2024屆高考英語二輪詞法專題講座素材:18 定語從句
英語詞法專題講座十八:定語從句
一、定語從句(一):
1. 定語從句的概念:
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。
2. 先行詞:
被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
3. 關(guān)系詞:
引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫關(guān)系詞。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
關(guān)系詞 指代 在定語從句中的作用
that 既指人也指物 作主語、賓語
which 指物 作主語、賓語
who 指人 作主語
whom 指人 作賓語
whose 既指人也指物 作定語
二、定語從句(二)
1. 先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which. 但下列情況下,只能用that不用which。
1). 當(dāng)先行詞為指物的不定代詞,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等時(shí),只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you.
2). 當(dāng)先行詞被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for.
3). 先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。
This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school.
4). 先行詞為最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=
I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.
5). 先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能that。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.
2. 先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which. 但下列情況下,只能用which不用that。
1). 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which。
This is the building in ______ he lives.
2). 先行詞本身是that時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which。
The clock is that _____ tells the time.
3). 引導(dǎo)非限定性的定語從句(先行詞是物且先行詞與關(guān)系詞用逗號(hào)隔開),關(guān)系詞用which。
His book, ______ was lost last week, has been found now.
3. 先行詞是人時(shí),一般情況下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情況下,只能用who。
1). 當(dāng)先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語時(shí),一般用who。
Those ______ are singing are all my classmates.
2). 在there be 句型中,先行詞指人時(shí),只能用who。指物時(shí)用that。
There is a girl ______ expects to see you.
3). 當(dāng)先行詞是I、you、he、they等時(shí),只能用who。
He ______ plays with fire gets burned.
三、定語從句(三)。
由關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
where =
in / at +which
when = in / on / at +which
why = for + which
1. 由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
1). 先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞
2). 在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語
Is this the house ______ you lived? =
Is this the house _____ _____ you lived?
= Is this the house _____ you lived in?
2. 由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
1). 先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞
2). 在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語
I will never forget the days ______ I met him.
= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注:先行詞是the last time 時(shí),when 可省略。
When was the last time you saw the parrot?
3. 由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
先行詞為reason 時(shí),一般用why 。 why在句中作原因狀語。
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come.
四、注意事項(xiàng):
1. 關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí),常可省略。
The story _____ he told was very popular.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D.
/
2. that、who、which在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs.
She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3. 在定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的人稱代詞。
Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?
A. which you bought
B. that you bought it
C. you bought
D. you bought it
4. 定語從句中whose 的確定:
無論先行詞是人或物,在定語從句中做定語用whose。
判斷:看定語從句的主語前有無限定詞(my、your、Jim’s等),若沒有,則用whose。
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate.
A. who
B. whose
C. which
D. that
I know the boy. His handwriting is very good.
=
I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.
五、定語從句的簡(jiǎn)化
把定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞短語、過去分詞短語、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語。
1. She reveived a box which was full of presents.
She reveived a box _____ _____ presents.
2. He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.
He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun.
3. I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it.
I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it.
4. Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress.
Do you know the girl ______ a red dress.
英語詞法專題講座十八:定語從句
一、定語從句(一):
1. 定語從句的概念:
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。
2. 先行詞:
被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
3. 關(guān)系詞:
引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫關(guān)系詞。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
關(guān)系詞 指代 在定語從句中的作用
that 既指人也指物 作主語、賓語
which 指物 作主語、賓語
who 指人 作主語
whom 指人 作賓語
whose 既指人也指物 作定語
二、定語從句(二)
1. 先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which. 但下列情況下,只能用that不用which。
1). 當(dāng)先行詞為指物的不定代詞,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等時(shí),只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you.
2). 當(dāng)先行詞被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for.
3). 先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。
This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school.
4). 先行詞為最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=
I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.
5). 先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能that。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.
2. 先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which. 但下列情況下,只能用which不用that。
1). 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which。
This is the building in ______ he lives.
2). 先行詞本身是that時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which。
The clock is that _____ tells the time.
3). 引導(dǎo)非限定性的定語從句(先行詞是物且先行詞與關(guān)系詞用逗號(hào)隔開),關(guān)系詞用which。
His book, ______ was lost last week, has been found now.
3. 先行詞是人時(shí),一般情況下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情況下,只能用who。
1). 當(dāng)先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語時(shí),一般用who。
Those ______ are singing are all my classmates.
2). 在there be 句型中,先行詞指人時(shí),只能用who。指物時(shí)用that。
There is a girl ______ expects to see you.
3). 當(dāng)先行詞是I、you、he、they等時(shí),只能用who。
He ______ plays with fire gets burned.
三、定語從句(三)。
由關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
where =
in / at +which
when = in / on / at +which
why = for + which
1. 由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
1). 先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞
2). 在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語
Is this the house ______ you lived? =
Is this the house _____ _____ you lived?
= Is this the house _____ you lived in?
2. 由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
1). 先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞
2). 在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語
I will never forget the days ______ I met him.
= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注:先行詞是the last time 時(shí),when 可省略。
When was the last time you saw the parrot?
3. 由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
先行詞為reason 時(shí),一般用why 。 why在句中作原因狀語。
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come.
四、注意事項(xiàng):
1. 關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí),常可省略。
The story _____ he told was very popular.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D.
/
2. that、who、which在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs.
She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3. 在定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的人稱代詞。
Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?
A. which you bought
B. that you bought it
C. you bought
D. you bought it
4. 定語從句中whose 的確定:
無論先行詞是人或物,在定語從句中做定語用whose。
判斷:看定語從句的主語前有無限定詞(my、your、Jim’s等),若沒有,則用whose。
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate.
A. who
B. whose
C. which
D. that
I know the boy. His handwriting is very good.
=
I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.
五、定語從句的簡(jiǎn)化
把定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞短語、過去分詞短語、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語。
1. She reveived a box which was full of presents.
She reveived a box _____ _____ presents.
2. He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.
He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun.
3. I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it.
I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it.
4. Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress.
Do you know the girl ______ a red dress.