2024屆高考英語二輪詞法專題講座素材:18 定語從句

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2024屆高考英語二輪詞法專題講座素材:18 定語從句

  英語詞法專題講座十八:定語從句

  一、定語從句(一):

  1. 定語從句的概念:

  在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。

  2. 先行詞:

  被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。

  3. 關(guān)系詞:

  引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫關(guān)系詞。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。

  4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

  關(guān)系詞 指代 在定語從句中的作用

  that 既指人也指物 作主語、賓語

  which 指物 作主語、賓語

  who 指人 作主語

  whom 指人 作賓語

  whose 既指人也指物 作定語

  二、定語從句(二)

  1. 先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which. 但下列情況下,只能用that不用which。

  1). 當(dāng)先行詞為指物的不定代詞,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等時(shí),只能用that。

  There is nothing ______ I can do for you.

  2). 當(dāng)先行詞被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。

  This is the very book ______ I’m looking for.

  3). 先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。

  This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school.

  4). 先行詞為最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能用that。

  This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=

  I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.

  5). 先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能that。

  He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.

  2. 先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which. 但下列情況下,只能用which不用that。

  1). 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which。

  This is the building in ______ he lives.

  2). 先行詞本身是that時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which。

  The clock is that _____ tells the time.

  3). 引導(dǎo)非限定性的定語從句(先行詞是物且先行詞與關(guān)系詞用逗號(hào)隔開),關(guān)系詞用which。

  His book, ______ was lost last week, has been found now.

  3. 先行詞是人時(shí),一般情況下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情況下,只能用who。

  1). 當(dāng)先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語時(shí),一般用who。

  Those ______ are singing are all my classmates.

  2). 在there be 句型中,先行詞指人時(shí),只能用who。指物時(shí)用that。

  There is a girl ______ expects to see you.

  3). 當(dāng)先行詞是I、you、he、they等時(shí),只能用who。

  He ______ plays with fire gets burned.

  三、定語從句(三)。

  由關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

  where =

  in / at +which

  when = in / on / at +which

  why = for + which

  1. 由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

  1). 先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞

  2). 在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語

  Is this the house ______ you lived? =

  Is this the house _____ _____ you lived?

  = Is this the house _____ you lived in?

  2. 由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

  1). 先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞

  2). 在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語

  I will never forget the days ______ I met him.

  = I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.

  注:先行詞是the last time 時(shí),when 可省略。

  When was the last time you saw the parrot?

  3. 由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

  先行詞為reason 時(shí),一般用why 。 why在句中作原因狀語。

  We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come.

  四、注意事項(xiàng):

  1. 關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí),常可省略。

  The story _____ he told was very popular.

  A. who

  B. whom

  C. whose

  D.

  /

  2. that、who、which在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。

  I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs.

  She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .

  3. 在定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的人稱代詞。

  Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?

  A. which you bought

  B. that you bought it

  C. you bought

  D. you bought it

  4. 定語從句中whose 的確定:

  無論先行詞是人或物,在定語從句中做定語用whose。

  判斷:看定語從句的主語前有無限定詞(my、your、Jim’s等),若沒有,則用whose。

  The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate.

  A. who

  B. whose

  C. which

  D. that

  I know the boy. His handwriting is very good.

  =

  I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.

  五、定語從句的簡(jiǎn)化

  把定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞短語、過去分詞短語、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語。

  1. She reveived a box which was full of presents.

  She reveived a box _____ _____ presents.

  2. He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.

  He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun.

  3. I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it.

  I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it.

  4. Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress.

  Do you know the girl ______ a red dress.

  英語詞法專題講座十八:定語從句

  一、定語從句(一):

  1. 定語從句的概念:

  在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。

  2. 先行詞:

  被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。

  3. 關(guān)系詞:

  引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫關(guān)系詞。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。

  4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

  關(guān)系詞 指代 在定語從句中的作用

  that 既指人也指物 作主語、賓語

  which 指物 作主語、賓語

  who 指人 作主語

  whom 指人 作賓語

  whose 既指人也指物 作定語

  二、定語從句(二)

  1. 先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which. 但下列情況下,只能用that不用which。

  1). 當(dāng)先行詞為指物的不定代詞,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等時(shí),只能用that。

  There is nothing ______ I can do for you.

  2). 當(dāng)先行詞被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。

  This is the very book ______ I’m looking for.

  3). 先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。

  This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school.

  4). 先行詞為最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能用that。

  This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=

  I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.

  5). 先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能that。

  He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.

  2. 先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which. 但下列情況下,只能用which不用that。

  1). 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which。

  This is the building in ______ he lives.

  2). 先行詞本身是that時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which。

  The clock is that _____ tells the time.

  3). 引導(dǎo)非限定性的定語從句(先行詞是物且先行詞與關(guān)系詞用逗號(hào)隔開),關(guān)系詞用which。

  His book, ______ was lost last week, has been found now.

  3. 先行詞是人時(shí),一般情況下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情況下,只能用who。

  1). 當(dāng)先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語時(shí),一般用who。

  Those ______ are singing are all my classmates.

  2). 在there be 句型中,先行詞指人時(shí),只能用who。指物時(shí)用that。

  There is a girl ______ expects to see you.

  3). 當(dāng)先行詞是I、you、he、they等時(shí),只能用who。

  He ______ plays with fire gets burned.

  三、定語從句(三)。

  由關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

  where =

  in / at +which

  when = in / on / at +which

  why = for + which

  1. 由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

  1). 先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞

  2). 在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語

  Is this the house ______ you lived? =

  Is this the house _____ _____ you lived?

  = Is this the house _____ you lived in?

  2. 由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

  1). 先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞

  2). 在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語

  I will never forget the days ______ I met him.

  = I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.

  注:先行詞是the last time 時(shí),when 可省略。

  When was the last time you saw the parrot?

  3. 由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

  先行詞為reason 時(shí),一般用why 。 why在句中作原因狀語。

  We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come.

  四、注意事項(xiàng):

  1. 關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí),常可省略。

  The story _____ he told was very popular.

  A. who

  B. whom

  C. whose

  D.

  /

  2. that、who、which在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。

  I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs.

  She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .

  3. 在定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的人稱代詞。

  Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?

  A. which you bought

  B. that you bought it

  C. you bought

  D. you bought it

  4. 定語從句中whose 的確定:

  無論先行詞是人或物,在定語從句中做定語用whose。

  判斷:看定語從句的主語前有無限定詞(my、your、Jim’s等),若沒有,則用whose。

  The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate.

  A. who

  B. whose

  C. which

  D. that

  I know the boy. His handwriting is very good.

  =

  I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.

  五、定語從句的簡(jiǎn)化

  把定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞短語、過去分詞短語、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語。

  1. She reveived a box which was full of presents.

  She reveived a box _____ _____ presents.

  2. He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.

  He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun.

  3. I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it.

  I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it.

  4. Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress.

  Do you know the girl ______ a red dress.

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