六級沖刺備考的翻譯技巧（16）
33. The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning as atmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration. （4）
水文循環（hydrologic cycle），作為該學科中的一個主要課題，指的是水經過的諸現象的整個循環過程，開始時是作為大氣中的水蒸氣，轉而作為雨、雪、露、雹一類的降水量經過液體和固體形態，由此而沿著地層表面分布或進入地層表面，最終通過蒸發和散發作用再度回復到大氣水蒸氣的形態。
難句類型：復雜修飾、插入語、省略
水文循環（hydrologic cycle），作為該學科中的一個主要課題，指的是水經過的諸現象的整個循環過程，開始時是作為大氣中的水蒸氣，轉而作為雨、雪、露、雹一類的降水量經過液體和固體形態，由此而沿著地層表面分布或進入地層表面，最終通過蒸發和散發作用再度回復到大氣水蒸氣的形態。
解釋：beginning開始的一系列分詞都是修飾主語The hydrologic cycle的，分別是beginning/passing/passing/returning。值得注意的是，thence along and into the grund surfacee 是thence passing along and entering into the ground surfacee的省略形式，但是看上去意思卻很清楚。類似這樣的省略，是出題者合理地利用了省略來達到改編學術論文時壓縮文章篇幅的目的。
意群訓練：The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning as atmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration.
34. Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.（4）
只有當一個系統擁有自然的或人工形成的邊界來把邊界中的水與水文循環聯系起來的時候，才有可能把整個的系統恰當的成為與水文地質學有關。
難句類型：復雜修飾、倒裝
解釋：only放在句首時，主句的情態動詞may倒裝，這是我們高中就已經學過的東西。然而句首的only與倒裝的may距離如此之遠，這在以前卻沒有見過，以讀上去讓人不習慣。另外一個難點在于，前面的由when引導的時間狀語從句中，賓語boundaries后面跟了一個定語從句，that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle,而且從句中的associate with又被water within it分開，讀者還要分神去考慮it指的是什么，以讀到后面倒裝的may的時候，難免不知云。意群訓練：Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.
35. The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontierthat is，the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system. （4）
史學家弗雷德里克.杰.特納（Frederick J.Turner）于十九世紀九十年代著述道，美國約自18世紀70年代以來一直在持續不斷發展的農民不滿，由于國內邊遠地區（internal frontier）的封閉而更趨加劇亦即是說，美國農業系統進一步擴展必需的可資利用的新土地幾近耗竭。
33. The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning as atmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration. （4）
水文循環（hydrologic cycle），作為該學科中的一個主要課題，指的是水經過的諸現象的整個循環過程，開始時是作為大氣中的水蒸氣，轉而作為雨、雪、露、雹一類的降水量經過液體和固體形態，由此而沿著地層表面分布或進入地層表面，最終通過蒸發和散發作用再度回復到大氣水蒸氣的形態。
難句類型：復雜修飾、插入語、省略
水文循環（hydrologic cycle），作為該學科中的一個主要課題，指的是水經過的諸現象的整個循環過程，開始時是作為大氣中的水蒸氣，轉而作為雨、雪、露、雹一類的降水量經過液體和固體形態，由此而沿著地層表面分布或進入地層表面，最終通過蒸發和散發作用再度回復到大氣水蒸氣的形態。
解釋：beginning開始的一系列分詞都是修飾主語The hydrologic cycle的，分別是beginning/passing/passing/returning。值得注意的是，thence along and into the grund surfacee 是thence passing along and entering into the ground surfacee的省略形式，但是看上去意思卻很清楚。類似這樣的省略，是出題者合理地利用了省略來達到改編學術論文時壓縮文章篇幅的目的。
意群訓練：The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning as atmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration.
34. Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.（4）
只有當一個系統擁有自然的或人工形成的邊界來把邊界中的水與水文循環聯系起來的時候，才有可能把整個的系統恰當的成為與水文地質學有關。
難句類型：復雜修飾、倒裝
解釋：only放在句首時，主句的情態動詞may倒裝，這是我們高中就已經學過的東西。然而句首的only與倒裝的may距離如此之遠，這在以前卻沒有見過，以讀上去讓人不習慣。另外一個難點在于，前面的由when引導的時間狀語從句中，賓語boundaries后面跟了一個定語從句，that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle,而且從句中的associate with又被water within it分開，讀者還要分神去考慮it指的是什么，以讀到后面倒裝的may的時候，難免不知云。意群訓練：Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.
35. The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontierthat is，the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system. （4）
史學家弗雷德里克.杰.特納（Frederick J.Turner）于十九世紀九十年代著述道，美國約自18世紀70年代以來一直在持續不斷發展的農民不滿，由于國內邊遠地區（internal frontier）的封閉而更趨加劇亦即是說，美國農業系統進一步擴展必需的可資利用的新土地幾近耗竭。
