2011高考英語閱讀理解匯編:科普知識類（上海卷）
Humpback whales
whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The name humpback, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whales back forms as it dives.
Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement, known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.
A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.
The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black, and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same.
Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex songs.
Quick Facts
Size:
14m~18m in length
30~50 tons in weight
Living environment:
Open ocean and shallow coastline waters
Migration:
From warm tropical (熱帶的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat.
Diet:
Shellfish, plants and fish of small size
Hunting:
Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a net around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.
Current state:
Endangered: it is estimated that there are about 5000~7000 humpback whales worldwide.According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale ______.
69. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale _____.
A. cannot survive in waters near the shore B. doesnt live in the same waters all the time
C. lives mainly on underwater plants D. prefers t work alone when hunting food
70. To make a breach, a humpback whale must _____
A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water B. twist its body sideways t jump high
C. blow two streams of water D. communicate with a group of humpbacks
71. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ________.
A. has its unique markings on its tail flukes B. has black and white fingerprints
C. gets its name from the way it hunts D. is a great performer due to its songs
答案：BAA
（2011上海卷）C
Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists(考古學家) says. I a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their deep and widespread concern about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.
Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice, they write.
The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.
The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.
Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.
Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we wee led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.
The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.
72. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because _________.
A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains
B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research
C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge
D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains
73. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.
B. Human remains of the oldest species wee dug out at Happisburgh.
C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.
D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.
74. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?
A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.
B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.
C. The law on human remains hasnt changed in recent decades.
D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.
75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.
B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.
C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.
D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn.
答案：BCDD
Humpback whales
whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The name humpback, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whales back forms as it dives.
Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement, known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.
A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.
The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black, and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same.
Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex songs.
Quick Facts
Size:
14m~18m in length
30~50 tons in weight
Living environment:
Open ocean and shallow coastline waters
Migration:
From warm tropical (熱帶的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat.
Diet:
Shellfish, plants and fish of small size
Hunting:
Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a net around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.
Current state:
Endangered: it is estimated that there are about 5000~7000 humpback whales worldwide.According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale ______.
69. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale _____.
A. cannot survive in waters near the shore B. doesnt live in the same waters all the time
C. lives mainly on underwater plants D. prefers t work alone when hunting food
70. To make a breach, a humpback whale must _____
A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water B. twist its body sideways t jump high
C. blow two streams of water D. communicate with a group of humpbacks
71. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ________.
A. has its unique markings on its tail flukes B. has black and white fingerprints
C. gets its name from the way it hunts D. is a great performer due to its songs
答案：BAA
（2011上海卷）C
Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists(考古學家) says. I a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their deep and widespread concern about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.
Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice, they write.
The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.
The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.
Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.
Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we wee led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.
The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.
72. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because _________.
A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains
B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research
C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge
D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains
73. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.
B. Human remains of the oldest species wee dug out at Happisburgh.
C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.
D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.
74. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?
A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.
B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.
C. The law on human remains hasnt changed in recent decades.
D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.
75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.
B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.
C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.
D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn.
答案：BCDD
