09屆中考英語并列句復習
09屆中考英語并列句復習
并列句和復合句
課標要求及命題趨勢
句子的基本結構有三個:簡單句,并列句,復合句.簡單句已在上一講中講過.本講我們主要說后兩者.由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞and, but, for, so, or等或分號連在一起構成的句子,叫并列句.而由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子,叫復合句.句子是考試的熱點.特別是復合句更是必考內容.所以在學習時,要注意區別與聯系.
一網打盡
并列句及并列連詞
知識點 復合句
主謂一致
指點迷津
一 并列句
由連詞連接兩個分句組成的句子叫并列句。這些分句平行并列,而且同等重要,能夠獨立成句。連接分句的有并列連詞和主從連詞。
并列連詞:and, but, or, nor, for, whereas, while, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut(also).
主從連詞:so, therefore, however, still, yet, then等。
并列句中的前后兩句可以根據意思或分為四種關系。
(1)同等關系and/not onlybut also/neithernor,用連詞and, not onlybut also, neithernor或者用逗號,有時也用分號連接兩個簡單句,構成并列句。
如:He could neither read nor write
He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.
(2)轉折關系but, yet, still, while, when, 用連詞but, yet, still, while, when連接兩個句子時,前后兩句為轉折關系。
如:Tom was not there but his brother was (there).
There was no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping.
(3)選擇關系or, eitheror.
用連詞or, eitheror,連接兩個句子時,前后兩句為選擇關系。
如:Either you didn't understand this, or you were not careful enough
(4)因果關系for, so.
用連詞for, so連接兩個句子時,前后兩句為因果關系。
如:He hurried, for it was getting dark.
He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him
二 復合句
復合句中包括兩個或更多的分句,其中一個分句是主句,其余的分句是從句。從句就是一個分句在主句中充當一個成分,如主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語等。
從句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么從句。
1.主語從句
用作主語的從句叫作主語從句。主語從句一般都是作謂語動詞的主語,偶爾也可以作分詞的主語。
(1) 由what, whatever, whoever等代詞引導主語從句。
如: What she likes is watching the children play
Whatever you have heard must be kept secret
Whoever fails to pass the exam will be dismissed
(2)that引導
It is tight that you told him the truth
(3) 由連接副詞whether, when, how, where, why引導主語從句。
如:Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery
Whether we can help you is a difficult question
When the meeting will be held has not been decided
(4)主語從句后移
主語從句雖然可以放在謂語的前面,但是當主語從句較長而謂語較短時,常用代詞作形式主語,而把主語從句放到句子后邊。
如:It is uncertain whether he wants to go or not
It turned out true that he had done nothing wrong
2. 表語從句
用作表語的從句叫作表語從句,通常由that, what, where, why, ho等連接詞引導。
(1) if, whether, that引導表語從句,有時也用as, because, as if, as though, lest引導表語從句。
如:The question is that we must be good at learning from others.
It looks as if it's going to rain
(2) what, which, who等連接代詞。
如: That is what I want to tell you
The question is which of the classes we choose to be the excellent one
(3)how, when, where, why等連接副詞。
如:The question is how we can help him
That is why he has been late
三 主謂一致
英語句子由主語謂語組成。謂語包括謂語動詞、賓語、賓補、表語、定語、狀語等成分。其中謂語動詞是其核心,謂語動詞在人稱和數上要跟主語保持一致。主謂一致一般遵循以下三個原則:
(1) 語法一致原則,即謂語動詞同主語在單復數形式上保持一致。
如:He is from Beijing
We are sure it will rain
(2) 概念上一致,即謂語動詞的單復數取決于主語表達的概念。
如:His family are well
Both Father and Mother agree with me
(3) 鄰近一致原則,即謂語動詞的數與前面緊鄰的詞保持一致。
如:There is a pen and some pencils in the box.
Neither he nor I am here
1)人稱、數的一致。如:
I am a student
You ate a student/students
He is Sack
2)主語是抽象概念,不可數名詞,由some, any, no, every, one, body, thing等組成的不定代詞(復合代詞),表示計算等時,動詞用單數。如:
Milk is white
Nobody is going there
Everything is ready
3)people, police其謂語動詞用復數。如:
There are many people in the park
The police are on duty
4)集體名詞 family, class, team, group等看作整體時,謂語動詞用單數;看作每一個成員時,謂語動詞則用復數。如:
My family is a big one
5)與and連接的并列主語表示不同的人和物時,謂語動詞用復數,表示一個概念則用單數。如
Lucy and Lily are twins
Both he and I are workers
6)用and連接的并列單數主語有 every, each, no等修飾時,謂語動詞用單數。如:
Every girl and every boy is hero
Each girl and each boy has got a new book
No man and no woman knows him
7)主語是單數,后跟with, as well as, but, except等組成的短語時,其謂語動詞用單數。如:
He as well as I is a teacher
The woman with a baby is my mother
8)none作代詞有單數之意,也有復數之意。故謂語動詞根據主語之意定。如:
None of us has got a computer
None of us have heard of it
9)金錢、距離、時間、重量、長度等復數名詞作主語,通常當作整體看,謂語動詞用單數。如:
Three yuan is enough to pay for the pen
10)trousers, shoes, glasses等作主語,謂語動詞用復數。如:
A pair of trousers costs20 yuan
Some pairs of shoes have been sent to me
11) most of, half of, some of, part of, a lot of 修飾名(代)詞作主語,謂語動詞與后的名詞、代詞的數保持一致。如:
Most of the people don't speak Chinese in England
Half of the news is true
Some of the boys come to school late
Part of the work was done by me
12) news, maths, physics等詞貌似復數,實為單數,其謂語動詞用單數。如:
The news is good
13) many a (man)(許多人),more than one(person)(不止一人)作主語,意思是復數,因后跟名詞是單數,故動詞也用單數。如:
Many a man has caught a cold
14) either...or, neither...,not only...but also...作主語,謂語動詞與離它最近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數方面保持一致。如:
Either he or I am wrong
Neither you nor he is right
15) There be句型中謂語動詞也與離它最近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數方面保持一致。如:
There is a pen and some books on the desk
There are some books and a pen on the desk
16) 單復數相同的詞如:Chinese, deer, sheep等作主語,其謂語動詞要具體情況決定用單數或復數。如:
There is a sheep on the hill
Many sheep are eating grass now
17) 書刊名詞(復數),組織名稱,國家名稱,格言等作主語,謂語動詞用單數或復數。如:
Dickens' American Notes was published in 1842
18) 不定式、動我詞、從句作主語,謂語動詞用單數。
Seeing is believing
Who did the work is unknown
To do it is not easy for us
講解面對面
例1. The doctors tried their best to save the patient's life, ______ failed.
(2005, 上海)
A. or B. so C. but D. because
思維導航:此題考查連詞的使用.
解答:根據句意醫生們盡力挽救失敗了,前后應該是表示轉折,所以選C.
拓展延伸:應區分開不同連詞之間的意思.
例2. ---What do you think of the book about Harry Potter? (2005, 武漢)
---I like it very much. It's ______ interesting ______ exciting.
A. neither nor B. not but
C. not only but also D. either, or
思維導航:此題考查詞組的使用.
解答:根據句意 我喜歡,應該是表示肯定的, A項表否定, 既不也不,B項不是而是, C項 不但而且,D項 不是就是.所以選C.
拓展延伸:應區分開不同詞組之間的意思.
例3. Tigers and bears are very dangerous. That's ______ they have to stay in cages in the zoo. (2005, 福建寧德)
A. why B. where C. how D. what
思維導航:此題考查表語從句。
解答:根據句意 老虎和熊非常危險。這就是它們為什么得呆在籠子里的原因,可知答案應該是A。
拓展延伸:一些從句是固定搭配,應在學習中注意積累與運用。
例4. We can't go there together. _____ you _____I can go.(2005, 海南)
A. Both, and B. Either, or
C. Neither, nor D. Between, and
思維導航:此題考查詞組的使用.
解答:根據句意 我們不能一起去.要么你去要么我去.A項 兩者都,B項 不是就是,C項 既不也不, D項 在之間.所以選B.
拓展延伸:應區分開不同詞組之間的意思.
大展身手
( ) 1.All the students except Lin Tao ______ here.
A. are B. is C. be D. am
( ) 2. Tom with his friends ______ shopping on Sundays.
A. go B. goes C. went D. gone
( ) 3. Hurry up, ______ we are late.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
( ) 4. He likes singing, ______ his sister doesn't.
A. because B. so C. and D. but
( ) 5. Not only my parents bus also I ______ interested in the book.
A. are B. is C. am D. were
( ) 6. Two hundred dollars ______ enough for the TV.
A. are B. is C. am D. will
( ) 7. The old _____ taken good care of in our country.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
( ) 8. Ten and two ______ twelve.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 9. Take exercise every day, _______ you will become stronger and healthier.
A. or B. and C. but D. while
( )10. Never give up, ______ you will make it.
A. and B. but C. or D. yet
-
09屆中考英語并列句復習
并列句和復合句
課標要求及命題趨勢
句子的基本結構有三個:簡單句,并列句,復合句.簡單句已在上一講中講過.本講我們主要說后兩者.由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞and, but, for, so, or等或分號連在一起構成的句子,叫并列句.而由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子,叫復合句.句子是考試的熱點.特別是復合句更是必考內容.所以在學習時,要注意區別與聯系.
一網打盡
并列句及并列連詞
知識點 復合句
主謂一致
指點迷津
一 并列句
由連詞連接兩個分句組成的句子叫并列句。這些分句平行并列,而且同等重要,能夠獨立成句。連接分句的有并列連詞和主從連詞。
并列連詞:and, but, or, nor, for, whereas, while, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut(also).
主從連詞:so, therefore, however, still, yet, then等。
并列句中的前后兩句可以根據意思或分為四種關系。
(1)同等關系and/not onlybut also/neithernor,用連詞and, not onlybut also, neithernor或者用逗號,有時也用分號連接兩個簡單句,構成并列句。
如:He could neither read nor write
He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.
(2)轉折關系but, yet, still, while, when, 用連詞but, yet, still, while, when連接兩個句子時,前后兩句為轉折關系。
如:Tom was not there but his brother was (there).
There was no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping.
(3)選擇關系or, eitheror.
用連詞or, eitheror,連接兩個句子時,前后兩句為選擇關系。
如:Either you didn't understand this, or you were not careful enough
(4)因果關系for, so.
用連詞for, so連接兩個句子時,前后兩句為因果關系。
如:He hurried, for it was getting dark.
He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him
二 復合句
復合句中包括兩個或更多的分句,其中一個分句是主句,其余的分句是從句。從句就是一個分句在主句中充當一個成分,如主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語等。
從句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么從句。
1.主語從句
用作主語的從句叫作主語從句。主語從句一般都是作謂語動詞的主語,偶爾也可以作分詞的主語。
(1) 由what, whatever, whoever等代詞引導主語從句。
如: What she likes is watching the children play
Whatever you have heard must be kept secret
Whoever fails to pass the exam will be dismissed
(2)that引導
It is tight that you told him the truth
(3) 由連接副詞whether, when, how, where, why引導主語從句。
如:Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery
Whether we can help you is a difficult question
When the meeting will be held has not been decided
(4)主語從句后移
主語從句雖然可以放在謂語的前面,但是當主語從句較長而謂語較短時,常用代詞作形式主語,而把主語從句放到句子后邊。
如:It is uncertain whether he wants to go or not
It turned out true that he had done nothing wrong
2. 表語從句
用作表語的從句叫作表語從句,通常由that, what, where, why, ho等連接詞引導。
(1) if, whether, that引導表語從句,有時也用as, because, as if, as though, lest引導表語從句。
如:The question is that we must be good at learning from others.
It looks as if it's going to rain
(2) what, which, who等連接代詞。
如: That is what I want to tell you
The question is which of the classes we choose to be the excellent one
(3)how, when, where, why等連接副詞。
如:The question is how we can help him
That is why he has been late
三 主謂一致
英語句子由主語謂語組成。謂語包括謂語動詞、賓語、賓補、表語、定語、狀語等成分。其中謂語動詞是其核心,謂語動詞在人稱和數上要跟主語保持一致。主謂一致一般遵循以下三個原則:
(1) 語法一致原則,即謂語動詞同主語在單復數形式上保持一致。
如:He is from Beijing
We are sure it will rain
(2) 概念上一致,即謂語動詞的單復數取決于主語表達的概念。
如:His family are well
Both Father and Mother agree with me
(3) 鄰近一致原則,即謂語動詞的數與前面緊鄰的詞保持一致。
如:There is a pen and some pencils in the box.
Neither he nor I am here
1)人稱、數的一致。如:
I am a student
You ate a student/students
He is Sack
2)主語是抽象概念,不可數名詞,由some, any, no, every, one, body, thing等組成的不定代詞(復合代詞),表示計算等時,動詞用單數。如:
Milk is white
Nobody is going there
Everything is ready
3)people, police其謂語動詞用復數。如:
There are many people in the park
The police are on duty
4)集體名詞 family, class, team, group等看作整體時,謂語動詞用單數;看作每一個成員時,謂語動詞則用復數。如:
My family is a big one
5)與and連接的并列主語表示不同的人和物時,謂語動詞用復數,表示一個概念則用單數。如
Lucy and Lily are twins
Both he and I are workers
6)用and連接的并列單數主語有 every, each, no等修飾時,謂語動詞用單數。如:
Every girl and every boy is hero
Each girl and each boy has got a new book
No man and no woman knows him
7)主語是單數,后跟with, as well as, but, except等組成的短語時,其謂語動詞用單數。如:
He as well as I is a teacher
The woman with a baby is my mother
8)none作代詞有單數之意,也有復數之意。故謂語動詞根據主語之意定。如:
None of us has got a computer
None of us have heard of it
9)金錢、距離、時間、重量、長度等復數名詞作主語,通常當作整體看,謂語動詞用單數。如:
Three yuan is enough to pay for the pen
10)trousers, shoes, glasses等作主語,謂語動詞用復數。如:
A pair of trousers costs20 yuan
Some pairs of shoes have been sent to me
11) most of, half of, some of, part of, a lot of 修飾名(代)詞作主語,謂語動詞與后的名詞、代詞的數保持一致。如:
Most of the people don't speak Chinese in England
Half of the news is true
Some of the boys come to school late
Part of the work was done by me
12) news, maths, physics等詞貌似復數,實為單數,其謂語動詞用單數。如:
The news is good
13) many a (man)(許多人),more than one(person)(不止一人)作主語,意思是復數,因后跟名詞是單數,故動詞也用單數。如:
Many a man has caught a cold
14) either...or, neither...,not only...but also...作主語,謂語動詞與離它最近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數方面保持一致。如:
Either he or I am wrong
Neither you nor he is right
15) There be句型中謂語動詞也與離它最近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數方面保持一致。如:
There is a pen and some books on the desk
There are some books and a pen on the desk
16) 單復數相同的詞如:Chinese, deer, sheep等作主語,其謂語動詞要具體情況決定用單數或復數。如:
There is a sheep on the hill
Many sheep are eating grass now
17) 書刊名詞(復數),組織名稱,國家名稱,格言等作主語,謂語動詞用單數或復數。如:
Dickens' American Notes was published in 1842
18) 不定式、動我詞、從句作主語,謂語動詞用單數。
Seeing is believing
Who did the work is unknown
To do it is not easy for us
講解面對面
例1. The doctors tried their best to save the patient's life, ______ failed.
(2005, 上海)
A. or B. so C. but D. because
思維導航:此題考查連詞的使用.
解答:根據句意醫生們盡力挽救失敗了,前后應該是表示轉折,所以選C.
拓展延伸:應區分開不同連詞之間的意思.
例2. ---What do you think of the book about Harry Potter? (2005, 武漢)
---I like it very much. It's ______ interesting ______ exciting.
A. neither nor B. not but
C. not only but also D. either, or
思維導航:此題考查詞組的使用.
解答:根據句意 我喜歡,應該是表示肯定的, A項表否定, 既不也不,B項不是而是, C項 不但而且,D項 不是就是.所以選C.
拓展延伸:應區分開不同詞組之間的意思.
例3. Tigers and bears are very dangerous. That's ______ they have to stay in cages in the zoo. (2005, 福建寧德)
A. why B. where C. how D. what
思維導航:此題考查表語從句。
解答:根據句意 老虎和熊非常危險。這就是它們為什么得呆在籠子里的原因,可知答案應該是A。
拓展延伸:一些從句是固定搭配,應在學習中注意積累與運用。
例4. We can't go there together. _____ you _____I can go.(2005, 海南)
A. Both, and B. Either, or
C. Neither, nor D. Between, and
思維導航:此題考查詞組的使用.
解答:根據句意 我們不能一起去.要么你去要么我去.A項 兩者都,B項 不是就是,C項 既不也不, D項 在之間.所以選B.
拓展延伸:應區分開不同詞組之間的意思.
大展身手
( ) 1.All the students except Lin Tao ______ here.
A. are B. is C. be D. am
( ) 2. Tom with his friends ______ shopping on Sundays.
A. go B. goes C. went D. gone
( ) 3. Hurry up, ______ we are late.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
( ) 4. He likes singing, ______ his sister doesn't.
A. because B. so C. and D. but
( ) 5. Not only my parents bus also I ______ interested in the book.
A. are B. is C. am D. were
( ) 6. Two hundred dollars ______ enough for the TV.
A. are B. is C. am D. will
( ) 7. The old _____ taken good care of in our country.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
( ) 8. Ten and two ______ twelve.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 9. Take exercise every day, _______ you will become stronger and healthier.
A. or B. and C. but D. while
( )10. Never give up, ______ you will make it.
A. and B. but C. or D. yet
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