2024屆高考英語一輪復習高考題型提能練：13（北師大版含答案）
高考題型提能練(十三) Unit 13
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2024·邯鄲高三質檢)Since Henry Ford turned it into a mass-market product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has promoted economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun. But the car has also brought many problems. It pollutes the air, creates traffic jams and kills people. An astonishing 1.24 million people die, and as many as 50 million are hurt, in road accidents each year.
Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. In some car-choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.
Fortunately, a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to hold-ups. “Connected cars” — which may eventually develop into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at the wheel — can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic management systems, avoid walkers and other vehicles and find open parking spots.
Some parts of the transformation are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance and stay in a motorway automatically at a range of speeds. Soon, all new cars in Europe will have to be able to warn the emergency services if their on-board sensors (傳感器) discover a crash. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行費) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours; Britain is pioneering “smart motorways”， whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a_similar_effect. These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system in which cars and their drivers are constantly warned of dangers and showed the ways. Traffic always flows at the proper speed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of crashing.
In the past, more people driving meant more roads, more jams, more death and more pollution. In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.
1.According to Paragraph 2, the problem of parking has resulted in ________.
A.more time on the road
B.a great waste of fuel
C.even heavier traffic jams
D.increased death and injuries
2.What does “a similar effect” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.Reducing traffic jams.
B.Building smart motorways.
C.Setting proper speed limits.
D.Keeping steady traffic flows.
3.What is the author's attitude towards connected cars?
A.Curious.B.Doubtful.
C.Supportive.
D.Disappointed.
4.Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A.The Future of Cars: Wireless Wheels
B.The Future Traffic Management System
C.The Benefits and Problems of Cars
D.The Promising Future of Car Production
B
(2024·江西省九校聯合考試)If you have an allergy to some food, even a very tiny bit of food can make you sick. Lots of kids have food allergies — about 3 million in the United States alone.
The foods that cause the most food allergies include peanuts and other nuts; seafood, such as shrimp; milk, particularly cow's milk; eggs; wheat.
What Is a Food Allergy?
Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Usually, your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it's really dangerous to you.
What's a Reaction Like?
In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause anaphylaxis (過敏癥). This is a sudden, severe allergic reaction in which several problems occur all at once and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart and blood vessels. A person's blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes can narrow and the tongue can swell. People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse.
What Will the Doctor Do?
If you think you may be allergic to a certain food, let your parents know. They will take you to the doctor to get it checked out. If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergy-related conditions. The allergist may also want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is giving you trouble.
5.According to the passage, you will have a food allergy when
your immune system ________.
A.recognizes tiny organisms in a certain food
B.mistakenly makes antibodies to help fight off something in a certain food
C.prevents something harmful in the food from entering your digestive system
D.releases chemicals to remove harmful things in a certain food
6.In the sudden and severe allergic reaction, which of the following may happen?
A.Blood pressure rising.
B.Lips swelling.
C.Breathing difficulty.
D.Heart beating becoming slow.
7.Which of the following suggestions is given to those at risk of severe allergic reaction?
A.Taking medicine as soon as an allergic reaction appears.
B.Avoiding eating any food when going outside.
C.Always carrying with special medicine for possible symptoms.
D.Preparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time.
8.What will an allergist do to check your food allergy out?
A.Ask you about the allergy-associated information.
B.Give you some medicine right away.
C.Enquire about your present feeling towards the food.
D.Give you a shot of liquid extract of food.
C
Stressed? It is shown in recent research that walking or cycling to work calms you down (traveling by bus or train is also better than driving).
Walking to work reduces stress and improves brain power, researchers say. Adults who stopped driving the car and started walking or cycling became calmer and found it easier to concentrate. A study of 18,000 Britons found that going to work by train or bus improved their well-being compared with driving.
The study, published in the journal Preventive Medicine, also found that the longer people spent walking or cycling, the happier or less stressed they were. However, stress levels and inability to concentrate worsened if they spent more time in the car.
Lead researcher Adam Martin, from the University of East Anglia's Norwich Medical School, said that despite the crowds and disruption, walking to bus stops or stations and being able to relax on the journey “cheer people up”. Two thirds drive to work, 18 percent use public transport, 11 percent walk and 3 percent cycle.
A research earlier this year found that commuters (乘公共車輛往返者) had small but statistically significant lower scores on all measures of well-being. The worst effects were witnessed in those whose journeys last between 61 and 90 minutes. But when commuting time reaches three hours or more, the negative effects disappear, the report said.
“The effects of commuting on personal well-being are the greatest for anxiety and happiness, suggesting that commuting affects day-to-day emotions more than overall evaluations of satisfaction with life or the sense that daily activities are worthwhile，” the report stated.
Dr Daniel Newman, from Cardiff University's Sustainable Places Research Institute, said, “This report says that many of us, who spend mornings and evenings sitting in traffic jam, already know: commuting can be a chore.”
9.What can be learned from Paragraph 1?
A.Driving for long drives people crazy.
B.Feeling stressed can be predicted.
C.Walking to work helps reduce stress.
D.Travelling by bus makes people excited.
10.Walking to work is something
________.
A.preferred by most people
B.easier to perform in daily life
C.making people more creative
D.beneficial to the sense of happiness
11.What does the underlined word “chore” probably mean?
A.Tiresome task.
B.Amazing challenge.
C.Meaningless thing.
D.Financial trouble.
12.What type of writing is this text?
A.A scientific report.
B.A transportation guide.
C.A policy announcement.
D.A new lifestyle introduction.
Ⅱ.任務型閱讀(2024·石家莊市復習教學質量檢測)You want your essay to be the one that is passed around the admissions office or not? It's a little bit like the difference between being famous and infamous. Here are some basic tips to avoid that infamous essay：● Don't write the “safe” essay.
1.________
It could be something that others have also experienced, but make sure to say how it affected you. Something personal and unique never fails to stand out.
● Avoid the generic and get specific.
Never write that you're “well rounded” or that “many people have influenced” you. 2.________ Real and specific experiences are a lot more convincing than something you copy from the Internet.
●3.________
There is no need to share your participation level (hours per week and weeks per year) because colleges ask for that information on your activity list. It is important for the students to use every opportunity to show who they are and impress the admissions office.
● Don't talk about rankings.
Many students love focusing on the numbers when they are writing their “why this college” essay. They believe they are flattering (討好) the college by saying the reason why they want to attend is that the college is highly ranked in US News & World Report. Obviously schools are aware of their rankings. 4.________
● Don't complain.
If you have gone through difficult circumstances, you should share your story. Don't point fingers. 5.________
A better essay will talk about how you have dealt with, and hopefully overcome the obstacles you came across.
A.It's important to show patience and determination.
B.This applies to all types of essays.
C.Don't forget about the activity list.
D.Pick a topic that only you can write about.
E.They just want to know why you want to attend.
F.Don't repeat information that is elsewhere in your application.
G.Tell the reader what you've done, how you've been influenced, and by whom.
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2024·河南三市第二次聯考)As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past few 1.________
(century), a new electrical generating and transmission system for the 21st century will leave a 2.________ (last) mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but 3.________ the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will 4.________ (lay) down to move electricity around.
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in 5.________ West. This is not an argument against 6.________
(build) them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of 7.________， we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily 8.________ we can now.
So balance will have to 9.________
(make). Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species will be forced to move or will be 10.________
(careful) moved to special accommodation. Measures will be taken to reduce the immediate effects.
Ⅳ.書面表達
(2024·遼寧省葫蘆島市一模)如今，隨著智能手機和電子設備的普及，“低頭族”現象興起，人們沉溺于手機等電子設備，因而忽略了自己和他人的溝通交流，甚至在家庭聚餐中也只顧玩手機而不和長輩聊天，老人感到失落萬分，請根據下圖寫一篇英語短文。
內容要點如下：
1.描述圖畫內容；
2.對圖中現象加以分析；
3.針對這個現象提出建議。
注意：1.詞數100左右；
2.可適當發揮，以使行文連貫。
高考題型提能練(十三)
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1．解析：選B 細節理解題根據第二段“In some car-choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.”可知在一些擁擠的城市里尋找停車位所耗費的汽油占汽油使用量的三分之一說明停車造成大量汽油的浪費故選B2．解析：選D 詞義猜測題根據本段“Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行費) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours”可知新加坡通過使用浮動的道路通行費來疏導車流英國也正在采取措施來取得類似的效果故選D3．解析：選C 觀點態度題根據第四段“These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.”可知作者認為這種新的發明能創造出一種更有效的交通體制在帶給人們駕車的樂趣的同時也會減少事故帶來的傷痛說明作者對這項發明是支持的故選C4．解析：選A 標題歸納題根據第三段“a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency
to
hold-ups. ‘Connected cars’ — which may eventually develop into driverless cars”和第四段“Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer ...less of the pain.”可知文章主要講的是未來的汽車而不是未來的交通管理系統故選A
5．解析：選B 細節理解題根據第三段最后一句“But if you have ... dangerous to you.”可知當你過敏時你的免疫系統會誤認為某種食物中的某種物質是有害物質而產生抗體故選B項6．解析：選C 細節理解題根據第四段第二句“This is a sudden ... and blood vessels.”及下一句中的“breathing tubes can narrow”可知過敏嚴重時可能會使呼吸管變窄出現呼吸困難故選C項7．解析：選D 細節理解題根據第四段最后一句中的“People at risk for this kind of
reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies”可知過敏者應提前做好應對突發事件的準備故選D項8．解析：選A 推理判斷題根據最后一段第四五句“The allergy specialist ... or other allergy-related conditions.”可知過敏癥專科醫師會詢問一些與過敏反應相關的問題故答案為A項
9．解析：選C 細節理解題通讀第一段可以知道步行去上班有利于緩解壓力10．解析：選D 細節理解題第二三段的內容告訴我們：研究發現步行上班有助于提高幸福指數11．解析：選A 詞義猜測題最后一段中提到乘公交車上下班的人們早晚都遇到交通堵塞那肯定也是一件讓人感到討厭的事情12．解析：選A 推理判斷題根據文章多處提到的researchers say, The study以及A research可推測本文應該屬于一篇科學研究報告.1～5 DGFEA.
1．centuries 考查名詞的數空格前的“few”用于修飾可數名詞復數故空格處應用century的復數形式centuries2．lasting 考查詞性轉換根據空格前的冠詞“a”和空格后的名詞“mark”可推知空格處作定語修飾名詞故用last的形容詞形式lasting3．in 考查介詞in the ways為固定搭配意為“以這些方式”符合語境故填in4．be laid 考查動詞的語態因該句主語“power lines”和空格處所填動詞之間為被動關系故填be laid5．the 考查冠詞the West為專有名詞意為“西部西方”故填定冠詞the6．building 考查非謂語動詞空格前的“against”為介詞介詞后應接名詞動名詞或代詞故用build的動名詞形式building7．it 考查代詞分析該句結構可知空格處代指該句中的“alternative energy”作介詞of的賓語故用it8．than 考查比較級結構根據該句中的“far more”可知此處表示比較的概念空格處填比較級標志詞thanfar more than為固定搭配意為“遠超過……”符合語境9．be made 考查動詞的語態該句主語為“balance”和動詞“make”之間是被動關系應用被動語態；根據空格前的“will have to”可知空格處應用be動詞的原形故填be made10．carefully 考查詞性轉換分析該句結構可知空格處修飾動詞“moved”應用副詞故填careful的副詞形式carefully.參考范文：As can be seen from the picture, a big family get together to have a splendid dinner. But when they sit down to table, the young just bury themselves in playing with their cellphones, tablet PCs and other electronic devices, totally ignoring their parents, who feel very lonely and sad.
