮信息就成了廣大考生必備的一種技能。 閱讀填空題要掌握以下幾種技能：

　　①詞形轉換的能力。主要是看其前后的動詞形式再作確認。如果前后都是動詞原形那就不變；如果前后是v.-ing形式， 那就要隨其變形。

　　②刪減多余詞匯的能力。一般主要是刪去不影響主要意思表達的修飾詞匯。如形容詞、副詞、冠詞等等。

　　③以群體代替個體。如有的將a/an ＋n.變為其對應的復數形式。

　　④原意改換能力。可以用同義或近義詞代替；或用反義詞或派生詞改換；或用從句改寫；或用意思接近的名詞短語代替原句較長的句子。 同義、近義詞歸納 1. run out (of) — lack — use up — give out 用光， 用盡 2. take place of — replace代替， 替代 3. no matter what — whatever不管什么 4. international — worldwide — global — universal — throughout the world

　　— all over the world全世界 5. come into being

　　— come into existence — appear形成， 源于 6. in the countryside — in rural areas在鄉下 in the city — in urban areas在城里 7. besides — as well as — what's more — apart from — in addition而且， 除了 8. split — break sth. apart

　　—

　　destroy

　　— damage撕裂， 毀壞 9. come out

　　—

　　publish出版， 發行 10. remove — get rid of拆除， 移走 11. immediately

　　— directly — instantly — secondly — the moment — the minute — upon/on doing —

　　as soon as一……就…… 12. solutions to do sth. —

　　ways to do sth./ways of doing sth. — approaches to do sth.做某事的方法 13. every year

　　— yearly —

　　annual每年， 年年 14. make sb. have the ability to do sth.

　　— enable sb. to do sth.使某人能夠做某事 15. a growing number — an increasing number越來越多 16. work out a plan — make a plan 制訂計劃 17. like sth. better — prefer更喜歡 18. make sth. better — improve使某物變好 19. take the advantage of — make full / good use of 充分利用 20. be aware of — know — realize — become conscious of知道， 意識到 21. believe in — trust — have faith/trust in相信， 信任 22. give up — abandon — stop — quit放棄 23. go to a foreign country — go abroad出國 24. be not present at — be absent from缺席 25. be present at — attend出席， 參加 26. take in

　　— absorb吸收 27. speed up —

　　quicken —

　　accelerate加速 28. occasionally —

　　accidentally — incidentally — once in a while偶爾 29. accomplish—complete — get through完成 30. because of — due to — on account of — owing to — thanks to因為，由于 31. occupy — account for

　　— make up構成， 占 32. accuse of

　　— charge with控告 33. look up to

　　— admire — show respect for欽佩，仰慕 34. grown-up

　　— adult成人(的) 35. move forward — advance前進 36. have an effect/influence on — affect影響 37. later on

　　— afterwards 之后 38. be afraid of — be scared of — be terrified at — fear — be frightened 害怕 39. disapprove of — oppose — object to — disagree to — be against反對 40. by oneself

　　— alone 獨自地 41. lose one's temper — get angry/annoyed發怒 42. make sth. known to the public — announce — declare宣布 43. reply to

　　— answer — make response to

　　— react to回答 44. be anxious about — be concerned about —

　　be worried about擔心 45. make an apology to — say sorry to — apologize道歉 46. appeal to — interest — attract吸引 47. give birth to — bear生育 48. cause trouble to

　　— bother — disturb打擾， 妨礙 49. have the courage to — be brave to有勇氣， 勇敢 50. refuse to accept — boycott拒絕接受 51. out of breath — breathless上氣不接下氣 52. figure out

　　— calculate計算 53. call off — cancel取消 54. hold a celebration — celebrate — in celebration of — observe慶祝 55. one hundred years — century世紀 56. run after — chase追趕 57. mix sth. up — combine with混合 58. at ease

　　— comfortable 舒適， 放松 59. make up for — compensate彌補 60. take part in

　　— compete in — participate in — join in

　　— attend參加 61. draw a conclusion

　　— conclude作結論 62. carry out — conduct — perform實施 63. contribute to

　　— lead to — result in造成， 導致 64. be convinced of

　　— believe信服， 相信 65. be important —count — matter重要 66. rely on

　　— count on — depend on依賴， 依靠 67. at risk

　　— in danger處于危險中 68. know nothing about — in the dark一無所知 69. turn a deaf ear to — refuse to listen to充耳不聞 70. deal with — handle — cope with

　　— do with處理， 對付 71. ten years

　　— decade 十年 72. make up one's mind —

　　decide to do —

　　determine to — be determined to下定決心 73. win over

　　— defeat擊敗 74. delay — put off — postpone推遲 75. on purpose —

　　deliberately — by design故意 76. give a description of

　　— describe描述 77. in spite of — despite盡管 78. be worthy of — deserve值得 79. be different from — differ from與……不同 80. on display — on show —

　　on exhibition展覽 81. be drunk with — be bent on — be addicted to —

　　be crazy about沉溺于， 著迷 82. run away — escape逃跑 83. earn a living — make a living謀生 84. employ — adopt — use — take on采用 85. full of energy — energetic 精力充沛的 86. would like to do sth. — enjoy doing sth. — feel like doing sth. — be fond of doing sth.想要做某事 87. make sure

　　— ensure確保 88. at last — eventually最后， 終于 89. here and there —

　　everywhere到處， 處處 90. work out —

　　exercise鍛煉 91. as a matter of fact — in fact/effect — actually事實上 92. make fun of

　　— laugh at

　　— play tricks/jokes on — make a fool of嘲笑，捉弄 93. grasp

　　— take hold of —

　　catch hold of抓住 94. body language —

　　gesture肢體語言 95. go hungry

　　— starve挨餓 96. pay no attention to —

　　ignore —

　　overlook — take no notice of不關注 97. at a loss

　　— feel puzzled at —

　　be confused at不知所措 98. go with —

　　match相配 99. keep up —

　　maintain保持 100. at the same time

　　— meanwhile同時 101. take place — occur發生 102. be well received

　　— popular受歡迎 103. take the possession of

　　— own —

　　possess擁有

　　104. in public

　　— publically公開地 105. take pride in —

　　be proud of 以……為自豪 106. set free —

　　release釋放 107. look like —

　　resemble像 108. stand for —

　　represent代表 109. seek

　　— search

　　— search for

　　—

　　hunt for

　　—

　　look for尋找， 搜尋 110. all of a sudden

　　— all at once

　　— suddenly突然地 111. put up with — tolerate

　　— stand

　　— bear忍受 112. put on weight

　　— gain weight長胖 113. speak in a low voice

　　— whisper低語

　　二、注意表述的概括性

　　概括性是英語閱讀填空所考查的重點，要求對閱讀信息具有較強的綜合歸納能力。在解答這類題時，要找出共性，根據標題詞的特點表達，平時注意積累典型的概括性詞匯及其常用搭配，以便迅速鎖定最佳詞語。 閱讀填空的概括性詞匯分類歸納 表原因： reason (for), cause (of) 目的： purpose, aim, destination(目的地), goal, target 種類： kind of, type of, sort of, variety of, category of, style(風格) 方式： means, way, method 方位： location, position 建議： advice, suggestion, recommendation, tip 觀點： attitude, idea, opinion, aspect, concern 用途(功能): usage, function 變化，趨勢： trend, development, raise, increase, decrease, change, spreading 描述： description, appearance, look, color, size, length, width, distance, height, shape 來源，歷史： history, source, origin, root 影響，結果： effect, influence, result, consequence 措施，行動： measure, action, activity 益處，不利： benefit, advantage, convenience, disadvantage 概括，總結： summary, conclusion 主題： topic, theme, main idea, subject 特點： feature, characteristic 評論： comment, remark, assessment 問題： problem, question, issue 需求： demand, need, requirement 內容，項目： content, item 事實，細節： fact, detail 信息： information 情緒，感覺： feeling, emotion 物質，材料： substance, material 步驟： beginning, ending, step, procedure, process 比例： rate (比例，速度), percentage 天氣，氣候： weather, climate 災難，事故： disaster, accident, threat 關系： relation, relationship 不同： difference, diversity 交通： traffic, transportation 時間，年代，年齡： date, time, age 性別： sex

　　國籍： nationality 質量，數量： quality, quantity, number 速度： speed 事件： incident, event 反應： response 實踐： practice 定義： definition 產品： product

　　防止： prevention, precaution 程度： degree 相同，不同： similarity, difference 信仰： belief 答案： solution, answer 人口： population 資源： resource 職位： position 職業： work, job, occupation, profession 設備： equipment 任務： task 組織者：organizer, sponsor 參加者：participant 種族： race, peoples

　　三、注意表述的對稱性

　　對稱性是英語閱讀填空的又一要求。考生必須對試題所在表格中的上下、左右進行研究，挖掘出其表達形式的共性，如名詞短語、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語及特殊符號等都應該保持一致。

　　四、注意表達的正確性

　　正確表達是英語閱讀填空的基本要求。考生在找出相關信息后，必須仔細研究，作出正確的表達。務必要避免時態、人稱、單復數形式的錯誤，更不能出現拼寫、標點符號等錯誤。

　　感謝您的關注 Thank you for your attention ! 第24講

　　信息的表述

　　*

　　本文著重講述了美國的政府特許學校(charter school)的相關情況：它的定義、與傳統學校對比之異同以及存在的問題等。

　　71. Charter schools　直接題。綜合全文可以得出。 思路點撥

　　72. Definition / Meaning　概括題。 思路點撥

　　73. Receiving tax money　改寫題。根據第三段“It receives tax money to operate a number of students.”可得出。 思路點撥

　　74. agreement (or charter)　直接題。根據第三段“These governments provide the school with the agreement, or charter that permits it to operate.”可判斷。 思路點撥

　　75. Differences　概括題。對比上面similarities可得。 思路點撥

　　76. teaching contents　改寫題。根據第四段“Local, state or federal governments cannot tell it what to teach.”可判斷。 思路點撥

　　77. how to reach / ways to reach / ways of reaching　改寫題。根據第五段 “Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to reach those goals.”可判斷。 思路點撥

　　78. fewer　改寫題。根據第五段 “Class sizes are usually smaller than in many traditional public schools.” 可判斷。 思路點撥

　　79．traditional public schools　直接題。由倒數第二段“They say these schools may receive money badly needed by traditional public schools.”可判斷。 思路點撥

　　80. (needed) space　直接題。根據最后一段 “Many also lack needed space.”可判斷。 思路點撥

　　理解是前提，而表述是目的和歸宿。要正確、有效地表述信息要注意以下幾點：

　　一、注意文字的簡潔性

　　有以下幾個規律可循：

　　(1)用名詞所有格形式“'s”代替介詞of。

　　(2)詞性轉換。

　　(3)句子結構轉換。主要通過加工壓縮信息抓住要點。言簡意賅， 擊中要害。因此怎樣加工壓縮信息就成了廣大考生必備的一種技能。 閱讀填空題要掌握以下幾種技能：

　　①詞形轉換的能力。主要是看其前后的動詞形式再作確認。如果前后都是動詞原形那就不變；如果前后是v.-ing形式， 那就要隨其變形。

　　②刪減多余詞匯的能力。一般主要是刪去不影響主要意思表達的修飾詞匯。如形容詞、副詞、冠詞等等。

　　③以群體代替個體。如有的將a/an ＋n.變為其對應的復數形式。

　　④原意改換能力。可以用同義或近義詞代替；或用反義詞或派生詞改換；或用從句改寫；或用意思接近的名詞短語代替原句較長的句子。 同義、近義詞歸納 1. run out (of) — lack — use up — give out 用光， 用盡 2. take place of — replace代替， 替代 3. no matter what — whatever不管什么 4. international — worldwide — global — universal — throughout the world

　　— all over the world全世界 5. come into being

　　— come into existence — appear形成， 源于 6. in the countryside — in rural areas在鄉下 in the city — in urban areas在城里 7. besides — as well as — what's more — apart from — in addition而且， 除了 8. split — break sth. apart

　　—

　　destroy

　　— damage撕裂， 毀壞 9. come out

　　—

　　publish出版， 發行 10. remove — get rid of拆除， 移走 11. immediately

　　— directly — instantly — secondly — the moment — the minute — upon/on doing —

　　as soon as一……就…… 12. solutions to do sth. —

　　ways to do sth./ways of doing sth. — approaches to do sth.做某事的方法 13. every year

　　— yearly —

　　annual每年， 年年 14. make sb. have the ability to do sth.

　　— enable sb. to do sth.使某人能夠做某事 15. a growing number — an increasing number越來越多 16. work out a plan — make a plan 制訂計劃 17. like sth. better — prefer更喜歡 18. make sth. better — improve使某物變好 19. take the advantage of — make full / good use of 充分利用 20. be aware of — know — realize — become conscious of知道， 意識到 21. believe in — trust — have faith/trust in相信， 信任 22. give up — abandon — stop — quit放棄 23. go to a foreign country — go abroad出國 24. be not present at — be absent from缺席 25. be present at — attend出席， 參加 26. take in

　　— absorb吸收 27. speed up —

　　quicken —

　　accelerate加速 28. occasionally —

　　accidentally — incidentally — once in a while偶爾 29. accomplish—complete — get through完成 30. because of — due to — on account of — owing to — thanks to因為，由于 31. occupy — account for

　　— make up構成， 占 32. accuse of

　　— charge with控告 33. look up to

　　— admire — show respect for欽佩，仰慕 34. grown-up

　　— adult成人(的) 35. move forward — advance前進 36. have an effect/influence on — affect影響 37. later on

　　— afterwards 之后 38. be afraid of — be scared of — be terrified at — fear — be frightened 害怕 39. disapprove of — oppose — object to — disagree to — be against反對 40. by oneself

　　— alone 獨自地 41. lose one's temper — get angry/annoyed發怒 42. make sth. known to the public — announce — declare宣布 43. reply to

　　— answer — make response to

　　— react to回答 44. be anxious about — be concerned about —

　　be worried about擔心 45. make an apology to — say sorry to — apologize道歉 46. appeal to — interest — attract吸引 47. give birth to — bear生育 48. cause trouble to

　　— bother — disturb打擾， 妨礙 49. have the courage to — be brave to有勇氣， 勇敢 50. refuse to accept — boycott拒絕接受 51. out of breath — breathless上氣不接下氣 52. figure out

　　— calculate計算 53. call off — cancel取消 54. hold a celebration — celebrate — in celebration of — observe慶祝 55. one hundred years — century世紀 56. run after — chase追趕 57. mix sth. up — combine with混合 58. at ease

　　— comfortable 舒適， 放松 59. make up for — compensate彌補 60. take part in

　　— compete in — participate in — join in

　　— attend參加 61. draw a conclusion

　　— conclude作結論 62. carry out — conduct — perform實施 63. contribute to

　　— lead to — result in造成， 導致 64. be convinced of

　　— believe信服， 相信 65. be important —count — matter重要 66. rely on

　　— count on — depend on依賴， 依靠 67. at risk

　　— in danger處于危險中 68. know nothing about — in the dark一無所知 69. turn a deaf ear to — refuse to listen to充耳不聞 70. deal with — handle — cope with

　　— do with處理， 對付 71. ten years

　　— decade 十年 72. make up one's mind —

　　decide to do —

　　determine to — be determined to下定決心 73. win over

　　— defeat擊敗 74. delay — put off — postpone推遲 75. on purpose —

　　deliberately — by design故意 76. give a description of

　　— describe描述 77. in spite of — despite盡管 78. be worthy of — deserve值得 79. be different from — differ from與……不同 80. on display — on show —

　　on exhibition展覽 81. be drunk with — be bent on — be addicted to —

　　be crazy about沉溺于， 著迷 82. run away — escape逃跑 83. earn a living — make a living謀生 84. employ — adopt — use — take on采用 85. full of energy — energetic 精力充沛的 86. would like to do sth. — enjoy doing sth. — feel like doing sth. — be fond of doing sth.想要做某事 87. make sure

　　— ensure確保 88. at last — eventually最后， 終于 89. here and there —

　　everywhere到處， 處處 90. work out —

　　exercise鍛煉 91. as a matter of fact — in fact/effect — actually事實上 92. make fun of

　　— laugh at

　　— play tricks/jokes on — make a fool of嘲笑，捉弄 93. grasp

　　— take hold of —

　　catch hold of抓住 94. body language —

　　gesture肢體語言 95. go hungry

　　— starve挨餓 96. pay no attention to —

　　ignore —

　　overlook — take no notice of不關注 97. at a loss

　　— feel puzzled at —

　　be confused at不知所措 98. go with —

　　match相配 99. keep up —

　　maintain保持 100. at the same time

　　— meanwhile同時 101. take place — occur發生 102. be well received

　　— popular受歡迎 103. take the possession of

　　— own —

　　possess擁有