職稱英語理工類教材學(xué)習(xí)部分內(nèi)容及解析

　　職稱英語理工類教材學(xué)習(xí)部分內(nèi)容及解析

　　Rhythm controls everything in Nature. ___1___.

　　The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attraction causes the rising of the tide. ___2___. When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugal force causes the second tide of the day.

　　Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes, to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration. Since the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying eggs1 at the seaside in a set way2. To avoid predator fish3, the eggs are always far from seawater and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon4. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured. ___3___. .

　　Most of the mammals, either the giant elephant or the small shrew, have the same average total number of heartbeat in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight hundred million heartbeats5 throughout their life. The African elephant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute, and a life span6 of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life. ___4___.

　　As we get older, our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body. The elderly spend more time resting, and do few sports. ___5___. For a child, a week is seen as a long time.

　　詞匯：

　　rhythm n. 節(jié)奏

　　king crab n. 鱟

　　slap v. 拍擊

　　predator n. 食肉動(dòng)物

　　exert v. 施加

　　shrew n. 鼩鼱

　　gravitational adj. 重力作用的

　　tempo n. 節(jié)奏，速度

　　centrifugal adj. 離心力的

　　pulse n. 脈搏

　　strand v. 使擱淺

　　span n. 跨度

　　dehydration n. 脫水

　　physiological adj. 生理的

　　dinosaur n. 恐龍

　　注釋：

　　1. laying eggs：產(chǎn)卵

　　2. in a set way：以一種固有的方式

　　3. predator fish：食肉魚

　　4. undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon：經(jīng)受與月亮周期有關(guān)的巨大變化。related to the cycles of the moon 是過去分詞短語，作后置定語，修飾changes.

　　5. eight hundred million heartbeats： 8億次心跳

　　6. life span：一生

　　練習(xí)：

　　A. For an adult, time goes fast year by year.

　　B. It controls, for example, the flapping of birds wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun.

　　C. The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is.

　　D. The tide goes out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker.

　　E. We always tend to think all the animals have the same sense of time as human beings.

　　F. The second spring tide takes them back to the sea.

　　答案與題解：

　　1. B 空1 前面的句子 Rhythm controls everything in Nature 是主題句。空1 的句子應(yīng)該是陳述主題句的細(xì)節(jié)。選項(xiàng) B 的It con4rols，for example, the flapping of birds wing3, the beatingkof the heart and the rising and setting of the sun是主題句的例解。controls 是兩個(gè)句子的詞匯連接手段，兩個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容也連貫。所以，B 答案。

　　2. D 空2前面兩句說，月亮對(duì)大海施加力量和影響，其地心吸力造成漲潮。 空2后的句子涉及第二次漲潮。可以推斷，位于這兩個(gè)句子之間的空2的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與大海和潮汐有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)D說的是退潮。因此是答案。

　　3. F 第三段說到生長在潮汐地區(qū)的動(dòng)物具有預(yù)測(cè)潮汐的本能。然后舉 King crab 為例。鱟遠(yuǎn)離海岸產(chǎn)卵，并將之埋在沙下，防止食肉魚吞食。到第二次春潮來臨時(shí)，小鱟已破殼而出。 空3應(yīng)該填什么呢?選項(xiàng) F 出現(xiàn) second spring, 這是與上一句聯(lián)系的信號(hào)。再看內(nèi)容，它是上一句意思的自然發(fā)展。F 是答案。

　　4. C 第四段說到哺乳動(dòng)物不管壽命長短、體形大小，其一生心跳總次數(shù)大致相同。作者舉體形大、壽命長的大象和體形小、壽命短的 shrew (鼩鼱) 為例說明之。本段的倒數(shù)第二句是結(jié)論： The size of the body determines the speed of life.空4 應(yīng)該填什么呢?估計(jì)應(yīng)該與上述結(jié)論有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C 的The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is是對(duì)上一句的結(jié)論的細(xì)化說明。C 是答案。

　　5. A 第五段說到隨著年齡的增長，生理變化會(huì)影響人的時(shí)間感。空5前面一句說到老人，空5后面一句說到小孩。可以判斷，空5的內(nèi)容會(huì)涉及另一個(gè)年齡段。選項(xiàng) E 說了一個(gè)成年段。A 是答案。

　　職稱英語理工類教材學(xué)習(xí)部分內(nèi)容及解析

　　Rhythm controls everything in Nature. ___1___.

　　The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attraction causes the rising of the tide. ___2___. When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugal force causes the second tide of the day.

　　Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes, to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration. Since the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying eggs1 at the seaside in a set way2. To avoid predator fish3, the eggs are always far from seawater and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon4. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured. ___3___. .

　　Most of the mammals, either the giant elephant or the small shrew, have the same average total number of heartbeat in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight hundred million heartbeats5 throughout their life. The African elephant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute, and a life span6 of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life. ___4___.

　　As we get older, our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body. The elderly spend more time resting, and do few sports. ___5___. For a child, a week is seen as a long time.

　　詞匯：

　　rhythm n. 節(jié)奏

　　king crab n. 鱟

　　slap v. 拍擊

　　predator n. 食肉動(dòng)物

　　exert v. 施加

　　shrew n. 鼩鼱

　　gravitational adj. 重力作用的

　　tempo n. 節(jié)奏，速度

　　centrifugal adj. 離心力的

　　pulse n. 脈搏

　　strand v. 使擱淺

　　span n. 跨度

　　dehydration n. 脫水

　　physiological adj. 生理的

　　dinosaur n. 恐龍

　　注釋：

　　1. laying eggs：產(chǎn)卵

　　2. in a set way：以一種固有的方式

　　3. predator fish：食肉魚

　　4. undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon：經(jīng)受與月亮周期有關(guān)的巨大變化。related to the cycles of the moon 是過去分詞短語，作后置定語，修飾changes.

　　5. eight hundred million heartbeats： 8億次心跳

　　6. life span：一生

　　練習(xí)：

　　A. For an adult, time goes fast year by year.

　　B. It controls, for example, the flapping of birds wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun.

　　C. The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is.

　　D. The tide goes out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker.

　　E. We always tend to think all the animals have the same sense of time as human beings.

　　F. The second spring tide takes them back to the sea.

　　答案與題解：

　　1. B 空1 前面的句子 Rhythm controls everything in Nature 是主題句。空1 的句子應(yīng)該是陳述主題句的細(xì)節(jié)。選項(xiàng) B 的It con4rols，for example, the flapping of birds wing3, the beatingkof the heart and the rising and setting of the sun是主題句的例解。controls 是兩個(gè)句子的詞匯連接手段，兩個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容也連貫。所以，B 答案。

　　2. D 空2前面兩句說，月亮對(duì)大海施加力量和影響，其地心吸力造成漲潮。 空2后的句子涉及第二次漲潮。可以推斷，位于這兩個(gè)句子之間的空2的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與大海和潮汐有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)D說的是退潮。因此是答案。

　　3. F 第三段說到生長在潮汐地區(qū)的動(dòng)物具有預(yù)測(cè)潮汐的本能。然后舉 King crab 為例。鱟遠(yuǎn)離海岸產(chǎn)卵，并將之埋在沙下，防止食肉魚吞食。到第二次春潮來臨時(shí)，小鱟已破殼而出。 空3應(yīng)該填什么呢?選項(xiàng) F 出現(xiàn) second spring, 這是與上一句聯(lián)系的信號(hào)。再看內(nèi)容，它是上一句意思的自然發(fā)展。F 是答案。

　　4. C 第四段說到哺乳動(dòng)物不管壽命長短、體形大小，其一生心跳總次數(shù)大致相同。作者舉體形大、壽命長的大象和體形小、壽命短的 shrew (鼩鼱) 為例說明之。本段的倒數(shù)第二句是結(jié)論： The size of the body determines the speed of life.空4 應(yīng)該填什么呢?估計(jì)應(yīng)該與上述結(jié)論有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C 的The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is是對(duì)上一句的結(jié)論的細(xì)化說明。C 是答案。

　　5. A 第五段說到隨著年齡的增長，生理變化會(huì)影響人的時(shí)間感。空5前面一句說到老人，空5后面一句說到小孩。可以判斷，空5的內(nèi)容會(huì)涉及另一個(gè)年齡段。選項(xiàng) E 說了一個(gè)成年段。A 是答案。