2024屆高考英語一輪復習必備單詞素材：Unit 21 Human Biology（北師大版）
Unit 21 Human Biology
[寫得準] [用得活] [積得多]
1.circulate vi. 循環(huán)
2.digest vt.
消化
3.abuse vt.
濫用
4.fundamental adj.
根本的；基礎的
5.seek vt.
尋找
6.annual adj.
每年的，一年一次的
7.cater vi.
滿足；迎合
8.treat vt.
款待
9.postpone vt.
推遲，延期
10.compulsory adj.
強制性的，義務的
11.temporary adj.
臨時的；短暫的
12.decline vi.
下降
13.circumstance n.
情形；情況
14.unite vt. 聯(lián)合；團結；統(tǒng)一→united adj.團結的→union n．聯(lián)合
15.tolerate vt.容忍→toleration n．容忍；忍受→tolerant adj.寬容的，容忍的→tolerance n．寬容；容忍
16.oppose vt.反對→opposite adj.相反的；反對的 n．反義詞→opposition n．反方；對立面→opposed adj.相反的，對立的
17.prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令→prohibitive adj.禁止的
18.faith n．信心→faithful adj.守信的；忠實的→faithfully adv.忠實地，真誠地
19.equip vt.裝備；使有準備→equipment n．裝備；裝備品
20.submit vt.認為；提交→submission n．屈從，屈服；意見；提交→submissive adj.服從的
21.privileged adj.榮幸的→privilege n．特權
22.fortune n．大筆錢財，巨款 →fortunate adj.幸運的→fortunately adv.幸運地→unfortunately adv.不幸地
23.rob vt.使喪失；搶劫→robber n．搶劫犯→robbery n．搶劫
24.concern n．擔心，擔憂→concerned adj.擔心的；有關的→concerning prep.關于 用所給詞的適當形式填空1.The manager has faith in his secretary, because he thinks she is faithful to him and always helps him faithfully.(faith)
2.She was very fortunate to come into a large fortune,_but unfortunately she was confirmed to suffer from a deadly disease.(fortune)
3.I admire you for your tolerance,_because you can tolerate things which can't be tolerant.(tolerate)
4.Concerning all the things concerned,_I am most concerned about this matter.(concern)
5.As a famous saying goes, union is strength. If united,_we can overcome all the difficulties, so let's unite together.(unite)
6.The students living far away from the school were strongly opposed to the plan. Their opposition prevented the plan from being carried out. (oppose)
7.This is a modern, bright and well equipped hospital, and its equipment is of the first level.(equip)
8.As we all know, an annual meeting is held annually.(annual)
9.Several robbers robbed the bank of an enormous sum of money, making the largest robbery of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob)
10.They prepared a report for submission to the council, in which they submitted that the evidence was unreliable.(submit) 1.“尋找，搜尋”詞匯一覽
①look for 尋找
②search for
搜尋
③seek (for)
尋找
④hunt for
搜尋，尋找
2.“財富”相關名詞小聚
①fortune
大筆錢財
②treasure
財富，財產
③wealth
財富
④possession
財產，財富
⑤property
財產，不動產
3.聚焦“狀況，情況”相關名詞
①condition
狀態(tài)；環(huán)境
②state
狀態(tài)，狀況
③situation
情形，處境
④circumstance
環(huán)境，狀況
⑤status
地位；情形
4.annual相關形容詞全掃描
①weekly
每周的
②monthly
每月的
③daily
每日的
④quarterly
每季度的
⑤hourly
每小時的
⑥minutely
每分鐘的
5.由decline想到的
①增加：rise, increase, go up
②減少：fall, drop, decrease, decline, go down
6.oppose近/反義詞大全
①reject v.
拒絕
②object v.
反對；不贊成
③agree v．同意→disagree v．反對
④agreement n．同意→disagreement n．不同意
⑤approve v．贊成；批準→disapprove v．不贊成
⑥approval n．贊成；批準→disapproval n．不贊成
[寫得準] [用得活] [積得多]
1.in_vain 徒勞，白費力氣
2.at_random
隨便地，隨意地
3.at_all_costs_
不管多大代價
4.straight_away_
立刻，馬上
5.wipe_out__
徹底毀滅
6.stop_sth._in_its_tracks
終止；消滅
7.rob_sb.of_sth.
搶劫某人某物
8.at_any_rate
無論如何；至少
9.get_down_to_
開始做
10.bring_up
教育；撫養(yǎng)；嘔吐
11.get_through__
通過(考試)；完成
12.clear_up_
整理；解釋；澄清；
放晴
13.put_off_
推遲；延期
14.miss_out_
遺漏；遺忘；錯過
機會
15.focus_on
聚焦；集中；對準 選用左欄短語填空1.It's not a easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own.
2.Had the boy worked harder, he would have got_through the exams.
3.I tried to make his peace with her, but in_vain.
4.Last week, I was robbed_of my wallet in front of a hotel on my way home.
5.The noise made it hard for me to focus_on work.
6.It's time I got_down_to thinking about that essay.
7.I'll just read through the form again to make
sure I haven't missed anything out.
8.It is raining now, but I think it will clear_up soon. 1.“開始/著手做某事”短語精選
①get down to doing sth.
②set out to do sth.
③set about doing sth.
④settle down to sth.
⑤start/begin doing/to do sth.
2.“立即，即刻”短語全接觸
①at once 立即
②right now/away
立刻
③straight away
立刻，馬上
④in no time
立刻，馬上
⑤in a flash
即刻
⑥in an instant
立即；馬上
3.clear短語薈萃
①clear away
把……清理出去，
把……收拾整潔
②clear off
溜掉，離開
③clear out
把……清理干凈
④clear up
解釋；澄清；放晴
[背原句] [記句式] [會仿用]
1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.
獲勝者要強制性地進行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。 It is＋adj. ＋ for sb.＋to do ...句型。 他這次或許能通過駕照考試。It_is_possible_for_him_to_pass the driving test this time.
2.The Olympic spirit － the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning － has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人們不惜任何代價想獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。 rather than并列連詞，表示“而不是”。 作為學生，我們應當通過努力學習而非考試作弊來取得好成績。As students, we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams.
3.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.
西班牙流感在18個月內使多達5千萬人喪命，并且發(fā)病的傾向為年輕力壯的年輕人而不是老年人，它被認為是歷史上最嚴重的流行性傳染病。 “Sb./Sth.be believed to ...” 意為“某人或某物被認為……”。 據說這本書已被翻譯成了好幾種外國語言。The book is said to have been translated into several foreign languages.
1．seek (sought，sought) vt.尋找；尋求；追求；探求；探索；試圖
[高考佳句] Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.(2024·天津高考單選)
構思清晰、筆法純熟，這本書激發(fā)了那些希望自己尋找答案的學生的自信心。
seek sth.from sb.向某人請求/尋求某物
seek (after/for) sb./sth.
追求/尋找某人/某物
seek one's fortune
尋找成功(致富)的機會
seek out 找出；尋出
seek to do sth.
試圖做某事
①We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
我們試圖找一種方法使我們和周圍的人相處融洽。
②They sought_out a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.
他們找到了一個可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。
③He told us that he was going to Beijing to seek_his_fortune and I suggested that he should_seek_advice_from his teacher and shouldn't seek_(after/for) comfort, personal fame or gain.
他告訴我們他要去北京碰碰運氣，我建議這件事情他應該請教他的老師，不要一味地貪圖安逸，追名逐利。
2．oppose vt.&vi.反對；反抗
[教材原句] Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.
基因療法有很多爭議，許多人反對進一步研究。
(1)oppose doing sth.反對做某事
oppose sb.'s doing sth.
反對某人做某事
(2)opposed adj.
相反的；對立的
be opposed to (doing) sth.
反對(做)某事；與(做)某事對立
Her wealthy parents opposed/were_opposed_to_her_marrying a boy from the poor family.
她那富有的父母反對她同貧寒家庭的孩子結婚。
We all strongly oppose driving (drive) after drinking.
我們都強烈反對酒后駕駛。
[寫作聯(lián)想] 例句②其他表達方式
We all strongly object to driving after drinking.
②We are all strongly opposed to driving after drinking.
③We are all strongly against driving after drinking.
3．postpone vt.推遲，延期
[教材原句] I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.
我決定不推遲學習(就像我平常那樣！)，而是每天早上早點起床立刻開始學習。
postpone doing sth.延緩/推遲做某事
postpone sth.until/to ...
把某事推遲到……
①Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leaving_(leave)．
由于天氣不好，我們決定推遲動身。
②It has been decided the meeting should be postponed_until/to next Saturday.
已經決定，會議延期到下星期六舉行。
4．prohibit vt.禁止，阻止
[教材原句] Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.
自從“非典”疫潮結束后，科學家們一直在做治療方面的試驗以預防將來再次爆發(fā)。
(1)prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事
(2)
禁止某人做某事
(3)prohibition n.
禁止；禁令
a prohibition against/on ...
……的禁令
It was the bad weather that prohibited their (they) going to the science museum.
是糟糕的天氣阻止了他們去參觀科學博物館。
Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places.
＝Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit_people_from_using mobile phones in some places.
一些人認為有必要禁止人們在一些場所使用手機。
They voted in favor of the prohibition (prohibit) of smoking in public areas.
他們投票贊成在公共場合禁止吸煙。
[寫作聯(lián)想] 例句②其他表達方式
Some people think that it's necessary to prevent people from using mobile phones in some places.
②Some people think that it's necessary to stop people from using mobile phones in some places.
③Some people think that it's necessary to keep people from using mobile phones in some places.
5．decline vi.&vt.下降；衰退；謝絕 n．下降；衰退
[高考佳句] Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined. (2024·天津高考完形)
盡管她的描述聽起來很精彩，但這所房子的價格超出了我們的承受范圍。因此，我們拒絕了。
(1)decline to do sth.婉拒做某事
(2)decline in/of sth.
在某方面減少/下降
in decline
下降
on the decline
走下坡路，在衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline
開始衰落，陷入衰退
①He is still one of the world's most popular golfers, but his skill is in_decline.
他仍是世界上最受歡迎的高爾夫球選手之一，但他的球技在下降。
②The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
自從新的交通法規(guī)實施以來，闖紅燈的人數一直在下降。
③The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry to fall/go_into_(a)_decline.
來自海外的激烈競爭導致棉花產業(yè)的衰退。
6．equip vt.使有準備；配備；裝備
[高考佳句] To keep the feet dry and comfortable, this new kind of shoes is equipped with a micro-fan. (2024·湖南高考書面表達)
為了保持雙腳干爽舒適，這種新的鞋子配有微型風扇。
(1)equip ...with ... 用……裝備……
equip ...for sth./to do sth.
為(做)某事而裝備……
be equipped for/to do sth.
