2023年雅思閱讀長難句解析
雅思閱讀考試的部分，在一個小時的時間里要求眾多烤鴨們完成三篇8001200詞的文章閱讀和題目解答，對于很多人來說，這個時間是不夠進行完全閱讀的。要最有效率地善用時間，拿到自己滿意的分數，我們可以從兩個方面入手：一方面是技巧，知道怎樣依據題目給出的指向，去文章的什么地方尋找答案;另一方面則是硬碰硬的速讀能力，很快地掃描全文，然后挑揀出有用信息所在的句子。從長遠角度來看，后者對于各位鴨鴨們更為重要，畢竟考到了滿意的分數只是開始而非結束，去了自己心儀的學校以后還是要接受鋪天蓋地的英語材料轟炸。特別是對于準備時間比較充分因此相對從容的同學，不如就從雅思備考的這個階段開始準備吧。
英語的句式結構其實很簡單：主謂賓和主系表。主謂賓是誰干什么，比如羊吃草。潔白可愛的小綿羊蹦蹦跳跳歡快活潑地在一望無垠的廣闊草原上幸福愉快地吃著鮮嫩碧綠的青草一樣也是主謂賓，只不過修飾成分多了些、顯得唐僧了些而已。主系表是誰是什么，復雜版本參考同上。要很快地理解這樣的句子，我們就要學會迅速地抓出句子的主干也就是羊吃草的部分，至于其它的修飾部分可以先不過大腦。如果主干顯示本句子中包含了解題信息的話，此時再去細細查看題目要問的細節信息也不遲。這樣的抓主干技巧一旦熟練，要有充分的時間通讀三篇文章、保證不遺漏任何信息地做題，也不是什么不可完成的任務了。特別是對于那些原本語言功底就不錯、希望能以閱讀這一項的得分再提高一下總成績的同學來說，這是真正的終極技巧，要達到保8望9也是很有希望的哦：)
針對兩種句式結構的抓主干方法，簡單說來如下：
化繁為簡看懂句子
主謂賓結構：尋找謂語動詞
主系表結構：尋找系動詞
也就是說，無論哪種句式，我們都要在心里默念尋找動詞這個原則，以模糊匹配的方式來對應最有意義的那個動詞，進而確認動詞之前的主語和動詞之后的賓語或表語。
一個句子之所以能夠拉長，除了在一個簡單句中加上許多修飾成分之外，還有可能是長出了枝干也就是加了從句，或者是由連詞和平衡結構把若干簡單句合并在了一起。雅思長難句最頻繁出現的情況包括如下幾種：
定語從句：that, which, who,
狀語從句：v+ing
尋找平衡結構：三大連詞 and/or/but，
not onlybut also
notbut
no more/longer/less than
asas
not so as . . .
還有一種特殊主系表值得單獨說一說：
There be句型：尋找中心詞
這個句型之所以特殊，是因為系動詞和表語都已經以倒裝的形式給出來了，欠缺的只是一個主語中心詞而已，因此我們看到了there be開頭的句子，一定先集中精力尋找到那個中心點。此外，這個句子是一些同學在雅思作文考場上易犯錯誤的地方。在時間緊迫的壓力下，可能會有同學不自覺地受到了中文思維的影響，寫出諸如There are many people do something.此類的句子，如果在模擬考試的時候發現自己曾經犯過這類筆誤，建議大家在考場上給自己留出1、2分鐘的檢查時間來。檢查方法也很簡單，把there be兩個詞遮住，如果剩下的部分還能讀出一個完整的句子來，則原本的句子必定是有問題的，可以迅速把there be這兩個詞擦掉。
除了be動詞外，還有一些there be形式的變體：
There come/comes/came
There appear/appears/appeared
There emerge/emerges/emerged
There may/might be
There can/could be
There happen to be
There used to be
There is/are going to be
其中后兩個句子中說到的情況一定是不存于當下的，在判斷題中容易被揪出來做文章，出題思路是細節不一致的類型，答案多為FALSE。
結合課堂講解的部分，有時間的同學可以練習一下快速理解以下這些來自劍橋考題當中的長難句：
1. There are examples of languages that have survived in written form and then been revived by later generations.
2. In New Zealand, classes for children have slowed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language.
3. The former US policy of running Indian reservations schools in English, for example, effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list.
4. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear.
5. However, it wasnt until the discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop.
6. What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are.
7. In the Native American Navajo nation, which sprawls across four states in the American south-west, the native language is dying.
8. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one.
9. Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide what proportion of the communitys total resources should be spent on health-care; how resources are to be apportioned; what diseases and diabilities and which forms of treatment are to be given priority; which members of the community are to be given special consideration in respect of their health needs; and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective.
10. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining if they are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order.
11. The spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future.
12. Animals at play often use unique signstail-wagging in dogs, for exampleto indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behaviour is not really in earnest.
雅思閱讀考試的部分，在一個小時的時間里要求眾多烤鴨們完成三篇8001200詞的文章閱讀和題目解答，對于很多人來說，這個時間是不夠進行完全閱讀的。要最有效率地善用時間，拿到自己滿意的分數，我們可以從兩個方面入手：一方面是技巧，知道怎樣依據題目給出的指向，去文章的什么地方尋找答案;另一方面則是硬碰硬的速讀能力，很快地掃描全文，然后挑揀出有用信息所在的句子。從長遠角度來看，后者對于各位鴨鴨們更為重要，畢竟考到了滿意的分數只是開始而非結束，去了自己心儀的學校以后還是要接受鋪天蓋地的英語材料轟炸。特別是對于準備時間比較充分因此相對從容的同學，不如就從雅思備考的這個階段開始準備吧。
英語的句式結構其實很簡單：主謂賓和主系表。主謂賓是誰干什么，比如羊吃草。潔白可愛的小綿羊蹦蹦跳跳歡快活潑地在一望無垠的廣闊草原上幸福愉快地吃著鮮嫩碧綠的青草一樣也是主謂賓，只不過修飾成分多了些、顯得唐僧了些而已。主系表是誰是什么，復雜版本參考同上。要很快地理解這樣的句子，我們就要學會迅速地抓出句子的主干也就是羊吃草的部分，至于其它的修飾部分可以先不過大腦。如果主干顯示本句子中包含了解題信息的話，此時再去細細查看題目要問的細節信息也不遲。這樣的抓主干技巧一旦熟練，要有充分的時間通讀三篇文章、保證不遺漏任何信息地做題，也不是什么不可完成的任務了。特別是對于那些原本語言功底就不錯、希望能以閱讀這一項的得分再提高一下總成績的同學來說，這是真正的終極技巧，要達到保8望9也是很有希望的哦：)
針對兩種句式結構的抓主干方法，簡單說來如下：
化繁為簡看懂句子
主謂賓結構：尋找謂語動詞
主系表結構：尋找系動詞
也就是說，無論哪種句式，我們都要在心里默念尋找動詞這個原則，以模糊匹配的方式來對應最有意義的那個動詞，進而確認動詞之前的主語和動詞之后的賓語或表語。
一個句子之所以能夠拉長，除了在一個簡單句中加上許多修飾成分之外，還有可能是長出了枝干也就是加了從句，或者是由連詞和平衡結構把若干簡單句合并在了一起。雅思長難句最頻繁出現的情況包括如下幾種：
定語從句：that, which, who,
狀語從句：v+ing
尋找平衡結構：三大連詞 and/or/but，
not onlybut also
notbut
no more/longer/less than
asas
not so as . . .
還有一種特殊主系表值得單獨說一說：
There be句型：尋找中心詞
這個句型之所以特殊，是因為系動詞和表語都已經以倒裝的形式給出來了，欠缺的只是一個主語中心詞而已，因此我們看到了there be開頭的句子，一定先集中精力尋找到那個中心點。此外，這個句子是一些同學在雅思作文考場上易犯錯誤的地方。在時間緊迫的壓力下，可能會有同學不自覺地受到了中文思維的影響，寫出諸如There are many people do something.此類的句子，如果在模擬考試的時候發現自己曾經犯過這類筆誤，建議大家在考場上給自己留出1、2分鐘的檢查時間來。檢查方法也很簡單，把there be兩個詞遮住，如果剩下的部分還能讀出一個完整的句子來，則原本的句子必定是有問題的，可以迅速把there be這兩個詞擦掉。
除了be動詞外，還有一些there be形式的變體：
There come/comes/came
There appear/appears/appeared
There emerge/emerges/emerged
There may/might be
There can/could be
There happen to be
There used to be
There is/are going to be
其中后兩個句子中說到的情況一定是不存于當下的，在判斷題中容易被揪出來做文章，出題思路是細節不一致的類型，答案多為FALSE。
結合課堂講解的部分，有時間的同學可以練習一下快速理解以下這些來自劍橋考題當中的長難句：
1. There are examples of languages that have survived in written form and then been revived by later generations.
2. In New Zealand, classes for children have slowed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language.
3. The former US policy of running Indian reservations schools in English, for example, effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list.
4. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear.
5. However, it wasnt until the discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop.
6. What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are.
7. In the Native American Navajo nation, which sprawls across four states in the American south-west, the native language is dying.
8. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one.
9. Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide what proportion of the communitys total resources should be spent on health-care; how resources are to be apportioned; what diseases and diabilities and which forms of treatment are to be given priority; which members of the community are to be given special consideration in respect of their health needs; and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective.
10. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining if they are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order.
11. The spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future.
12. Animals at play often use unique signstail-wagging in dogs, for exampleto indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behaviour is not really in earnest.
