2024屆高三英語(yǔ)一輪語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)真題:時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
【2024新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I】24.If we ________ now to protect the environment,we'll live to regret it.
A.hadn't acted
B.haven't acted
C.don't act
D.won't act
【解析】 本題考查時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。A項(xiàng)hadn't acted是過去完成時(shí),表示“過去的過去”;B項(xiàng)haven't acted是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),指的是過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果;C項(xiàng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)常性行為;D項(xiàng)won't act是一般將來(lái)時(shí),指的是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。句意:如果我們現(xiàn)在不保護(hù)環(huán)境,將來(lái)我們會(huì)后悔的。根據(jù)“在含有條件或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí),那么從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)”這一語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,以及該題主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了一般將來(lái)時(shí)的客觀事實(shí)來(lái)判斷,本題答案選C項(xiàng)。【答案】 C
27.When I first met Bryan I didn't like him,but I ______ my mind.
A.have changed
B.change
C.had changed
D.would change
【解析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法區(qū)別。A項(xiàng)have changed是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),指的是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果;B項(xiàng)change是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài);C項(xiàng)had changed是過去完成時(shí),指動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去;D項(xiàng)would change是過去將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)我第一次遇到布萊恩的時(shí)候,我不喜歡他,但是我(現(xiàn)在)改變了主意”斷定,轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞but后面的句子強(qiáng)調(diào)的是作者現(xiàn)在的看法,即改變了過去的看法,對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響是“現(xiàn)在喜歡布萊恩了”,因此答案選A項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在met之前,在這里是不符合邏輯的,故排除。【答案】 A
7.We ________ very early so we packed the night before.
A.leave
B.had left
C.were leaving
D.have left
【解析】 題干的意思是:“我們很早________,因此我們前一晚上就把東西打包了。”根據(jù)句中的packed可知此處應(yīng)用過去的時(shí)態(tài),所以排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)常識(shí)及句意可知,pack要發(fā)生在leave之前,所以排除B項(xiàng),had left表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。故選C項(xiàng),leave的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示過去將來(lái)。【答案】 C
23.Shakespeare's play Hamlet________into at least ten different films over the past years.
A.had been made
B.was made
C.has been made
D.would be made
【解析】 題干的意思是:近幾年來(lái)莎士比亞的戲劇《哈姆雷特》已經(jīng)被拍成了至少10部不同的電影。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over the past years可知本句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),make與Hamlet為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用make的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故正確答案為C項(xiàng)。掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(尤其是in/over/during the last/past years)以及主、被動(dòng)關(guān)系是解題關(guān)鍵。【答案】 C
25.—Do you think Mom and Dad________late?
—No. Swiss Air is usually on time.
A.were
B.will be
C.would be
D.have been
【解析】 題干的意思是:“你覺得爸爸媽媽會(huì)來(lái)晚嗎?”“不會(huì)的。瑞士航空通常很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。”由語(yǔ)境可知,爸爸媽媽還沒到,因此“遲到”應(yīng)發(fā)生在將來(lái),要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。A項(xiàng)為一般過去時(shí);C項(xiàng)為過去將來(lái)時(shí);D項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),均不符合語(yǔ)境。故正確答案為B項(xiàng)。把握語(yǔ)境是解題關(guān)鍵。【答案】 B
28.Hurry up! Mark and Carol________us.
A.expect
B.a(chǎn)re expecting
C.have expected
D.will expect
【解析】 題干的意思是:快點(diǎn)!馬克和卡羅爾正在等著我們。由前置語(yǔ)境Hurry up!可知,expect動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。A項(xiàng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性行為;C項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果;D項(xiàng)為一般將來(lái)時(shí),表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái),均不符合語(yǔ)境。故正確答案為B項(xiàng)。把握關(guān)鍵信息(如常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的look,listen,be quiet,hurry up等)是解題關(guān)鍵。【答案】 B
13.The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________ one of the main pipes.
A.had repaired
B.have repaired
C.repaired
D.a(chǎn)re repairing
【解析】 句意為“供水暫時(shí)已被切斷,因?yàn)楣と藗冋谛奁渲幸粋€(gè)主管道”。根據(jù)has been cut off判斷應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)。再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)temporarily可以判斷出repair是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。【答案】 D
21.I felt very tired when I got home, and I________straight to bed.
A.go B.went
C.had gone
D.have gone
【解析】 句意:我到家時(shí)感覺很累,就直接去睡覺了。and連接并列分句,由and前的分句中的felt和got可知,后一分句用一般過去時(shí)。【答案】 B
33.A Midsummer Night's Dream________at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.
A.opens
B.is opened
C.will open
D.will be opened
【解析】 句意:《仲夏夜之夢(mèng)》于6月19日在皇家劇院演出,然后在蘇格蘭巡演。表示動(dòng)作按照計(jì)劃發(fā)生,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),且由后一句的關(guān)鍵詞tours可知,空格處也應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。open表示“公開演出”,是不及物動(dòng)詞,故可排除表被動(dòng)的B項(xiàng)(因?yàn)椴患拔飫?dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)),所以答案為A。【答案】 A
24.I didn't think I'd like the movie,but actually it ______ pretty good.
A.has been
B.was
C.had been
D.would be
【解析】 句意:我(以前)以為我不會(huì)喜歡這部電影,但實(shí)際上它相當(dāng)好。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵信息“I didn't think”知空格處的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該和過去時(shí)有關(guān),所以排除A項(xiàng);后一句“電影確實(shí)很好”是一個(gè)過去的事實(shí),故用一般過去時(shí)。選項(xiàng)C是過去完成時(shí),在句中未體現(xiàn)電影好是發(fā)生在過去的過去,因此排除C項(xiàng);選項(xiàng)D是過去將來(lái)時(shí),不符合句意。【答案】 B
27.—Oh no!We're too late.The train ________.
—That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London.
A.was leaving
B.had left
C.has left
D.has been leaving
【解析】 句意:“噢,不!我們太晚了。火車已經(jīng)離開了。”“沒什么。我們將乘坐下一班去倫敦的火車。”根據(jù)對(duì)話中的關(guān)鍵信息“我們太晚了”以及“我們將乘坐下一班火車”可知他們要乘坐的火車已經(jīng)走了,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。選項(xiàng)A為過去進(jìn)行時(shí),選項(xiàng)B為過去完成時(shí),選項(xiàng)D為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),均不符合題意。【答案】 C
10.During the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ________ sharply.
A.was increasing
B.has increased
C.had increased
D.will be increasing
【解析】 題干的意思是:“在過去的三十年里,參加健身計(jì)劃的人數(shù)急劇增加。”由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)during the last three decades可知,本句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),所以正確答案為B項(xiàng)。注意對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in/during/over the last/past ten years,so far,since...等的積累。【答案】 B
26.The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
A.took
B.is taking
C.takes
D.has been taking
【解析】 題干的意思是:“這個(gè)女孩對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)很感興趣,在過去的3年里一直一周兩次去上羽毛球課。”本題的關(guān)鍵信息是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over the last three years,表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的過去的3年時(shí)間。“take”這個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去到現(xiàn)在一直有規(guī)律地(一周兩次)持續(xù),并且有可能持續(xù)下去,符合現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn),所以選D項(xiàng)。本題的干擾項(xiàng)是C項(xiàng),做題時(shí)要注意抓住關(guān)鍵信息——時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。【答案】 D
25.—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—Sure.I ________ a report at home.
A.will be writing
B.will have written
C.have written
D.have been writing
【解析】 句意:——明天上午我可以借用你的汽車嗎?——當(dāng)然可以。那時(shí)候,我將在家寫報(bào)告呢。由題干中的關(guān)鍵信息詞tomorrow morning可知,雙方在談?wù)撁魈焐衔绲氖虑椤K源鹫Z(yǔ)應(yīng)用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),表示“明天上午我將在家寫報(bào)告”。【答案】 A
34.—What about your self-drive trip yesterday?
—Tiring! The road is being widened,and we ________ a rough ride.
A.had
B.have
C.would have
D.have had
【解析】 句意:——昨天的自駕游如何?——太累人了!道路正在拓寬,駕車十分難行。解時(shí)態(tài)題關(guān)鍵是找準(zhǔn)能揭示句子的時(shí)間基點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ),例如本題中應(yīng)抓住關(guān)鍵詞yesterday,講的是昨天的事情,所以用一般過去時(shí)。【答案】 A
22.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he ________ it for a very long time.
A.has had
B.had had
C.has
D.had
【解析】 句意:他把自己的吉他賣掉時(shí)并不高興。畢竟,他擁有這把吉他已經(jīng)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。由句意知,他“擁有吉他”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“賣掉吉他”之前,而“賣掉吉他”發(fā)生在過去,因此空格處的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去,故用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。【答案】 B
22.“What do you want to be?”asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh,I________president,”said the boy,with a smile.
A.have been
B.a(chǎn)m
C.was
D.will be
【解析】 題干的意思是:“‘你想要當(dāng)什么?’克勞福德太太問。‘哦,我想當(dāng)總統(tǒng),’男孩微笑著說(shuō)。”由題意可知此處表示男孩的意愿,故用will be。【答案】 D
24.Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat________us.
A.bothers
B.had bothered
C.would bother
D.bothered
【解析】 題干的意思是:“每天夜里2點(diǎn)左右,休就會(huì)開始說(shuō)夢(mèng)話。這多少有點(diǎn)打擾我們。”根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“around two o'clock every night”可知此處敘述的是每天夜里都發(fā)生的事情,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。題干中的every night是關(guān)鍵詞,是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的常見時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。【答案】 A
27.—Have you heard about the recent election?
—Sure, it________the only thing on the news for the last three days.
A.would be
B.is
C.has been
D.will be
【解析】 題干的意思是:“你聽說(shuō)過有關(guān)最近選舉的事情了嗎?”“當(dāng)然,這已經(jīng)成為最近三天報(bào)道的唯一話題。”根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“for the last three days”可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故答案為C。for the last three days是本題的關(guān)鍵信息,它多與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。【答案】 C
34.—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I'm so sorry. But I________my homework.
A.had done
B.was doing
C.would do
D.a(chǎn)m doing
【解析】 題干的意思是:“我無(wú)法理解你昨天下午為什么沒去聽講座。”“對(duì)不起,但是那時(shí)我在做作業(yè)。”根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知“做作業(yè)”是昨天下午舉行講座的那段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),由此可知答案為B。【答案】 B
3.Hurry up,kids! The school bus________for us!
A.waits
B.was waiting
C.waited
D.is waiting
【解析】 題干的意思是:孩子們,快點(diǎn)!校車正在等著我們呢!由題中的關(guān)鍵信息Hurry up,kids!可知此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在或一直在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。B、C兩項(xiàng)都是過去的時(shí)態(tài),所以排除。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,所以排除A。【答案】 D
24.I'm calling about the apartment you ________ the other day.Could you tell me more about it?
A.a(chǎn)dvertised
B.had advertised
C.a(chǎn)re advertising
D.will advertise
【解析】 句意:我現(xiàn)在打電話是咨詢一下你前幾天登廣告的那套住房的。你能告訴我有關(guān)它的更多信息嗎?you ________ the other day為定語(yǔ)從句,由從句中的關(guān)鍵詞the other day(前幾天)可知從句用過去時(shí)。【答案】 A
35.I________to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.
A.come
B.came
C.a(chǎn)m coming
D.was coming
【解析】 句意:我打算那天晚些時(shí)候來(lái)看你,但是我不得不打電話取消。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和come的用法特點(diǎn)可知,此處是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來(lái)時(shí)。【答案】 D
11.On Monday mornings it usually________me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
A.takesB.is taking
C.took
D.will take
【解析】 題干的意思是:“雖然只有20英里的實(shí)際距離,但是在每周一的早上我通常會(huì)花費(fèi)一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間開車去上班。”題干中“it takes sb.+一段時(shí)間+to do”為固定句型,意為“做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”。從該句給出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)on Monday mornings可知“在每周一的早上”都是這樣的;另外,副詞usually也暗示了該動(dòng)作的反復(fù)性,所以此處要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。【答案】 A
17.Jim________a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.
A.watched
B.had watched
C.was watching
D.would be watching
【解析】 題干的意思是:“吉姆在家看一部午夜電影,看到中間一幕驚險(xiǎn)的場(chǎng)景時(shí),屏幕上突然出現(xiàn)一片空白。”該句考查be doing...when...結(jié)構(gòu),意為“正在做……就在這時(shí)(突然)……”。從后面的動(dòng)作went blank可知“看電影”發(fā)生在過去;并且是當(dāng)吉姆正在看的時(shí)候,所以該題要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),即was watching。【答案】 C32.—So what is the procedure?
—All the applicants________before a final decision is made by the authority.
A.interview
B.a(chǎn)re interviewing
C.a(chǎn)re interviewed
D.a(chǎn)re being interviewed
【解析】 題干的意思是:“那么程序是什么樣?”“所有的應(yīng)征者都被面試后官方才作出最后的決定。”interview與主語(yǔ)applicants之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故排除A、B兩項(xiàng);并且此處表示的是具體的程序,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故正確答案為C項(xiàng)。【答案】 C
26.If nothing________, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A.does
B.had been done
C.will do
D.is done
【解析】 題干的意思是:“如果什么措施都不采取的話,海洋將會(huì)變成魚類的沙漠。”根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則,即主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),再根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故答案為D。【答案】 D30.We are confident that the environment ________ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.