初中英語常見錯誤之C系列

　　call

　　[誤] Ill call at Mr Brown.

　　[正] Ill call on Mr Brown.

　　[誤] Ill call on Mr Browns home.

　　[正] Ill call at Mr Browns home.

　　[析] 作拜訪講時，at后面接訪問地點，而on后面接訪問的人。

　　call on drop in visit

　　call on比較正式的為公務的訪問，如：We were called on by the old students. 而drop in則是比較隨便的走走，順便拜訪，如：If youre free, drop in. 而visit則是更正式的外交訪問或友好往來，如：My schools headmaster will visit America next week.

　　can

　　[誤] A blind man can not judge colours.

　　[正] A blind man cannot judge colours.

　　[誤] I cannt call for you at ten.

　　[正] I cant call for you at ten.

　　[析] can的否定形式應為cannot或cant.

　　[誤] Its only six oclock. That mustnt be the postman.

　　[正] Its only six oclock. That cant be the postman.

　　[析] must用來表示一種肯定的推斷，如：She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中則要用cant， 要表示對過去的推測則要用must+have+過去分詞的表達法，如：The lights have gone out.A fuse must have blown.而對過去的否定推測則多用cant+have+過去分詞，如：I dont think he can have heard you. Call again.

　　[誤] We could not help to laugh at once.

　　[正] We could not help laughing at once.

　　[正] We could not help but laugh at once.

　　[析] couldnt help+動名詞表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but與could not but后面要加不帶to的不定式，意思都是不得不去做某事.如：You could not (help) but respect him.

　　can be able to

　　can與be able to都可以用來表示能力，但can只有現在時與過去時，be able to則可用任何時態，如：He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示經過努力而達到的一次性動作則只能用be able to，如：He finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或：The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是這兩個詞都沒有進行時態，而be able to后面不接不定式的被動態。

　　can could

　　can與could都可以用在現在時的口語中，只是用could更為禮貌，語氣更委婉。如：Could you tell us a story

　　care

　　[誤] I dont care coffee.

　　[正] I dont care for coffee.

　　[誤] Take care for your steps.

　　[正] Take care of your steps.

　　[析] care for是對某物感興趣，而care of是關心，要當心某事，如：She didnt care for him. Take care of what you are doing.

　　[誤] I dont care where we will go if it doesnt rain.

　　[正] I dont care where we go if it doesnt rain.

　　[析] 在it doesnt matter, I dont care, I dont mind, 及in case引出的狀語從句后面要用現在時表示將來。如：Ive got a football in case we have time for a game.

　　change

　　[誤] I want to change my camera with that one.

　　[正] I want to change my camera for that one.

　　[析] change for為以某物為交換物。而change with則是隨而變，如：The woods colour changed with the season.

　　cheap

　　[誤] A teachers salary is generally very cheap.

　　[正] A teachers salary is generally very low.

　　[析] 工資的高低要用low，cheap是指價格便宜，如果要講物美價廉則要用not expensive, 如：This car is not expensive.

　　choose

　　[誤] We each had to have a choose of A or B.

　　[正] We each had to have a choice of A or B.

　　[析] choice是名詞，而choose是動詞。

　　class

　　[誤] The class is watching TV.

　　[正] The class are watching TV.

　　[析] class作主語時，如果作為整體講則應用單數形式的謂語動詞，如：The class was more than forty in number. 如考慮到具體的每個成員時則應用復數形式的謂語動詞，如：The class are, in general, very bright.

　　clean

　　[誤] Sorry, I didnt bought it here. I cleanly forgot.

　　[正] Sorry, I didnt bought it here. I clean forgot.

　　[析] clean可以作為副詞講，其意為完全，而cleanly則意為正確地、干凈利落地，如：The knife doesnt cut cleanly. 而clean作為形容詞講時意為清潔的、干凈的，如：Her face is not clean now.

　　clever

　　[誤] Im not clever in English.

　　[正] Im not clever at English.

　　[析] clever at是固定搭配，表示在某方面有特長。

　　close

　　[誤] It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.

　　[正] It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.

　　[析] 這里的close是動詞，意為關閉，而keep后要加形容詞，所以要用close的過去分詞形式closed作形容詞。作形容詞用的close意為近的、親密的。

　　[誤] Come closely so that I can see you.

　　[正] Come close so that I can see you.

　　[誤] Good teaching and good testing are close related.

　　[正] Good teaching and good testing are closely related.

　　[析] close,closely同樣可以作副詞用，但其意義不同，close是靠近、接近之意，而closely則是緊密、嚴密、密切之意。

　　[誤] My school was quite close from my home.

　　[正] My school was quite close to my home.

　　[析] 與接近是close to，例如：

　　He was close to fifty.

　　There is a busstop close to the station.

　　close shut turn

　　shut與close是同義詞，如close the door或shut the door. 但要講把某人關在門外時則只能用shut somebody out而不能用close，因shut語氣較強，并含有隔離之意。而turn off是指關上電視、電燈、煤氣之類，有切斷之意。

　　cloth

　　[誤] The children wear very good cloth to go to school.

　　[正] The children wear very good clothes to go to school.

　　[誤] I need a lot of clothing.

　　Im going to make a new cloth.

　　[正] I need a lot of cloth.

　　Im going to make a new dress.

　　[析] cloth是布、布料，沒有復數形式。一塊布料是a piece of cloth, 而clothes統指衣服，是復數名詞，一套衣服要講a suit of clothes， 如果是一件件衣服應講shirt, dress, sweater等。而clothing是衣物的總稱，是不可數名詞。例如：This clothing is needed in warm countries.Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英語中的dress是指比較正式的服裝，如a school dress(校服)，a student dress(學生套裝)，a working dress(工作服)。

　　coffee

　　[誤] Please give me two waters.

　　[正] Please give me two coffees.

　　[正] Please give me two cups of water.

　　[析] 雖然coffee, water, tea等都是物質名詞，但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的卻不行，其前要加a cup of或a glass of.

　　colour(color)

　　[誤] Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.

　　[正] Flowers are red, yellow and white.

　　[析] 中文的花的顏色有紅色、黃色和白色，若譯為英文Colours of flowers are，就顯得重復了。

　　[誤] I like green colour.

　　[正] I like green.

　　[正] I like colour green.

　　[析] colour green中的colour是green的同位語，所以這種說話方式英語是可以接受的。

　　come

　　[誤] I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.

　　[正] I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.

　　[析] come across是偶然碰見、遇見，要直接加賓語，如：Ive just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.

　　[誤] Where do you come from

　　I come from the station.

　　[正] Where did you come from

　　I came from the station.

　　[正] Where do you come from

　　I come from China.

　　[析] Where do you come from意為你是什么地方的人而Where did you come from則是你從何處來

　　[誤] The stars are coming out from the cloud.

　　[正] The stars are coming out of the cloud.

　　[析] come out of意為從地方出來。

　　come in come into enter

　　come in與come into的意義相同，但come into后面要加賓語，而come in后面不用賓語。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.

　　enter常作為及物動詞使用，如：The bus entered the English tunnel.

　　congratulate

　　[誤] I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.

　　[正] I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.

　　[析] 動詞congratulate somebody on something是向某人祝賀某事。其名詞congratulation在用時一般要用復數，如：I offered him my congratulations on his success.

　　又如：Congratulations!

　　cook

　　[誤] My father is a good cooker.

　　[正] My father is a good cook.

　　[析] 很多動詞加上er則變為執行該動作的一種人，如workworker,teachteacher. 但cook即是動詞做飯，同時名詞也是廚師。而cooker則是廚具、炊具之意。如：I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高壓鍋)。

　　corner

　　[誤] There is a post office in the corner of the street.

　　[正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.

　　[誤] A girl sat at the corner of the room.

　　[正] A girl sat in the corner of the room.

　　[析] in the corner是在建筑物內部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如：There is a big tree at the corner of the building.

　　cost

　　[誤] I cost ten dollars for the book.

　　[正] I spent ten dollars on the book.

　　[誤] I cost two hours to do my homework.

　　[正] It took me two hours to do my homework.

　　[析] cost, spend. take都可以作花費講，但用法不同。cost的用法是something+cost+somebody+時間或金錢，如：The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是somebody+spend+時間+(in)doing something，如：I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或somebody+spend+金錢+on something，如：I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法則要用邏輯主語it:It+takes+somebody+時間+to do something, 如：It took me an hour to clean the classroom.

　　country

　　[誤] You can find cows in a country.

　　[正] You can find cows in the country.

　　[析] country即可作國家講，也可作農村講。當作農村講時，一定要加定冠詞，而且只有單數形式。例如：

　　[誤] Farmers live in the countries.

　　[正] Farmers live in the country.

　　[析] 但作為國家講時則可有單、復數形式，例如：Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外，country一般指的是地理概念上的國家，如：New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族組成的國家，如：The Chinese nation(中華民族)。state多側重于政權方面的區域、國家范圍，如：the state farm(國營農場)。

　　cross

　　[誤] There are traffic lights at the cross.

　　[正] There are traffic lights at the crossing.

　　[析] cross作為名詞講時是十字架、十字形的東西，如：Red Cross(紅十字會)。

　　[誤] The little boy is going to across the street.

　　[正] The little boy is going to cross the street.

　　[析] across是副詞或介詞，但不能作動詞用。

　　cross pass

　　cross是指橫過某地，如：He crossed the square. 而pass則強調從某物體旁經過，如：I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.

　　crowd

　　[誤] The room soon was crowded by people.

　　[正] The room soon was crowded with people.

　　[析] crowded在這句話中應作為形容詞，所以這句話不是被動語態而是系表結構，如：The room was crowded with books.

　　cup

　　[誤] A silver glass was given to the winner.

　　[正] A silver cup was given to the winner.

　　[誤] My mother was looking for the whisky cup.

　　[正] My mother was looking for the whisky glass.

　　[析] glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而cup多指用陶瓷或金屬制成的杯子，且cup尤其用在獎杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如我們講I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不講I drink a cup of wine at supper.

　　call

　　[誤] Ill call at Mr Brown.

　　[正] Ill call on Mr Brown.

　　[誤] Ill call on Mr Browns home.

　　[正] Ill call at Mr Browns home.

　　[析] 作拜訪講時，at后面接訪問地點，而on后面接訪問的人。

　　call on drop in visit

　　call on比較正式的為公務的訪問，如：We were called on by the old students. 而drop in則是比較隨便的走走，順便拜訪，如：If youre free, drop in. 而visit則是更正式的外交訪問或友好往來，如：My schools headmaster will visit America next week.

　　can

　　[誤] A blind man can not judge colours.

　　[正] A blind man cannot judge colours.

　　[誤] I cannt call for you at ten.

　　[正] I cant call for you at ten.

　　[析] can的否定形式應為cannot或cant.

　　[誤] Its only six oclock. That mustnt be the postman.

　　[正] Its only six oclock. That cant be the postman.

　　[析] must用來表示一種肯定的推斷，如：She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中則要用cant， 要表示對過去的推測則要用must+have+過去分詞的表達法，如：The lights have gone out.A fuse must have blown.而對過去的否定推測則多用cant+have+過去分詞，如：I dont think he can have heard you. Call again.

　　[誤] We could not help to laugh at once.

　　[正] We could not help laughing at once.

　　[正] We could not help but laugh at once.

　　[析] couldnt help+動名詞表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but與could not but后面要加不帶to的不定式，意思都是不得不去做某事.如：You could not (help) but respect him.

　　can be able to

　　can與be able to都可以用來表示能力，但can只有現在時與過去時，be able to則可用任何時態，如：He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示經過努力而達到的一次性動作則只能用be able to，如：He finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或：The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是這兩個詞都沒有進行時態，而be able to后面不接不定式的被動態。

　　can could

　　can與could都可以用在現在時的口語中，只是用could更為禮貌，語氣更委婉。如：Could you tell us a story

　　care

　　[誤] I dont care coffee.

　　[正] I dont care for coffee.

　　[誤] Take care for your steps.

　　[正] Take care of your steps.

　　[析] care for是對某物感興趣，而care of是關心，要當心某事，如：She didnt care for him. Take care of what you are doing.

　　[誤] I dont care where we will go if it doesnt rain.

　　[正] I dont care where we go if it doesnt rain.

　　[析] 在it doesnt matter, I dont care, I dont mind, 及in case引出的狀語從句后面要用現在時表示將來。如：Ive got a football in case we have time for a game.

　　change

　　[誤] I want to change my camera with that one.

　　[正] I want to change my camera for that one.

　　[析] change for為以某物為交換物。而change with則是隨而變，如：The woods colour changed with the season.

　　cheap

　　[誤] A teachers salary is generally very cheap.

　　[正] A teachers salary is generally very low.

　　[析] 工資的高低要用low，cheap是指價格便宜，如果要講物美價廉則要用not expensive, 如：This car is not expensive.

　　choose

　　[誤] We each had to have a choose of A or B.

　　[正] We each had to have a choice of A or B.

　　[析] choice是名詞，而choose是動詞。

　　class

　　[誤] The class is watching TV.

　　[正] The class are watching TV.

　　[析] class作主語時，如果作為整體講則應用單數形式的謂語動詞，如：The class was more than forty in number. 如考慮到具體的每個成員時則應用復數形式的謂語動詞，如：The class are, in general, very bright.

　　clean

　　[誤] Sorry, I didnt bought it here. I cleanly forgot.

　　[正] Sorry, I didnt bought it here. I clean forgot.

　　[析] clean可以作為副詞講，其意為完全，而cleanly則意為正確地、干凈利落地，如：The knife doesnt cut cleanly. 而clean作為形容詞講時意為清潔的、干凈的，如：Her face is not clean now.

　　clever

　　[誤] Im not clever in English.

　　[正] Im not clever at English.

　　[析] clever at是固定搭配，表示在某方面有特長。

　　close

　　[誤] It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.

　　[正] It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.

　　[析] 這里的close是動詞，意為關閉，而keep后要加形容詞，所以要用close的過去分詞形式closed作形容詞。作形容詞用的close意為近的、親密的。

　　[誤] Come closely so that I can see you.

　　[正] Come close so that I can see you.

　　[誤] Good teaching and good testing are close related.

　　[正] Good teaching and good testing are closely related.

　　[析] close,closely同樣可以作副詞用，但其意義不同，close是靠近、接近之意，而closely則是緊密、嚴密、密切之意。

　　[誤] My school was quite close from my home.

　　[正] My school was quite close to my home.

　　[析] 與接近是close to，例如：

　　He was close to fifty.

　　There is a busstop close to the station.

　　close shut turn

　　shut與close是同義詞，如close the door或shut the door. 但要講把某人關在門外時則只能用shut somebody out而不能用close，因shut語氣較強，并含有隔離之意。而turn off是指關上電視、電燈、煤氣之類，有切斷之意。

　　cloth

　　[誤] The children wear very good cloth to go to school.

　　[正] The children wear very good clothes to go to school.

　　[誤] I need a lot of clothing.

　　Im going to make a new cloth.

　　[正] I need a lot of cloth.

　　Im going to make a new dress.

　　[析] cloth是布、布料，沒有復數形式。一塊布料是a piece of cloth, 而clothes統指衣服，是復數名詞，一套衣服要講a suit of clothes， 如果是一件件衣服應講shirt, dress, sweater等。而clothing是衣物的總稱，是不可數名詞。例如：This clothing is needed in warm countries.Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英語中的dress是指比較正式的服裝，如a school dress(校服)，a student dress(學生套裝)，a working dress(工作服)。

　　coffee

　　[誤] Please give me two waters.

　　[正] Please give me two coffees.

　　[正] Please give me two cups of water.

　　[析] 雖然coffee, water, tea等都是物質名詞，但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的卻不行，其前要加a cup of或a glass of.

　　colour(color)

　　[誤] Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.

　　[正] Flowers are red, yellow and white.

　　[析] 中文的花的顏色有紅色、黃色和白色，若譯為英文Colours of flowers are，就顯得重復了。

　　[誤] I like green colour.

　　[正] I like green.

　　[正] I like colour green.

　　[析] colour green中的colour是green的同位語，所以這種說話方式英語是可以接受的。

　　come

　　[誤] I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.

　　[正] I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.

　　[析] come across是偶然碰見、遇見，要直接加賓語，如：Ive just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.

　　[誤] Where do you come from

　　I come from the station.

　　[正] Where did you come from

　　I came from the station.

　　[正] Where do you come from

　　I come from China.

　　[析] Where do you come from意為你是什么地方的人而Where did you come from則是你從何處來

　　[誤] The stars are coming out from the cloud.

　　[正] The stars are coming out of the cloud.

　　[析] come out of意為從地方出來。

　　come in come into enter

　　come in與come into的意義相同，但come into后面要加賓語，而come in后面不用賓語。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.

　　enter常作為及物動詞使用，如：The bus entered the English tunnel.

　　congratulate

　　[誤] I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.

　　[正] I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.

　　[析] 動詞congratulate somebody on something是向某人祝賀某事。其名詞congratulation在用時一般要用復數，如：I offered him my congratulations on his success.

　　又如：Congratulations!

　　cook

　　[誤] My father is a good cooker.

　　[正] My father is a good cook.

　　[析] 很多動詞加上er則變為執行該動作的一種人，如workworker,teachteacher. 但cook即是動詞做飯，同時名詞也是廚師。而cooker則是廚具、炊具之意。如：I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高壓鍋)。

　　corner

　　[誤] There is a post office in the corner of the street.

　　[正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.

　　[誤] A girl sat at the corner of the room.

　　[正] A girl sat in the corner of the room.

　　[析] in the corner是在建筑物內部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如：There is a big tree at the corner of the building.

　　cost

　　[誤] I cost ten dollars for the book.

　　[正] I spent ten dollars on the book.

　　[誤] I cost two hours to do my homework.

　　[正] It took me two hours to do my homework.

　　[析] cost, spend. take都可以作花費講，但用法不同。cost的用法是something+cost+somebody+時間或金錢，如：The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是somebody+spend+時間+(in)doing something，如：I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或somebody+spend+金錢+on something，如：I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法則要用邏輯主語it:It+takes+somebody+時間+to do something, 如：It took me an hour to clean the classroom.

　　country

　　[誤] You can find cows in a country.

　　[正] You can find cows in the country.

　　[析] country即可作國家講，也可作農村講。當作農村講時，一定要加定冠詞，而且只有單數形式。例如：

　　[誤] Farmers live in the countries.

　　[正] Farmers live in the country.

　　[析] 但作為國家講時則可有單、復數形式，例如：Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外，country一般指的是地理概念上的國家，如：New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族組成的國家，如：The Chinese nation(中華民族)。state多側重于政權方面的區域、國家范圍，如：the state farm(國營農場)。

　　cross

　　[誤] There are traffic lights at the cross.

　　[正] There are traffic lights at the crossing.

　　[析] cross作為名詞講時是十字架、十字形的東西，如：Red Cross(紅十字會)。

　　[誤] The little boy is going to across the street.

　　[正] The little boy is going to cross the street.

　　[析] across是副詞或介詞，但不能作動詞用。

　　cross pass

　　cross是指橫過某地，如：He crossed the square. 而pass則強調從某物體旁經過，如：I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.

　　crowd

　　[誤] The room soon was crowded by people.

　　[正] The room soon was crowded with people.

　　[析] crowded在這句話中應作為形容詞，所以這句話不是被動語態而是系表結構，如：The room was crowded with books.

　　cup

　　[誤] A silver glass was given to the winner.

　　[正] A silver cup was given to the winner.

　　[誤] My mother was looking for the whisky cup.

　　[正] My mother was looking for the whisky glass.

　　[析] glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而cup多指用陶瓷或金屬制成的杯子，且cup尤其用在獎杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如我們講I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不講I drink a cup of wine at supper.