英語(yǔ)講義【73】片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
請(qǐng)看下面這段對(duì)話,它的特色在于四個(gè)片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,使會(huì)話顯得輕松靈活:
X: Why cant Mary go to the picnic with us ?
Y: Because something important cropped up and she had to see to it.
X: Too Bad ! Can we do without her ?
Y: No, I think we had better put off the picnic until next Saturday.
什么是片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(Phrasal Verbs)呢?
片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中最常見的一種慣用語(yǔ),由動(dòng)詞+介詞/ 副詞構(gòu)成,有一個(gè)意思,甚至多個(gè)意思,其作用等于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,可以是及物動(dòng)詞(The Transitive Verb),有賓語(yǔ),如:see to, do without, put off等,也可以是不及物動(dòng)詞(The Intransitive Verb),沒(méi)賓語(yǔ),如crop up, speak up, opt out等。
這些是二字一體的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,數(shù)目很多;也有三字一體 的,數(shù)目少得多,如:do away with, go back on, zero in on , hold on to, speak up for等。它們的構(gòu)成成分是:動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞。
二字一體的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的兩個(gè)字有些可以分開,有些則不可分開。如果是前者的話,那么它的名詞賓語(yǔ)可以擺在后面(見例①)或在兩個(gè)字之間(見例②):
⑴ I have left out a word.
⑵ I have left a word out.
如果賓語(yǔ)是代詞,就必須在二字之間,如:
⑶ I have left it out.
不可以說(shuō):I have left out it .
可分開的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞情況如此,不可分開的又怎樣呢?不可分開的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),不管是名詞或代詞,都要在后面才出現(xiàn),如:
⑷ X: When did you run into Mr Lee?
Y: I ran into him Yesterday.
文章開頭話里的四個(gè)片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,除了put off之外,其他三個(gè)都是不可分開的。此外,三字一體的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律不可分開,如:
⑸ Can the government do away with examinations?(廢除)
⑹ Dont go back on your promise.(違背)
⑺ The rich should not look down on the poor. (輕視)
⑻ We must all work hard to keep up with the times.(趕上)
綜上所述,片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的確是種頗具特色的慣用語(yǔ),極富生命力,可以在書寫時(shí)用,更可以在口語(yǔ)中用;主要原因是片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,脫口而出,毫無(wú)發(fā)音上的困難。因此應(yīng)該多用片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞交談,不要過(guò)分依賴同義的單字單詞。試比較下列四句話:
⑼ a. The police are looking into the accident.
b. The police are investigating the accident.
⑽ a. The firemen have put out the blaze.
b. The firemen have extinguished the blaze.
⑾ a. Can we do away with all the old customs?
b. Can we abandon all the old customs?
⑿ a. Is it possible to wipe out social ills?
b. Is it possible to eliminate social ills?
在這四句中,是⑼a-⑿a 的難,還是⑼b-⑿b的易?如果答案是前者,那末就要加油,豐富你的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,然后與單字單詞交替使用,讓英語(yǔ)更鏗鏘,更灑脫。
請(qǐng)看下面這段對(duì)話,它的特色在于四個(gè)片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,使會(huì)話顯得輕松靈活:
X: Why cant Mary go to the picnic with us ?
Y: Because something important cropped up and she had to see to it.
X: Too Bad ! Can we do without her ?
Y: No, I think we had better put off the picnic until next Saturday.
什么是片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(Phrasal Verbs)呢?
片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中最常見的一種慣用語(yǔ),由動(dòng)詞+介詞/ 副詞構(gòu)成,有一個(gè)意思,甚至多個(gè)意思,其作用等于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,可以是及物動(dòng)詞(The Transitive Verb),有賓語(yǔ),如:see to, do without, put off等,也可以是不及物動(dòng)詞(The Intransitive Verb),沒(méi)賓語(yǔ),如crop up, speak up, opt out等。
這些是二字一體的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,數(shù)目很多;也有三字一體 的,數(shù)目少得多,如:do away with, go back on, zero in on , hold on to, speak up for等。它們的構(gòu)成成分是:動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞。
二字一體的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的兩個(gè)字有些可以分開,有些則不可分開。如果是前者的話,那么它的名詞賓語(yǔ)可以擺在后面(見例①)或在兩個(gè)字之間(見例②):
⑴ I have left out a word.
⑵ I have left a word out.
如果賓語(yǔ)是代詞,就必須在二字之間,如:
⑶ I have left it out.
不可以說(shuō):I have left out it .
可分開的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞情況如此,不可分開的又怎樣呢?不可分開的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),不管是名詞或代詞,都要在后面才出現(xiàn),如:
⑷ X: When did you run into Mr Lee?
Y: I ran into him Yesterday.
文章開頭話里的四個(gè)片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,除了put off之外,其他三個(gè)都是不可分開的。此外,三字一體的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律不可分開,如:
⑸ Can the government do away with examinations?(廢除)
⑹ Dont go back on your promise.(違背)
⑺ The rich should not look down on the poor. (輕視)
⑻ We must all work hard to keep up with the times.(趕上)
綜上所述,片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的確是種頗具特色的慣用語(yǔ),極富生命力,可以在書寫時(shí)用,更可以在口語(yǔ)中用;主要原因是片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,脫口而出,毫無(wú)發(fā)音上的困難。因此應(yīng)該多用片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞交談,不要過(guò)分依賴同義的單字單詞。試比較下列四句話:
⑼ a. The police are looking into the accident.
b. The police are investigating the accident.
⑽ a. The firemen have put out the blaze.
b. The firemen have extinguished the blaze.
⑾ a. Can we do away with all the old customs?
b. Can we abandon all the old customs?
⑿ a. Is it possible to wipe out social ills?
b. Is it possible to eliminate social ills?
在這四句中,是⑼a-⑿a 的難,還是⑼b-⑿b的易?如果答案是前者,那末就要加油,豐富你的片語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,然后與單字單詞交替使用,讓英語(yǔ)更鏗鏘,更灑脫。