雅思閱讀:初探是非判斷題難點

　　1. 關于False和Not Given的解釋

　　Students generally find this type of exercise rather difficult. One reason is that they are used to doing true and false exercises where the false covers false and not given. Then when they come to do true, false or not given, they cannot make the distinction between the three different types of contradiction and not given. It is therefore important that students are able to understand what false means in true, false and not given. There are three types of contradictions:

　　學生通常發現這種題型很難。其中的原因之一是這些學生習慣于做true和false題目，其中的false涵蓋了false和not given兩種情況。所以當學生在做true, false和 not given的題目時他們無法區分三個不同種類的矛盾對立狀況和not given的區別。因此，學生要理解false的含義。總共有三種矛盾對立狀況：

　　statements which are the opposite of the original text.

　　命題與原文內容對立。

　　statements which are the opposite of the original text, because they are negative.

　　命題與原文對立，因為命題否定原文內容。

　　statements where the information is not the opposite or negative, but the information in the statement contradicts that given in the text.

　　命題信息既不對立也不否定，但是和原文內容矛盾。

　　Look at the examples below relating to the text and exercises:

　　Example 1

　　原文：Hurricanes have winds of at least 74 miles per hour.

　　題目：Hurricanes are winds with the speed of up to 74 miles per hour.

　　分析：由于原文中的核心內容是at least 74 miles per hour，而題目中是up to 74 miles per hour。因此，這就是False的第一種情況：命題與原文內容對立。

　　Example 2

　　原文：As forecasting improved communities were no longer surprised by hurricanes and could take measures to evacuate ahead of the storm. While destruction still continues, the number of deaths in hurricanes has dropped significantly.

　　題目：The destruction caused by hurricanes has ceased due to improvements in forecasting.

　　分析：原文的核心內容是While destruction still continues，而題目中的內容是The destruction caused by hurricanes has ceased。因此，這就是False的第二種情況：命題否定原文內容。

　　Example 3

　　原文：In 1609, a fleet of ships carrying settlers from England to Virginia USA was struck by a hurricane. Some of the ships were damaged and part of the fleet grounded on Bermuda, an isolated nation in the Atlantic. These passengers became the first people to live on Bermuda.

　　題目：The first people to live on Bermuda were settlers who chose to live there as alternative to England.

　　分析：通過原文和題目比較我們發現：沒有明顯的對立和否定的詞匯出現。而是通過句式結構的轉換產生了題目和文章信息的矛盾。因此，這就是False的第三種情況。

　　1. 關于False和Not Given的解釋

　　Students generally find this type of exercise rather difficult. One reason is that they are used to doing true and false exercises where the false covers false and not given. Then when they come to do true, false or not given, they cannot make the distinction between the three different types of contradiction and not given. It is therefore important that students are able to understand what false means in true, false and not given. There are three types of contradictions:

　　學生通常發現這種題型很難。其中的原因之一是這些學生習慣于做true和false題目，其中的false涵蓋了false和not given兩種情況。所以當學生在做true, false和 not given的題目時他們無法區分三個不同種類的矛盾對立狀況和not given的區別。因此，學生要理解false的含義。總共有三種矛盾對立狀況：

　　statements which are the opposite of the original text.

　　命題與原文內容對立。

　　statements which are the opposite of the original text, because they are negative.

　　命題與原文對立，因為命題否定原文內容。

　　statements where the information is not the opposite or negative, but the information in the statement contradicts that given in the text.

　　命題信息既不對立也不否定，但是和原文內容矛盾。

　　Look at the examples below relating to the text and exercises:

　　Example 1

　　原文：Hurricanes have winds of at least 74 miles per hour.

　　題目：Hurricanes are winds with the speed of up to 74 miles per hour.

　　分析：由于原文中的核心內容是at least 74 miles per hour，而題目中是up to 74 miles per hour。因此，這就是False的第一種情況：命題與原文內容對立。

　　Example 2

　　原文：As forecasting improved communities were no longer surprised by hurricanes and could take measures to evacuate ahead of the storm. While destruction still continues, the number of deaths in hurricanes has dropped significantly.

　　題目：The destruction caused by hurricanes has ceased due to improvements in forecasting.

　　分析：原文的核心內容是While destruction still continues，而題目中的內容是The destruction caused by hurricanes has ceased。因此，這就是False的第二種情況：命題否定原文內容。

　　Example 3

　　原文：In 1609, a fleet of ships carrying settlers from England to Virginia USA was struck by a hurricane. Some of the ships were damaged and part of the fleet grounded on Bermuda, an isolated nation in the Atlantic. These passengers became the first people to live on Bermuda.

　　題目：The first people to live on Bermuda were settlers who chose to live there as alternative to England.

　　分析：通過原文和題目比較我們發現：沒有明顯的對立和否定的詞匯出現。而是通過句式結構的轉換產生了題目和文章信息的矛盾。因此，這就是False的第三種情況。