2024屆高考英語二輪復習精講學案:專題10 連詞和狀語從句(原卷版)
【2024考綱解讀】
狀語從句包括時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句和結果狀語從句。狀語從句的考查主要集中在連接詞的掌握上,尤其要重視as, until, before, since, when, in case等連詞的各種語義功能和語法功能。其考點主要包括:
1.考查狀語從句的連接詞。要掌握每個連詞的含義及其用法,還有它們之間的一些區別。如:時間狀語從句的連詞有while, when,as,as soon as,until,not…until,before, after,since等; 條件狀語從句的連詞有 if,unless, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等; 結果狀語從句的連詞有so…that(如此……以至于),such…that(如此……以至于)等。
2.考查固定搭配和習慣用法的連接詞。如:no sooner…than/hardly…when(一……就……); the moment/minute,directly等的連詞功能。
3.考查不同性質的連詞在不同的語境中所表現的不同意義,如as既能引導時間狀語從句,又能引導原因狀語從句和讓步狀語從句; where引導地點狀語從句和定語從句等。
4.考查狀語從句的時態。主要考查時間、條件、讓步狀語從句用一般現在時表將來,以及一般過去時代替過去將來時的用法。
5.考查狀語從句的省略。在時間、原因、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句中,常常省略相同的主語或作主語的代詞it以及be動詞,保留現在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、不定式等成分。如果從句中有“it is+形容詞”,也可以省略it is。
連詞的考查主要集中在并列句和各種復合句中,主要考查連詞的意義辨析。如:and, but, or或while以及其他連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關聯詞。
2024年考查的重點仍然是考生容易混淆的近似連詞的用法區別,試題的結構將越來越復雜,設題的角度將越來越多樣化。 對定語從句的考查仍將不會單純地考查其語法結構,而是把它融入到一定的語境中來考查考生的實際綜合運用能力。
【重點知識梳理】
一時間狀語從句
(一)when,while與as引導的時間狀語從句
1.when,while與as引導時間狀語從句的區別
連詞 謂語動詞 用法點津
when 延續性動詞
非延續性動詞 從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時發生,也可以先后發生
while 延續性動詞 從句的動作與主句的動作同時發生
as 延續性動詞 強調主從句動作相伴發生,可譯為“一邊……一邊……;隨著”
When they heard the news that Shenzhou Ⅸ had been sent up into space successfully,they jumped with joy.
聽到“神舟”九號成功發射的消息,他們高興地跳了起來。
While I was reading,he came in.
我正在看書時,他進來了。
The students sang as they walked.
學生們邊走邊唱。
2.while還可以作并列連詞,表示對比,意為“而,卻”。
Liu Wang is from Shanxi while Liu Yang comes from Henan.
劉旺來自山西,而劉洋來自河南。
3.when也可以作并列連詞,意為“這時,那時”。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
我們正在開會這時突然有人闖了進來。
(二)before與since引導的時間狀語從句
1.before與since的常用句式
連詞 詞義 常用句式
before 在……之前,
還未……就……;
……才……;
趁……,
還沒來得及…… It will (not) be+一段時間+before...(沒有)過……時間才
It was not long before...
不久……就
It was+時間段+before...
過了……(時間)才……
since 自從……以來 It is/has been+一段時間+since...(從句用一般過去時)
It was+一段時間+since...(從句用過去完成時)
It will be two years before he leaves the country.
再過兩年他才會離開這個國家。
It wasn't two years before he left the country.
不到兩年他就離開了這個國家。
2.since引導的從句如果用非延續性動詞,所表示的動作自從句謂語動作算起;若用延續性動詞,所表示的動作自動作或狀態的完成或結束時算起。
It's two years since we arrived here.
我們到這兒兩年了。
It's three years since we lived here.
我們不住在這里有三年了。
(三)表示“一……就……”含義的詞(短語)引導的時間狀語從句
1.引導時間狀語從句,且表示“一……就……”含義的詞或短語有:as soon as,the moment,the minute,immediately,directly,hardly/scarcely... when,no sooner... than...。
2.hardly/scarcely... when,no sooner... than...中主句應用過去完成時,從句應用一般過去時;當no sooner...和hardly/scarcely...位于句首時,主句要部分倒裝。
(四)until與till引導的時間狀語從句
1.until與till引導時間狀語從句的區別
連詞 位置 用法點津
until 可以放在句首 not...until可用于強調句型
till 不可放在句首 一般不用于強調句型
2.not until位于句首時,主句要部分倒裝。
(五)引導時間狀語從句的其他常見連詞(短語)
1.其他常見的引導時間狀語從句的連詞(短語)還有after,whenever,every time,each time,next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
每當我們遇到困難,他們就來幫忙。
2.by the time引導的時間狀語從句用一般現在時,主句用將來完成時;by the time引導的時間狀語從句用一般過去時,主句用過去完成時。
By the time you come back, we'll have finished the job.
到你回來的時候,我們將已經完成這項工作。
They had planted ten trees by the time we arrived.
我們到的時候,他們已經種了10棵樹了。
二條件狀語從句
1.引導條件狀語從句的常見從屬連詞有if,unless,as/so long as,in case(萬一),once,on condition that,provided/providing (that),supposing(that)等。
You'll fail the exam unless you study hard.
除非你努力學習,否則你會考試不及格。
As long as you don't lose heart,you will succeed.
只要你不灰心,你就會成功。
In case there is a fire,what will we do first?
萬一發生火災,我們首先做什么?
2.在條件狀語從句中,用一般現在時代替一般將來時,一般過去時代替過去將來時。
三讓步狀語從句
(一)although,though,as與while引導的讓步狀語從句
1.although引導讓步狀語從句時,只能用正常語序;though引導讓步狀語從句時,可用正常語序,也可用倒裝語序;as引導讓步狀語從句時只能用倒裝語序,即從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首,若表語是單數名詞,前置時要省略冠詞。
Although the sun is shining, it isn't very warm.
盡管艷陽高照,天氣并不是很暖和。
Happy as they were, there was something missing.
盡管他們快樂,但總缺少點什么。
2.although與though都可以與yet,still連用,但不能和but連用。
3.though還可以作副詞,意為“可是,然而”,置于句末。
I've a bit of cold.It is nothing much,though.
我有點感冒,不過不太嚴重。
4.while引導讓步狀語從句時,一般置于句首。
While I admit that there are problems,I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
盡管我承認有問題存在,但我不同意說這些問題不能解決。
(二)even if與even though引導的讓步狀語從句
even if與even though表示“即使,縱然”,有退一步設想的意味,多用于書面語中。
I'll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.
我要做這件事,即使它將花去我整個下午的時間。
Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.
即使我處于你的位置,我也不會接受這份工作。
(三)“no matter+疑問詞”與“疑問詞+ever”引導的讓步狀語從句
1.“no matter+疑問詞”相當于“疑問詞+ever”,二者都可以引導讓步狀語從句。
Don't trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.
無論他說什么,不要相信他。
2.whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever還可以引導名詞性從句。
(四)whether...or...引導的讓步狀語從句
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
不管你相信與否,那都是真的。
四地點狀語從句
1.引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞where, wherever指具體地點時,從句可位于主句之前或之后;表示抽象條件的含義時,從句需放在主句之前。如:
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
2.注意區分where引導的定語從句與狀語從句。如:
You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(狀語從句)
You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定語從句)
你最好在有問題的地方做一下標記。
五原因狀語從句
1.引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有:because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that,每個連詞的含義不盡相同。
區別
項目 位置 內涵 語氣 能否回答why 能否被強調
because
(因為) 主句
前或后 直接因
果關系 強 能 能
as(由于) 主句
前或后 對方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能
since/now
That(既然) 主句前
如:
She's studying because she has a test tomorrow.
她正在學習,因為她明天有考試。
As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.
由于在下雨,我們不去公園了。
Now that/Since everybody is here,
let's begin our meeting.
既然大家都在,我們開始開會吧。
2.此外,when也可以表示原因,意為:since; considering that既然;考慮到。如:
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.
既然步行5分鐘能輕松到達那里,你卻打車,你可真夠愚蠢的。
六目的狀語從句和結果狀語從句
1.目的狀語從句
引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。如:
I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
我會慢慢說,這樣你就能理解我。
Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.
帶上雨衣以防下雨。
2.結果狀語從句
(1)引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞有:so that, so...that..., such...that...在非正式語體中,由so...that...,such...that...引導的句子中的that可以省略,注意其結構形式:
如:
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
?。組ike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
邁克是一個如此誠實的工人,以至于我們都相信他。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天氣如此晴朗,以至于我們都想去公園。
He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.
他掙的錢如此少,以至于養不起家。
當so或such置于句首時,主句要用倒裝語序。如:
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all difficult problems.
他是如此聰明的學生,以至于能成功地解出所有難題。
(2)除結果狀語從句外,too...to...(太……而不能……),enough to...(達到某種程度可以……),so...as to...(那么……以至于……)等不定式結構同樣可以表示結果。如:
He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus.
?。紿e got up too late to catch the bus.
?。紿e got up so late as to miss the bus.
他起床太晚,以至于沒趕上那班公共汽車。
七方式狀語從句
引導方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有as, as if, as though等。方式狀語從句應放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引導的從句一般用虛擬語氣,但如果從句中所述的情況很可能實現,也可用陳述語氣。如:
Do as you are told to, or you'll be fired.
告訴你怎么做就怎么做,否則你會被解雇。
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
這位老太太對待這個男孩就像他是她自己的兒子似的。
I feel as if I have a fever.
我感覺像是發燒了。
考點一、考查連詞的用法
1. 【2024·北京】25.He is a shy man,___he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
A.so
B. but
C.or
D. as
?。?024北京卷)21. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.
A. so
B. or
C. for
D. but
考查詞
?。?024·天津】12. We need to get to the root of the problem______ we can solve it.
A. while
B. after
C. before
D. as
【2024·四川】6.There is only one more day to go
your favorite music group play live.
A. since
B. until
C. when
D. before
考點三、考查狀語從句
【2024·安徽】34.______ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
A. Where
B. As
C. In case
D. Now that
?。?024江西卷)35. It was the middle of the night __ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game .