3年高考2年模擬1年原創備戰2024高考精品系列之英語：專題26 新題型——語法填空（新課標、廣東、湖南）（原卷版）

　　3年高考2年模擬1年原創精品系列

　　專題 新題型——語法填空（新課標、廣東、湖南）

　　【201年高考命題預測】

　　高考改革始終堅持“在穩定中求發展”的命題指導思想，命題的基本原則依然是“突出語篇，注重交際，講究靈活，強調應用”。基于此種原因，2024年高考全國卷樣題中刪除了歷年高考英語的“單句型語言知識題”，取而代之的是英語語言知識運用的“語法填空題”。

　　語法填空題是給出200字左右的一段短文或對話，段落中給出10個填空，其中4個填空是給出一個單詞，填寫它的正確詞形，如形容詞的比較級等，其余6個填空是結合上下文直接填詞（不多于3個單詞）。這要求考生既要掌握熟練的語法知識，還要有一定的語言閱讀能力。從單選題那種單獨句子中的單獨的語法考核，到短文中的語法實際應用，此次題型轉變得更加靈活。

　　考題的難易程度應該是有所下降的，刻板的單純語法考題將逐漸消失，基礎知識好的考生完成語法填空題應該不成問題。針對語法填空題如何復習，提醒考生，應繼續進行語法知識的復習，加強對詞匯本身用法，如主、被、動，固定短語搭配，冠詞、連詞等運用進行復習。

　　【考點定位】201考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布

　　語篇語法填空試題特點：

　　1.“把‘題’設在有一定語境和語義確定了的文段中”是高考命題的宗旨。以對話為載體的2024樣題，其長度為173詞+10空格。旨在考查考生理解語篇的能力、分析句子結構的能力及熟練運用語法的能力。因此，只有讀懂對話文段才能做好語法填空題。

　　2. 從樣題的設空特點來看，它不僅重視對語言基礎知識--詞法、句法的考查，考生須靈活運用語法知識，如單詞詞性、動詞時態、名詞單復數、連接詞、代詞、冠詞等判斷各空白處應填寫的內容。同時也考察了學生在沒有給出任何提示，需要根據語篇邏輯填空的能力。考生既要能判斷出不同的“部分”在句子中的“成分”，又要考慮該結構中用什么詞、詞性、詞形、習慣搭配、拼寫、大小寫等一系列問題（出現任何錯誤都不給分）。

　　3. 題型設置分三種類型。

　　(A) 填實義詞 -- 提示詞4個（61.happen, 63. go, 64. early, 65. make) 。用括號內單詞的正確形式填空，主要涉及動詞的時態和語態、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較等級等語法考點（與廣東高考語法填空試題考察角度一致）。

　　(B) 填功能詞 --純空格3個（62. when, 67. it, 68.the ) 。在空白處填入適當的內容。空后無提示詞，要求考生根據文意、上下連貫性和行文邏輯，填入一個適當的詞，包括連詞、代詞、限定詞 (冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等)、副詞等（與廣東高考語法填空試題考察角度一致）。雖然樣題里沒有體現對介詞和其他功能詞的考察，它也應該是考察知識點。

　　(C)語境理解填空 -- 純空格3個（66. Anyway，69. must have put，70. mind/memory)。在空白處填入適當的內容（不多于3個單詞）。空后無提示詞，要求考生根據文意、上下連貫性和行文邏輯，填入適當的詞（1-3個），從樣題看這類題主要出現在對話的后半部分，并且以實義詞為主（全國高考語法填空試題創新之處，需特別注意）。

　　4. 答案詞數有限定。

　　試題要求已明確規定：在空白處填入適當的內容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。從樣題判斷“不多于3個單詞”的空格，出現在對話的后半部分，這樣的設置體現了語境的作用。而謂語動詞時態與語態用法；非謂語動詞完成體、進行體和被動形式；多音節形容詞/副詞比較級；定語從句的“介詞+關系代詞”等語言現象應該是“不多于3個”的重點考察項目。

　　語篇語法填空解題技巧

　　解語篇語法填空，要從“詞、句、篇”三個層面去思考。

　　（1）詞匯層面

　　方法1：做主語或賓語的名詞或“形容詞+名詞”前無形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等限定詞時，根據上下文填冠詞。

　　【例1】The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ______ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.

　　【解析】a

　　第一次提到的可數名詞單數前用不定冠詞，表示“一個”。

　　【例2】I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had ______ amazing conversation.

　　【解析】an

　　短語搭配have a conversation“和……交談”。

　　【例3】But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ______ last row.

　　【解析】the

　　特指最后一排，在序數詞/最高級前，用定冠詞。

　　方法2：句子缺主語或賓語，空格后沒有提示詞，填詞多為代詞。

　　【例4】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult ______ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

　　【解析】it

　　作賓語從句主語，替代動詞不定式短語to choose……。

　　【例5】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ______.

　　【解析】him

　　please him (使他高興)，填代詞；根據句意，此處指代her father。

　　【例6】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?”

　　【解析】it

　　指前面提到的“水(the water)”。

　　方法3：空格前已有主語，括號內是動詞提示，空格需填謂語動詞。

　　【例7】He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.

　　【解析】was pretending

　　由“and giving”可確定，用過去進行時，構成并列謂語。

　　【例8】Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children.

　　【解析】is spent　money與spend之間存在被動關系，故用被動語態，從句時態提示應用一般現在時。

　　【例9】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he has run out of salt.

　　【解析】found

　　主格代詞he后應為謂語動詞，由語境由One day和“invited”可知，用一般過去時。

　　方法4：句中已有謂語動詞且又無并列連詞與括號內提示的動詞并列，說明空格需填非謂語動詞形式。

　　【例10】She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume．

　　【解析】to please

　　“be+形容詞+ to do”, 無需考慮其它的非謂語形式。此句式中常用主動形式表示被動含義。

　　【例11】Film has a much shorter history，especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and planting.

　　【解析】compared　本句是when it is compared to …的省略。compare與邏輯主語film是被動關系，故用過去分詞作狀語。

　　【例12】But everyone added a little, always ______ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”

　　【解析】thinking

　　因everyone與think是主動關系，故用現在分詞短語作added的伴隨狀語。

　　方法5：當括號內所提示的詞是形容詞或副詞且空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時，很可能填比較級和最高級。

　　【例13】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).”

　　【解析】sweeter 句意是“什么也不會比這更甜”=這是世界上最甜的東西。

　　【例14】I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day.

　　【解析】later

　　指那天晚些時候。

　　【例15】It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.

　　【解析】harder

　　句中a little修飾比較級harder，表示“更難一點”作賓補。

　　方法6：當“……（+限定詞）+名詞”或“……+代詞/doing/從句”在句中不做主語或賓語時，通常填介詞。

　　【例16】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman ______ the trouble.

　　【解析】for

　　reward sb. for sth. 表示“因……而酬謝/報答某人”。

　　【例17】He did so the next day. He was very tired ______ doing this for a whole day.

　　【解析】after/from　A.用介詞after表示“在……之后”；B. be tired from doing sth.為“因做某事而累”。

　　【例18】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ______ table having supper.

　　【解析】at at table表示“在進餐”，是習慣搭配。

　　（2）句子層面

　　方法1：連接兩個功能對等的單詞、短語或句子時，應填并列連詞and，or，but，while, when等。

　　【例19】 He was very tired from?doing this for a whole day, ______?he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”? higher.

　　【解析】but

　　句中very happy與very tired是轉折關系，兩句間是逗號且沒有連詞，故填連詞but。

　　【例20】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.”

　　【解析】nor

　　并列連詞“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。

　　【例21】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a table.

　　【解析】and

　　句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主語發出的兩個并列的動作。

　　方法2：若判斷連詞所引導的從句起名詞的作用（做主語/賓語/表語/同位語），則為名詞性從句，根據引導名詞性從句的連接詞在從句成分和意義確定連詞。

　　【例22】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.

　　【解析】who

　　引導賓語從句且在從句中做主語，指人。

　　【例23】 One day, he came up with an idea ______?he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.

　　【解析】that　引導同位語從句，說明idea的具體內容，從句意義完整且不缺句子成分。

　　【例24】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do.

　　【解析】what

　　引導賓語從句并在從句中作do的賓語。

　　方法3：若判斷連詞所引導的從句起形容詞的作用（做定語），則為定語從句，根據引導定語從句的先行詞和關系詞在從句中的成分確定關系代詞或者關系副詞。關系代詞在從句做主語和賓語，做狀語用關系副詞（可轉換為介詞+關系代詞）。

　　【例25】Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.

　　【解析】where

　　句子+句子，中間必填連接詞；后句修飾前句，關系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語。

　　【例26】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher.

　　【解析】who/that

　　代替an elder，引導定語從句并在從句中做主語。

　　【例27】Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.

　　【解析】whom

　　還原talk to sb.可知，用whom引導定語從句。

　　方法4：若判斷連詞所引導的從句起副詞的作用（做狀語），則為狀語從句，再根據兩句之間的意義和邏輯關系或者從屬連詞在從句中的作用和意義，來確定合適的連詞。

　　【例28】We understand this lesson best ______ we receive gifts of love from children.

　　【解析】when

　　引導時間狀語從句，表示“當……時”。

　　【例29】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived.

　　【解析】until/till

　　表示“一直到……”。

　　【例30】______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.

　　【解析】If

　　表條件。he thought…與he was wrong是兩個句子，沒有連詞。

　　（3）篇章意義層面

　　方法1：了解文章/對話大意，運用上下文語境線索、前后呼應、詞語搭配等邏輯關系來解題，填入既符合上下文情景，又符合句義、詞義的正確單詞。

　　【例31】…, so he couldn’t have done it. ______, he couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as his tennis stuff, so I’m sure it wasn’t him.（2024樣題）

　　【解析】Anyway

　　“不管怎么說”，考察對語境的把握，體會上下文講話人語氣。

　　【例32】--Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I ______ them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my mind. Now, why did I put on my coat?（2024樣題）

　　【解析】must have put 考察對話上下文的理解和謂語的呼應，讀懂上文“…and left them on the table”、“But someone must have taken them”、“Oh, it must have been Dad.”以及下文幾處情態動詞的表達得出答案。

　　【例33】I attended a school prize-giving ______ not so long ago and the guest speaker was Andrew Becroft.

　　【解析】ceremony

　　考查搭配關系。形容詞和名詞、動詞和副詞、動詞和賓語存

　　【三年高考】14高考試題及其解析

　　高考試題

　　【2024·全國新課標I】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。

　　Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).

　　So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

　　On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.

　　2.【2024·全國新課標II】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。