2024年高考第二輪復習英語(湖北版)專題整合突破一名詞
2024年高考第二輪復習英語湖北版 專題整合突破
一、名詞
真題試做
1.(2024湖北高考,29)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ______.
A.symptom
B.similarity
C.sample
D.shadow
2.(2011湖北高考,21)“Tommy,run!Be quick!The house is on fire!”the mother shouted,with ______ clearly in her voice.
A.anger
B.rudeness
C.regret
D.panic
3.(2010湖北高考,22)After the earthquake,the first thing the local government did was to provide ______ for the homeless families.
A.accommodation
B.occupation
C.equipment
D.furniture
4.(2010湖北高考,21)This restaurant
has become popular for its wide ______ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A.division
B.area
C.range
D.circle
考向分析
1.注重語境
近幾年湖北高考對名詞最重要的一個考查方式就是在特定的語境中考查考生準確運用詞匯知識的能力。試題體現語境,貼近生活,注重交際。
做題時不要只盯著選項,而要深入理解語境,整體把握,結合句意作出最佳選擇。
2.辨析詞義
湖北高考對名詞的考查不涉及名詞相關的語法知識,重點考查詞義辨析,主要集中在對同義詞、近義詞甚至是形近詞的辨析方面。平時學習中一定要努力擴大詞匯量,更要特別注意同義詞和近義詞的含義及用法的區別。只有具備了一定的詞匯量,并能把握住各選項的真正內涵,才能作出正確的判斷。
3.注意搭配
名詞的固定搭配和習慣表達主要涉及“介詞+名詞”“名詞+介詞”“動詞+名詞”“形容詞+名詞”等。
平時學習中要注意積累,做好儲備。做題時要從各選項的用法、使用場合和搭配上進行分析,反復比較然后再作出判斷。
熱點例析
1.名詞的分類
2.名詞的數
(1)抽象名詞具體化
英語中的名詞有可數和不可數之分。只有可數名詞才有復數形式。不可數名詞包括物質名詞和抽象名詞,一般沒有復數形式,但某些不可數名詞在特定的語境下也可轉化為具體名詞,表示具有某種特征的人或事物,可用作可數名詞。如:
difficulty 困難—— a difficulty 一件難事
experience 經驗 —— an experience 一次經歷
success 成功 —— a success 一個成功的人或一件成功的事
failure 失敗 —— a failure 一個失敗的人或一件失敗的事
She is a success in business but a failure in marriage.
她在事業上是個成功者,但在婚姻上是個失敗者。
(2)名詞在特殊情況下的復數使用
常以復數形式出現的名詞
congratulations 祝賀,賀詞
instructions 說明
surroundings 環境
要求用名詞復數的短語
make preparations for... 為……做好準備
make both ends meet 收支平衡
be in high spirits 興致勃勃
make friends with 與……交朋友
give regards to 問候
give respects to 向……表示敬意
have words with sb. 同某人吵架
in rags 衣衫襤褸
civil rights 公民權利
current affairs 時事
(3)常考的不可數名詞
advice 建議 furniture 家具 equipment 設備 clothing 衣服(總稱) fun 樂趣 homework 家庭作業 information 信息 paper 紙 sugar 糖 work 工作 fruit 水果 harm 損害 news 消息 progress 進步 traffic 交通 difficulty/trouble 困難,麻煩 weather 天氣 wealth 財富 value 價值 evidence 證據 cloth 布料 housework 家務活
3.名詞的搭配
名詞的搭配很多也比較復雜,主要涉及“介詞+名詞”“名詞+介詞”“動詞+名詞”“形容詞+名詞”等。
(1)與介詞的搭配
(an/the) approach to sth. 通往……的路,學習……的方法
(one's) attitude to/toward (某人)對待……的態度
congratulations on 對……的祝賀
in/under such circumstance 在這種情況下,情形既然如此
on that occasion 在那種場合
with one's help/support/permission/guidance 在某人的幫助/支持/允許/指導下
(2)與動詞的搭配
attach importance/significance to 認為……很重要
have access to 可以達到,可以使用
have an eye for 對……有鑒賞力
have a preference for 偏愛……
have an effect/influence on 對……產生影響
follow one's advice 接受某人的建議
keep sb.company 陪伴某人
make a difference 起作用,有影響
make room/space for 為……騰出地方
make sense of 弄懂
make terms with 與……達成協議
make/leave impression on sb. 給某人留下深刻印象
take measures/steps 采取措施
take possession of 擁有
satisfy/meet/cover one's needs/demands/requirements 滿足某人的需要/要求/條件
(3)冠詞+名詞+of
an average of 平均的
a range of 各種各樣的,一套,一系列
a variety of 各種各樣的
a waste of 浪費
a matter of (關于……的)問題
a lack of 缺乏
a sense of ……的感覺
a series of 一連串的,一套,一系列
4.of+名詞
(1)of+抽象名詞=形容詞
of+no+抽象名詞=not+形容詞
of importance=important
of value=valuable of use=useful
of no help=not helpful of no benefit=not beneficial
(2)of+抽象名詞
用來說明句子主語在度量、大小、顏色、類別等方面的特征。這類名詞有:color,age,size,height,weight,shape,type,kind,price,quantity 等。
They are of an age.=They are the same age.他們年齡一樣大。
誤區警示
1.名詞“同義詞、近義詞辨析”易錯點
(2024江蘇高考,21) —Can I help you with it?
—I appreciate your ______,but I can manage it myself
A.advice
B.question
C.offer
D.idea
【錯混透析】 C 該題易誤選A項,主要是容易忽視上下文語境,且不能正確理解單詞的內涵意義。advice “建議”;question “問題”;offer “(主動要做某事的)提議,建議”;idea“想法,主意”。
【解題指導】 同義詞、近義詞辨析是近幾年高考的常考點。做好此類題要從三個方面入手:一是要正確掌握選項單詞詞義包括其內涵意義;二是要注意其搭配及特定語境;三是要注意其習慣用法。這就要求考生在平時的學習中注意知識的積累,特別要注意同義詞和近義詞含義和用法的區別。
2.名詞“熟詞生義”易錯點
The head office of the bank is in Beijing,but it has ______ all over the country.
A.companies
B.branches
C.organizations
D.businesses
【錯混透析】 B 該題易誤選D項,主要是對四個選項的意義掌握不全,且不能根據具體語境遷移、感悟詞的新義。A項意為“公司”;B項意為“樹枝”或“分支機構”;C項意為“組織”;D項意為“公司”。根據句意應選B項。
【解題指導】 在高考英語中,有一種“熟詞生義”題型,即題目中所填的詞是考生所熟悉的,但所考查的含義卻是不常見的。這就要求考生在掌握單詞基本意義的基礎上,善于結合不同的語境去體會、感悟單詞的新義。
1.(2024湖北八校一次聯考)Young people use more web language in their conversations,such as Geili because such language gives them a sense of ______.
A.unity
B.identity
C.responsibility
D.security
2.(2024武漢二月調研)Hard work is no ______ of an excellent school record.You have to adopt a flexible approach to your learning.
A.guarantee
B.connection
C.permission
D.consequence
3.(2024湖北八市三月聯考)Kim Jong-il,former top leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the former Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi were both dead at the age of 69.Some people jokingly think that's a(n) ______.
A.accident
B.consequence
C.symptom
D.coincidence
4.(2024武漢五月供題二)The US has been under pressure for some time to recognize this when forming a domestic economic policy that often appears to ignore the international ______ of the dollar.
A.image
B.currency
C.role
D.effect
5.(2024湖北襄陽五中二次適應)During the two-day meeting,G20 financial leaders gathering in Paris welcomed the ______ Europe made on the euro zone debt issue on Saturday.
A.progress
B.recommendation
C.commitment
D.proposal
6.(2024華中師大一附中期中)The White House said that it had ______ about Caio Koch-Weser's running in the election,and would not be backing his appointment.
A.collisions
B.motivations
C.reservations
D.expectations
7.There is strong evidence that the ______ of a father increases the probability that a youngster will use drugs and engage in criminal activity.
A.absence
B.disappearance
C.attention
D.concern
8.Jobs once described his ______ as trying to make products that were at “the intersection(交集) of art and technology”.
A.technology
B.geography
C.biology
D.philosophy
9.The Chinese government is willing to work with other countries to adopt more effective measures in order to realize the goals of gender ______,women's empowerment(自主) and building a harmonious world.
A.equality
B.quantity
C.quality
D.hostility
10.(2024湖北黃岡中學五月模擬)There is an obvious ______ between the cultures of the West and East.
A.content
B.contract
C.contrast
D.contact
11.Jade is the highest award in Chinese culture and medals are the most important prize in Olympics,so medals with jade is the perfect ______ to present the Olympics in Beijing.
A.connection
B.cooperation
C.combination
D.composition
12.Nowadays students go to key universities just for a formal ______,which may help them hunt for a suitable job in the future.
A.conservation
B.preparation C.graduation
D.qualification
13.(2024湖北孝感漢川一中二月調研)The two countries made a(n)______ that they would not fight with each other again.
A.treatment
B.conclusion
C.fortune
D.agreement
14.We may come to a conclusion that any ______ to set back the wheel of history is sure to be a failure.
A.ambition
B.intention
C.demand
D.appeal
15.(2024湖北荊州質檢二)The president owed his success not to ______ but to self-education and a driving desire for achievement.
A.regulation
B.privilege
C.arrangement
D.compromise
一、名詞
命題調研·明晰考向
真題試做
1.A 句意:定期檢查眼睛非常重要,為的是能夠發現可能沒有癥狀的一些眼部疾病的跡象。symptom“癥狀”;similarity“相似,相似性”;sample“標本,樣品”;shadow“陰影,陰暗”。
2.D anger “生氣;憤怒”;rudeness“粗魯;無禮”;regret“后悔;遺憾”;panic“驚慌;驚恐”。句意:“湯米,快跑,房子著火了!”母親大聲喊著,聲音中透著明顯的驚慌。根據句意,D項正確。
3.A 句意:地震過后,當地政府所做的第一件事就是為無家可歸的家庭提供住處。accommodation“住處(尤指僅供短期使用的)”;occupation“工作;職業;消遣”;equipment“設備”;furniture“家具”。
4.C 句意:這家餐館已經變得大受歡迎,因為它的食品種類繁多,適合所有人的口味。division“分開;分配;部門”;area“領域,方面;面積”;range“變化幅度,范圍”;circle“圈子,界,社會,集團”。
創新模擬·預測演練
1.B 句意:年輕人喜歡在他們的對話中使用更多的網絡語言,比如“給力”,因為這樣的語言會讓他們有一種認同感。a sense of identity “認同感”。unity “團結”;responsibility “責任,責任感”;security “安全,安全感”。
2.A 句意:努力并不能保證一定會得到好分數,在學習中還應運用靈活的學習方法。guarantee “保證,擔保”;connection “聯系”;permission “允許,許可,同意”;consequence “后果,結果”。
3.D 句意:朝鮮前領導人金正日和利比亞前領導人卡扎菲都是69歲時去世,一些人打趣地認為這是一個巧合。accident “事件,事故”;consequence “結果,后果”;symptom“癥狀”;coincidence “巧合”。
4.C 句意:一段時間以來,美國一直承受著巨大的壓力,因為意識到其在形成國內經濟政策時似乎常常無視美元的國際地位。image “形象,影像”;currency “貨幣,流通”;role “地位;職能,作用”;effect “影響,效應”。
5.C 句意:在為期兩天的會議期間,20國集團金融領導人于星期六聚集巴黎歡迎歐洲就解決歐債危機作出的承諾。progress “進步”;recommendation “推薦,介紹”;commitment “商業方面的約定,承諾”;proposal “提議,建議”。
6.C 句意:白宮表示,它對科赫韋澤在選舉中的運作持保留意見,不會支持他的任命。collision “沖突,碰撞”;motivation “動機,原因”;reservation “保留(意見),異議”;expectation “預期,期望”。
7.A 句意:強有力的證據證明父愛的缺失會增加青少年吸毒和犯罪的可能性。absence “缺席,不在”;disappearance “消失,滅絕”;attention “注意力”;concern “擔心,擔憂”。 8.D 句意:喬布斯曾經把他的哲學描述為努力生產出藝術與科技完美結合的產品。technology “科技”;geography “地理”;biology “生物”;philosophy “哲學”。