歐洲移民勝利大逃亡
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 European migration 歐洲移民 The great escape 勝利大逃亡 Emigration may not relieve pressure on wages inweak economies 在經濟疲軟的背景下，歐洲人移民國外也許不能在工資方面緩解壓力 Purchasing power on the move 購買力在移動 TO ECONOMISTS, an optimal currency area is one in which the gains from sharing a singlecurrency outweigh the costs. There is some debate as to whether the euro area qualifies. 對于經濟學家來說，一個最優貨幣區意味著共用同一種貨幣的收益要大于成本。歐元區是否符合最優貨幣區的條件，存在一些爭議。 Among the keys to making shared currencies work, according to Robert Mundell, thegodfather of optimal-currency theory, is a mobile workforce. Countries tying the monetaryknot give up the right to slash interest rates or devalue when stormclouds gather. A slumpfocused on just one region of the currency zone can therefore last a long time: until fallingwages make hiring there attractive once more. But if the jobless can up sticks for sunniershores, this discomfort can be curbed. 根據最優貨幣理論的鼻祖，羅伯特.蒙代爾的理論，流動的勞動力是從統一貨幣的政策中獲利的關鍵。當不利的經濟信號顯現時，參與實施統一貨幣政策的眾多國家將放棄削減利率或干預貨幣貶值的權力。在統一貨幣區內，經濟衰退集中在一個地區，因此，這種經濟衰退會持續很長一段時間，直到這個地區的工資下降，使得招聘啟事再次具有吸引力。但是如果失業者可以遷居到經濟狀況較好的地區，這種經濟衰退就可以得到抑制。 In the 1990s a few prescient critics noted that fluidity was not a characteristiccommonly used to describe European labour markets. Just 0.35% of Europeans migrateacross borders each year, compared with the nearly 2.5% of Americans leaving one state foranother. The crisis boosted euro-area migration rates, but overall numbers remain small. 20世紀90年代，幾位有先見之明的評論家指出，流動性指標不常用來說明歐洲勞動力市場特征。每年跨國遷移的歐洲人僅有0.35%，而有近2.5%的美國人跨州遷移，兩者相比，前者遷移人數很少。經濟危機提升了歐元區的人口遷移比率，但總體遷移人數并不多。 Immobility might not always be quite the drag academics fear, however. New research byEmmanuel Farhi of Harvard University and Ivn Werning of MIT finds that although migrantsout of depressed regions get the expected boost from relocation, those left behind may ormay not benefit, depending on the nature of the slump. 然而，人口流動停滯也許并不總是那么讓學者們擔心。在一項新開展的研究中，哈佛大學的EmmanuelFarhi和麻省理工的Ivn Werning發現，盡管人們從經濟蕭條地區遷移出去可以按照預期推動遷居地的經濟發展，但原住地是否能從中獲益，這取決于經濟衰退的性質。 The problem, they note, is that departing migrants take their purchasing power with themwhen they go. If a region s troubles are the result of tumbling exports that is no big deal.Exporting surplus labour spares the struggling economy the need to suffer falling wages. 他們指出，問題是，移民者的離去使得原住地失去了這部分人群的購買力。如果一個地區的困擾是出口嚴重下滑的結果，這沒什么大不了的。出口剩余的勞動力使得疲弱的經濟不必再遭受工資下降的打擊。 If instead the struggling region is facing weak domestic demand then shipping excesslabour abroad does not help, because the loss of migrants spending further weakensdemand. Instead, higher exports are needed to make up for insufficient domesticspending. That requires improved competitivenesswhich often means lower wages. 如果情況相反，經濟疲弱地區正面臨的是內需不足，再向國外輸出過剩勞動力就無益了，因為若失去這部分移民者的購買力，則會進一步削弱內需。取而代之的解決方案應該是，需要更高的出口來彌補國內消費不足。這就需要提高競爭力，而提高競爭力通常意味著低工資。 Interestingly, however much their lot improves when they move, migrants tend to judgetheir fortunes relative to economic conditions at home. According to a new working paperfrom the Institute for the Study of Labour, a German think-tank, migrants toGermanybecome glummer the better the economy in their country of origin does. But theycheer up considerably when unemployment rises at home, presumably because thatconfirms the wisdom of having moved. By then, they have perhaps been in Germanylongenough to learn the word Schadenfreude. 有趣的是，遷移過程中，無論移民者的生活怎樣改善，他們都傾向于依據家鄉的經濟狀況來評判自己的財富狀況。根據一個德國智囊團，勞動力研究所的一份新的工作報告，遷入德國的移民變得愈加愁苦，他們本國的經濟就變得愈好。但是當發現本國失業率上升，他們就明顯振作起來，大概是因為這證明了自己當初移民是明智的抉擇。到那時，他們也許已經在德國居住了很久，以至于都學會了幸災樂禍這類德語單詞。 詞語解釋 1.according to 根據，按照;據所說 All firsts in a car, according to gm. 據通用公司表示，這些都是汽車史上的頭一遭。 According to weiner, product teams will continue tocrank. 據韋納爾表示，產品團隊將繼續發揮奇思妙想。 2.give up 放棄;投降;把讓給 Never give up, he says. 永不放棄，他說。 It seemed that there was a message for him not to give up. 這仿佛給他捎來飛鴻，讓他不要放棄這一切。 3.focus on 致力于;使聚焦于 Many of these funds only focus on longer dated futures contracts. 這些基金很多只關注期限較長的期貨合約。 Do entrepreneurs put enough focus on customer relationships? 創業者給予客戶關系的重視足夠嗎? 4.compare with 與相比;比得上 Life isn t fair-don t compare with or be jealous of others. 生活并不是公平的不要比較也不要嫉妒別人。 Atheists have precious little to compare with this. 相比之下，無神論者的資源就少得可憐。
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 European migration 歐洲移民 The great escape 勝利大逃亡 Emigration may not relieve pressure on wages inweak economies 在經濟疲軟的背景下，歐洲人移民國外也許不能在工資方面緩解壓力 Purchasing power on the move 購買力在移動 TO ECONOMISTS, an optimal currency area is one in which the gains from sharing a singlecurrency outweigh the costs. There is some debate as to whether the euro area qualifies. 對于經濟學家來說，一個最優貨幣區意味著共用同一種貨幣的收益要大于成本。歐元區是否符合最優貨幣區的條件，存在一些爭議。 Among the keys to making shared currencies work, according to Robert Mundell, thegodfather of optimal-currency theory, is a mobile workforce. Countries tying the monetaryknot give up the right to slash interest rates or devalue when stormclouds gather. A slumpfocused on just one region of the currency zone can therefore last a long time: until fallingwages make hiring there attractive once more. But if the jobless can up sticks for sunniershores, this discomfort can be curbed. 根據最優貨幣理論的鼻祖，羅伯特.蒙代爾的理論，流動的勞動力是從統一貨幣的政策中獲利的關鍵。當不利的經濟信號顯現時，參與實施統一貨幣政策的眾多國家將放棄削減利率或干預貨幣貶值的權力。在統一貨幣區內，經濟衰退集中在一個地區，因此，這種經濟衰退會持續很長一段時間，直到這個地區的工資下降，使得招聘啟事再次具有吸引力。但是如果失業者可以遷居到經濟狀況較好的地區，這種經濟衰退就可以得到抑制。 In the 1990s a few prescient critics noted that fluidity was not a characteristiccommonly used to describe European labour markets. Just 0.35% of Europeans migrateacross borders each year, compared with the nearly 2.5% of Americans leaving one state foranother. The crisis boosted euro-area migration rates, but overall numbers remain small. 20世紀90年代，幾位有先見之明的評論家指出，流動性指標不常用來說明歐洲勞動力市場特征。每年跨國遷移的歐洲人僅有0.35%，而有近2.5%的美國人跨州遷移，兩者相比，前者遷移人數很少。經濟危機提升了歐元區的人口遷移比率，但總體遷移人數并不多。 Immobility might not always be quite the drag academics fear, however. New research byEmmanuel Farhi of Harvard University and Ivn Werning of MIT finds that although migrantsout of depressed regions get the expected boost from relocation, those left behind may ormay not benefit, depending on the nature of the slump. 然而，人口流動停滯也許并不總是那么讓學者們擔心。在一項新開展的研究中，哈佛大學的EmmanuelFarhi和麻省理工的Ivn Werning發現，盡管人們從經濟蕭條地區遷移出去可以按照預期推動遷居地的經濟發展，但原住地是否能從中獲益，這取決于經濟衰退的性質。 The problem, they note, is that departing migrants take their purchasing power with themwhen they go. If a region s troubles are the result of tumbling exports that is no big deal.Exporting surplus labour spares the struggling economy the need to suffer falling wages. 他們指出，問題是，移民者的離去使得原住地失去了這部分人群的購買力。如果一個地區的困擾是出口嚴重下滑的結果，這沒什么大不了的。出口剩余的勞動力使得疲弱的經濟不必再遭受工資下降的打擊。 If instead the struggling region is facing weak domestic demand then shipping excesslabour abroad does not help, because the loss of migrants spending further weakensdemand. Instead, higher exports are needed to make up for insufficient domesticspending. That requires improved competitivenesswhich often means lower wages. 如果情況相反，經濟疲弱地區正面臨的是內需不足，再向國外輸出過剩勞動力就無益了，因為若失去這部分移民者的購買力，則會進一步削弱內需。取而代之的解決方案應該是，需要更高的出口來彌補國內消費不足。這就需要提高競爭力，而提高競爭力通常意味著低工資。 Interestingly, however much their lot improves when they move, migrants tend to judgetheir fortunes relative to economic conditions at home. According to a new working paperfrom the Institute for the Study of Labour, a German think-tank, migrants toGermanybecome glummer the better the economy in their country of origin does. But theycheer up considerably when unemployment rises at home, presumably because thatconfirms the wisdom of having moved. By then, they have perhaps been in Germanylongenough to learn the word Schadenfreude. 有趣的是，遷移過程中，無論移民者的生活怎樣改善，他們都傾向于依據家鄉的經濟狀況來評判自己的財富狀況。根據一個德國智囊團，勞動力研究所的一份新的工作報告，遷入德國的移民變得愈加愁苦，他們本國的經濟就變得愈好。但是當發現本國失業率上升，他們就明顯振作起來，大概是因為這證明了自己當初移民是明智的抉擇。到那時，他們也許已經在德國居住了很久，以至于都學會了幸災樂禍這類德語單詞。 詞語解釋 1.according to 根據，按照;據所說 All firsts in a car, according to gm. 據通用公司表示，這些都是汽車史上的頭一遭。 According to weiner, product teams will continue tocrank. 據韋納爾表示，產品團隊將繼續發揮奇思妙想。 2.give up 放棄;投降;把讓給 Never give up, he says. 永不放棄，他說。 It seemed that there was a message for him not to give up. 這仿佛給他捎來飛鴻，讓他不要放棄這一切。 3.focus on 致力于;使聚焦于 Many of these funds only focus on longer dated futures contracts. 這些基金很多只關注期限較長的期貨合約。 Do entrepreneurs put enough focus on customer relationships? 創業者給予客戶關系的重視足夠嗎? 4.compare with 與相比;比得上 Life isn t fair-don t compare with or be jealous of others. 生活并不是公平的不要比較也不要嫉妒別人。 Atheists have precious little to compare with this. 相比之下，無神論者的資源就少得可憐。
