德國與歐元
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Germany and the euro 德國與歐元 The Merkel method 默克爾之道 Two books that take a close look at the woman atthe centre of the euro crisis 兩本深入觀察這位處于歐元危機中心的女人的書 Angela Merkel: A Chancellorship Forged in Crisis. ByAlan Crawford and Tony Czuczka. 《安格拉默克爾：危機煉成的總理之位》，Alan Crawford 和 Tony Czuczka著。 Europe s Deadlock: How the Euro Crisis Could Be SolvedAnd Why it Won t Happen. 《歐洲之僵局：歐元危機能如何解決以及為什么這不會發生》，David Marsh著。 ANGELA MERKEL, Germany s chancellor since November 2005, is now the longest-servingnational leader in the European Union. Her country is more dominant in the EU and the eurozone than ever. She is Germany s most popular politician, at home and abroad. She isunchallenged within her party, the conservative Christian Democratic Union . Andshe is coasting to another election victory in September. 安格拉默克爾，自2005年11月以來一直擔任德國總理，是目前歐盟中任職時間最長的國家領導人。她的國家在歐盟和歐元區中比其它任何時候都要處于更加主導的地位。無論是在國內還是國外，她是德國最受歡迎的政治人物。在她所在的政黨，保守的基督教民主聯盟，無人能挑戰她的地位。而且，她正在全國巡回，準備贏得9月選舉的又一場勝利。 Yet she faces a huge and continuing problem: the euro crisis. This is the big test for herpolitical legacy. Making matters worse, many analysts now point fingers of blame atGermany. It is too austere, too insistent on fiscal consolidation even in recession, tooprone to put the burden of adjustment on deficit countries, too dominated by lawyers, noteconomists. These complaints and her political longevity make Mrs Merkel an interestingsubject for a book. Several have come out in German, but this work by Alan Crawford andTony Czuczka, two Bloomberg journalists, is one of the first to appear in English. 然而，她面臨著一個巨大且持續的問題：歐元危機。這是對她政治遺產的一場大考。更加糟糕的是許多分析家現在都將矛頭指向了德國。它太過于緊縮，甚至在衰退時期仍太過于堅持財政整頓，太過于傾向將調整的重擔讓赤字國家去承受，太過于聽從法律人士而非經濟學家。這些抱怨加上她長久的政治生命，使得默克爾女士成為寫書的有趣的話題。德國已經有一些該題材的書出來了，但這本由兩位彭博社記者AlanCrawford和Tony Czuczka所著的書是英語世界中的第一本。 The two authors tell the euro story well, but their most interesting material is about her past.Such details, which include her upbringing in communist East Germany, her position as awoman in a man s world and her background as a research chemist, help to define herdomestic politics and her approach to the euro. They also make her easy tounderestimate: in 1998 she unsentimentally helped to push out her political mentor,Helmut Kohl, the man who did most to create the euro. She may be slow-moving, but shehas been more effective than many with more obvious flair and charisma. 這兩位作者對于歐元的故事講述得很好，但他們最有趣的材料是關于她的過去。她在共產主義東德的成長教育、她作為一個女人在男人世界中的地位以及她作為一位化學家的背景，這些細節都有助于定義她的國內政治和她處理歐元的手法。他們也使得她容易被低估：1998年，她無情地幫助趕走了她的政治導師赫爾穆特科爾，科爾是為歐元的產生出力最多的人。她也許動作緩慢，但她總是比其它許多人更加有效果、擁有更多明顯的才華和領袖魅力。 At home she is cautious, sceptical of government s ability to change things, solicitous ofallies and quick to cut down challengers. Despite preaching change to other EU countries, sheis no radical reformer. Indeed, she has pulled the CDU leftward, partly out of convictionbut also to create more coalition options and steal votes from the Social Democrats. In theeuro crisis she has favoured small, slow steps. When she is in doubt or gets conflicting advice,her instinct is often to do nothing. As an easterner, she has often leant as much towardsPoland as towards France, Germany s traditional EU partner. 在國內她是謹慎的，懷疑政府改革的能力，熱切關心盟友以及對挑戰者快速地斬草除根。盡管她游說其它歐盟國家作出變革，但她不是位激進的改革者。的確，她將CDU拉向左傾，部分是處于信念，但也是為了創造更多的結盟選項以及從社會民主黨挖選票。在這場歐元危機當中，她偏向于小且慢的步伐。當她不確定時或是聽到不一致的建議時，她的直覺常常是什么都不做。身為一個東德人，她常常更偏向于波蘭，這個在歐盟中的德國的傳統伙伴，而非法國。 All this may be fine at home, since Germany is humming along nicely. But it is problematicin the euro crisis. From its start in Greece in early 2010, Mrs Merkel has been reluctant tolead, careful of committing taxpayers money and insistent on punishing the profligate. Shehas been bad at telling her voters how much they gain from the euro and how much theymight lose if it falls apart. She has also favoured a simple morality tale of blaming fiscalincontinence for the crisis, when loss of competitiveness and failure to reform matter farmore. And she has often found it hard to work with others: she eventually forged arelationship with France s Nicolas Sarkozy, but has not got on with his successor, FranoisHollande. 所有這一切在國內也許是可行的，因為德國一路都過得很愉快。但這對于歐元危機是有問題的。自從歐元危機于2010年初在希臘爆發，默克爾女士總是不大愿意領導，對花納稅人的錢很小心，堅持懲罰揮霍浪費者。她不善于告訴其選民他們從歐元中獲益多少以及如果歐元解體他們可能損失多少。當面臨競爭力喪失和改革失敗這些更加緊要的事情時，她也喜歡以一種簡單的道德故事的方式將危機歸咎于不一致的財政政策。而且她也常常發現難于他人合作：她最終與法國尼古拉薩科齊打造了關系，但對于他的繼任者弗蘭西斯奧朗德則沒有。 David Marsh s short book is a more sceptical take on the euro crisis. A seasonedBundesbank-watcher and historian of the euro, he has long argued, as did the Bundesbank,that the single currency cannot work without fiscal and political union. Yet he acknowledgesthat this is unlikely to happen, not least because it would lack political legitimacy. So hispreferred solution is to reduce the number of countries in the euro. But that too would not beeasy, he concedes. In Berlin, the fear is that if any country quits, the euro could unravel allthe way to the Rhine. Mrs Merkel clearly still has much to do to save the single currency. David Marsh的短篇書對于歐元危機更加持懷疑態度。這位經驗豐富的聯邦銀行觀察者和歐元歷史學家，他與聯邦銀行一樣，長期一來一直認為在沒有財政同盟和政治同盟的情況下，單一貨幣是行不通的。然而他承認這不大可能會發生，主要是因為這缺乏政治上的合法性。所以他的首選方案是減少在歐元區中的國家數目。但這也不是容易的，他退了一步。在柏林，人們害怕的是，一旦有國家退出，那么歐元的解體將一路蔓延至萊茵河。很明顯，默克爾女士仍有很多事情要做，以拯救這單一貨幣。 詞語解釋 1.euro crisis 歐元危機 This year the euro crisis changed the equation forbig banks. 2011年的歐元危機改變了大銀行的等式。 That was welcome news at a time when the eurocrisis appeared to be heating up again. 當歐元危機看來即將再度升溫之時，這類消息受人歡迎。 2.prone to 傾于 The area is unstable and prone to rock falls and landslides. 因為該地區地情并不穩定，易于發生巖石墜落和山體滑坡。 Italy is unusually prone to natural disasters. 意大利異乎尋常地容易受到災難的襲擊。 3.push out 推出;長出;開除 It s not easy to push out multiple updates to get the metrics up. 但是推出多樣的更新來獲得量的方面上升并不容易。 Companies sometimes do this to be able to push out program updates every few weeks. 有時，這些公司這樣做是為了能每隔幾周就能將其程序升級一次。 4.cut down 裁短;減少;把砍倒 Cut down on newspapers newspapers serve their own end. 減少看報紙的時間報紙都是服務于自己的終端的。 A prescription antidiuretic can cut down on nighttime urination if this is the only problem. 如果這是唯一的問題，抗利尿的處方可以減少夜間排尿。
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Germany and the euro 德國與歐元 The Merkel method 默克爾之道 Two books that take a close look at the woman atthe centre of the euro crisis 兩本深入觀察這位處于歐元危機中心的女人的書 Angela Merkel: A Chancellorship Forged in Crisis. ByAlan Crawford and Tony Czuczka. 《安格拉默克爾：危機煉成的總理之位》，Alan Crawford 和 Tony Czuczka著。 Europe s Deadlock: How the Euro Crisis Could Be SolvedAnd Why it Won t Happen. 《歐洲之僵局：歐元危機能如何解決以及為什么這不會發生》，David Marsh著。 ANGELA MERKEL, Germany s chancellor since November 2005, is now the longest-servingnational leader in the European Union. Her country is more dominant in the EU and the eurozone than ever. She is Germany s most popular politician, at home and abroad. She isunchallenged within her party, the conservative Christian Democratic Union . Andshe is coasting to another election victory in September. 安格拉默克爾，自2005年11月以來一直擔任德國總理，是目前歐盟中任職時間最長的國家領導人。她的國家在歐盟和歐元區中比其它任何時候都要處于更加主導的地位。無論是在國內還是國外，她是德國最受歡迎的政治人物。在她所在的政黨，保守的基督教民主聯盟，無人能挑戰她的地位。而且，她正在全國巡回，準備贏得9月選舉的又一場勝利。 Yet she faces a huge and continuing problem: the euro crisis. This is the big test for herpolitical legacy. Making matters worse, many analysts now point fingers of blame atGermany. It is too austere, too insistent on fiscal consolidation even in recession, tooprone to put the burden of adjustment on deficit countries, too dominated by lawyers, noteconomists. These complaints and her political longevity make Mrs Merkel an interestingsubject for a book. Several have come out in German, but this work by Alan Crawford andTony Czuczka, two Bloomberg journalists, is one of the first to appear in English. 然而，她面臨著一個巨大且持續的問題：歐元危機。這是對她政治遺產的一場大考。更加糟糕的是許多分析家現在都將矛頭指向了德國。它太過于緊縮，甚至在衰退時期仍太過于堅持財政整頓，太過于傾向將調整的重擔讓赤字國家去承受，太過于聽從法律人士而非經濟學家。這些抱怨加上她長久的政治生命，使得默克爾女士成為寫書的有趣的話題。德國已經有一些該題材的書出來了，但這本由兩位彭博社記者AlanCrawford和Tony Czuczka所著的書是英語世界中的第一本。 The two authors tell the euro story well, but their most interesting material is about her past.Such details, which include her upbringing in communist East Germany, her position as awoman in a man s world and her background as a research chemist, help to define herdomestic politics and her approach to the euro. They also make her easy tounderestimate: in 1998 she unsentimentally helped to push out her political mentor,Helmut Kohl, the man who did most to create the euro. She may be slow-moving, but shehas been more effective than many with more obvious flair and charisma. 這兩位作者對于歐元的故事講述得很好，但他們最有趣的材料是關于她的過去。她在共產主義東德的成長教育、她作為一個女人在男人世界中的地位以及她作為一位化學家的背景，這些細節都有助于定義她的國內政治和她處理歐元的手法。他們也使得她容易被低估：1998年，她無情地幫助趕走了她的政治導師赫爾穆特科爾，科爾是為歐元的產生出力最多的人。她也許動作緩慢，但她總是比其它許多人更加有效果、擁有更多明顯的才華和領袖魅力。 At home she is cautious, sceptical of government s ability to change things, solicitous ofallies and quick to cut down challengers. Despite preaching change to other EU countries, sheis no radical reformer. Indeed, she has pulled the CDU leftward, partly out of convictionbut also to create more coalition options and steal votes from the Social Democrats. In theeuro crisis she has favoured small, slow steps. When she is in doubt or gets conflicting advice,her instinct is often to do nothing. As an easterner, she has often leant as much towardsPoland as towards France, Germany s traditional EU partner. 在國內她是謹慎的，懷疑政府改革的能力，熱切關心盟友以及對挑戰者快速地斬草除根。盡管她游說其它歐盟國家作出變革，但她不是位激進的改革者。的確，她將CDU拉向左傾，部分是處于信念，但也是為了創造更多的結盟選項以及從社會民主黨挖選票。在這場歐元危機當中，她偏向于小且慢的步伐。當她不確定時或是聽到不一致的建議時，她的直覺常常是什么都不做。身為一個東德人，她常常更偏向于波蘭，這個在歐盟中的德國的傳統伙伴，而非法國。 All this may be fine at home, since Germany is humming along nicely. But it is problematicin the euro crisis. From its start in Greece in early 2010, Mrs Merkel has been reluctant tolead, careful of committing taxpayers money and insistent on punishing the profligate. Shehas been bad at telling her voters how much they gain from the euro and how much theymight lose if it falls apart. She has also favoured a simple morality tale of blaming fiscalincontinence for the crisis, when loss of competitiveness and failure to reform matter farmore. And she has often found it hard to work with others: she eventually forged arelationship with France s Nicolas Sarkozy, but has not got on with his successor, FranoisHollande. 所有這一切在國內也許是可行的，因為德國一路都過得很愉快。但這對于歐元危機是有問題的。自從歐元危機于2010年初在希臘爆發，默克爾女士總是不大愿意領導，對花納稅人的錢很小心，堅持懲罰揮霍浪費者。她不善于告訴其選民他們從歐元中獲益多少以及如果歐元解體他們可能損失多少。當面臨競爭力喪失和改革失敗這些更加緊要的事情時，她也喜歡以一種簡單的道德故事的方式將危機歸咎于不一致的財政政策。而且她也常常發現難于他人合作：她最終與法國尼古拉薩科齊打造了關系，但對于他的繼任者弗蘭西斯奧朗德則沒有。 David Marsh s short book is a more sceptical take on the euro crisis. A seasonedBundesbank-watcher and historian of the euro, he has long argued, as did the Bundesbank,that the single currency cannot work without fiscal and political union. Yet he acknowledgesthat this is unlikely to happen, not least because it would lack political legitimacy. So hispreferred solution is to reduce the number of countries in the euro. But that too would not beeasy, he concedes. In Berlin, the fear is that if any country quits, the euro could unravel allthe way to the Rhine. Mrs Merkel clearly still has much to do to save the single currency. David Marsh的短篇書對于歐元危機更加持懷疑態度。這位經驗豐富的聯邦銀行觀察者和歐元歷史學家，他與聯邦銀行一樣，長期一來一直認為在沒有財政同盟和政治同盟的情況下，單一貨幣是行不通的。然而他承認這不大可能會發生，主要是因為這缺乏政治上的合法性。所以他的首選方案是減少在歐元區中的國家數目。但這也不是容易的，他退了一步。在柏林，人們害怕的是，一旦有國家退出，那么歐元的解體將一路蔓延至萊茵河。很明顯，默克爾女士仍有很多事情要做，以拯救這單一貨幣。 詞語解釋 1.euro crisis 歐元危機 This year the euro crisis changed the equation forbig banks. 2011年的歐元危機改變了大銀行的等式。 That was welcome news at a time when the eurocrisis appeared to be heating up again. 當歐元危機看來即將再度升溫之時，這類消息受人歡迎。 2.prone to 傾于 The area is unstable and prone to rock falls and landslides. 因為該地區地情并不穩定，易于發生巖石墜落和山體滑坡。 Italy is unusually prone to natural disasters. 意大利異乎尋常地容易受到災難的襲擊。 3.push out 推出;長出;開除 It s not easy to push out multiple updates to get the metrics up. 但是推出多樣的更新來獲得量的方面上升并不容易。 Companies sometimes do this to be able to push out program updates every few weeks. 有時，這些公司這樣做是為了能每隔幾周就能將其程序升級一次。 4.cut down 裁短;減少;把砍倒 Cut down on newspapers newspapers serve their own end. 減少看報紙的時間報紙都是服務于自己的終端的。 A prescription antidiuretic can cut down on nighttime urination if this is the only problem. 如果這是唯一的問題，抗利尿的處方可以減少夜間排尿。
