2023年職稱英語考試常用語法詳解之名詞的數
與漢語不同,英語中名詞要區分可數與不可數。
籠統地講,物質名詞,如:water, iron, wood等, 和抽象名詞,如:democracy, freedom, happiness等為不可數。
不可數名詞前不能加a ,后面不能加s ,這是考試中對此類題目判斷的重要依據。
2、以下名詞為不可數名詞:
news information
furniture equipment
advice weather
work clothing
baggage醫學全在.線.提供.
work作 工作 解釋時為不可數名詞,找工作不能說to find a work, 應為to find a job; work作著作、作品解時是可數名詞,如:Deng Xiaopins works / a work about Deng Xiaopin ;作 工廠 解釋時,單復數同形:a steel works / two chemical works
實例:
We have a large staff but there ______ in the office.
A. havent many furnitures
B. arent many furnitures
C. hasnt much furniture
D. isnt enough furniture
解題思路:根據名詞數的概念A、B肯定錯,不必考慮;C、D的主要差異是hasnt與 isnt, 句子中有there,說明該句是there be句型,故正確答案為D.題中staff, office 等詞與解題無關。
注意辨別句子中斜體詞的數及其意義:
There is still much room for improvement.
He has published two important papers on this subject.
3、以下名詞單復數同形:
means headquarters
works species
aircraft Chinese
sheep fish
中國的計量單位:li, yuan, mu等
實例:
Every means has been tried out, but without satisfactory results.
4、形式上是復數的學科名稱,如physics , statistics, dynamics 作單數看待;時間、距離、鈔票、重量等復數,可以看作一個整體作單數處理,如:Two days is not enough for me to finish the task.
5、名詞做另一名詞的修飾語:
一般用單數形式,如:a college student中的college 為單數形式。
注意:
以下名詞做另一名詞修飾語時要用復數形式:sport a sportsman / sale a sales department / savings a savings account / communication a communications satellite / greeting a greetings cable
不規則名詞修飾另一名詞時數的變化:a woman doctor two women doctors / the Chinese womens volleyball team / a children hospital
6、family, group, police,committee, team, box, audience等詞,可以是單數,也可以是復數,關鍵要看題目所給的提示,例如:
The whole box of matches _____ wet; I couldnt light a simple one
A. was
B. is
C. were
D. are
解題思路:這道題如果沒有后半句I couldnt light a simple one,是沒辦法解答的。這句話提示了兩點:
時態為過去時,故B、D已不可能了;
a simple one說明是指盒子內的一根根火柴,故答案為C.試想,如果我們把后半句改為 I had to throw it away, 那么正確答案應是A.
所以,看清題目的提示對于解題是非常重要的。
7、注意以下表達方式中名詞的復數形式
to be / make friends with
to change places with
to make preparations for
to give regards to
to make matters worse
to hurt feelings
to be all smiles
to take sides
to have words with
to burst into tears
與漢語不同,英語中名詞要區分可數與不可數。
籠統地講,物質名詞,如:water, iron, wood等, 和抽象名詞,如:democracy, freedom, happiness等為不可數。
不可數名詞前不能加a ,后面不能加s ,這是考試中對此類題目判斷的重要依據。
2、以下名詞為不可數名詞:
news information
furniture equipment
advice weather
work clothing
baggage醫學全在.線.提供.
work作 工作 解釋時為不可數名詞,找工作不能說to find a work, 應為to find a job; work作著作、作品解時是可數名詞,如:Deng Xiaopins works / a work about Deng Xiaopin ;作 工廠 解釋時,單復數同形:a steel works / two chemical works
實例:
We have a large staff but there ______ in the office.
A. havent many furnitures
B. arent many furnitures
C. hasnt much furniture
D. isnt enough furniture
解題思路:根據名詞數的概念A、B肯定錯,不必考慮;C、D的主要差異是hasnt與 isnt, 句子中有there,說明該句是there be句型,故正確答案為D.題中staff, office 等詞與解題無關。
注意辨別句子中斜體詞的數及其意義:
There is still much room for improvement.
He has published two important papers on this subject.
3、以下名詞單復數同形:
means headquarters
works species
aircraft Chinese
sheep fish
中國的計量單位:li, yuan, mu等
實例:
Every means has been tried out, but without satisfactory results.
4、形式上是復數的學科名稱,如physics , statistics, dynamics 作單數看待;時間、距離、鈔票、重量等復數,可以看作一個整體作單數處理,如:Two days is not enough for me to finish the task.
5、名詞做另一名詞的修飾語:
一般用單數形式,如:a college student中的college 為單數形式。
注意:
以下名詞做另一名詞修飾語時要用復數形式:sport a sportsman / sale a sales department / savings a savings account / communication a communications satellite / greeting a greetings cable
不規則名詞修飾另一名詞時數的變化:a woman doctor two women doctors / the Chinese womens volleyball team / a children hospital
6、family, group, police,committee, team, box, audience等詞,可以是單數,也可以是復數,關鍵要看題目所給的提示,例如:
The whole box of matches _____ wet; I couldnt light a simple one
A. was
B. is
C. were
D. are
解題思路:這道題如果沒有后半句I couldnt light a simple one,是沒辦法解答的。這句話提示了兩點:
時態為過去時,故B、D已不可能了;
a simple one說明是指盒子內的一根根火柴,故答案為C.試想,如果我們把后半句改為 I had to throw it away, 那么正確答案應是A.
所以,看清題目的提示對于解題是非常重要的。
7、注意以下表達方式中名詞的復數形式
to be / make friends with
to change places with
to make preparations for
to give regards to
to make matters worse
to hurt feelings
to be all smiles
to take sides
to have words with
to burst into tears