雅思閱讀：劍橋雅思閱讀長難句分析（8）

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雅思閱讀：劍橋雅思閱讀長難句分析（8）

　　1. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.

　　分析：本句的主句為A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that 其中that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.為that引導的賓語從句，做claim的賓語;在賓語從句中having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves為現在分詞短語作狀語，在該賓語從句中做原因狀語，ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.也是現在分詞短語做狀語，在該賓語從句中做時間狀語。

　　2. An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out.

　　分析：本句的主句為An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects actions as a result of the social environment其中to see the teacher-subjects actions as a result of the social environment為不定式作表語賓語;under which the experiment was carried out.為賓語從句，關系詞為which, 做the social environment的定語。

　　3. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting.

　　分析：本句主句為An action such as shocking a victim acquires a completely different meaningwhich in isolation appears evil為定語從句，關系詞為which, 作An action的定語;when placed in this setting為時間狀語從句。

　　4. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.

　　分析：本句的主句為the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structuressurrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.為現在分詞短語作狀語，做主句的伴隨狀語。

　　5. Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.

　　分析：本句的主句為we have two radically different explanations for whywhy so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.為why引導的賓語從句，作介詞for的賓語。

　　6. One form of pollution the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem.

　　分析：本句為并列句，One form of pollution does appear to be a phenomenon和but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem并列，由but連接;破折號中內容為解釋說明部分，解釋One form of pollution;that is going to extend well into our future為定語從句，做a phenomenon的定語，關系詞為that。

　　7. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.

　　分析：本句的主句為opinion polls suggest that其中that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality為that引導的賓語從句，作suggest的賓語;that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.為that引導的同位語從句，做the belief的同位語，并且在該同位語從句中，environmental standards are declining和four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality并列，由and連接。

　　8. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields.

　　分析：本句主句為That would matter lessif people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying為if引導的條件狀語從句;as they do to lobby groups in other fields為定語從句，做the same degree of skepticism的定語，關系詞為as。

　　9. Yet a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.

　　分析：本句的主句為a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic其中opposing such a weakening為現在分詞短語作定語，作a green organization的定語;even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.為even if引導的讓步狀語從句;而其中they are doing more harm than good為賓語從句，引導詞that被省掉。

　　10. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste.

　　分析：本句主句為People worry thatthat the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste.為that引導的賓語從句，作worry的賓語;其中everyone throws away為定語從句，作stuff的定語，關系詞為that, 因其在定語從句中作賓語，因此被省掉。

　　11. Yet, even if Americas trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.

　　分析：本句的主句為all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.其中America produces為定語從句，作all the rubbish的定語，關系詞在定語從句中作賓語，被省掉;even if Americas trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past,和even if the American population doubles by 2100兩個從句并列，皆為even if引導的讓步狀語從句。