四級考試閱讀備考筆記（66）
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
注：uninspired 沒有靈感的 inspire 激勵，有靈感
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
66. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _________.
A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B) the amount of monetary rewards for students creativity
C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D) the effects of external rewards on students performance
注：文章第一段 divided 對應opposing，attitude 對應 views，A和B選項涉及插入語，為次要成分干擾選項，C為竄句干擾選項
●竄句選項：根據題干關鍵詞回文章定位對應語句，如該句話包含題干答案，則凡涉及該段其他語句的選項為竄句選項;如該句不包含答案，到其上下句中尋找答案
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
68. Which of the following can best raise students creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?
A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.
B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.
D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.
注：中立調和態度觀點，A和B選項來自第三段第一句，錯誤推理
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
注：uninspired 沒有靈感的 inspire 激勵，有靈感
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
66. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _________.
A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B) the amount of monetary rewards for students creativity
C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D) the effects of external rewards on students performance
注：文章第一段 divided 對應opposing，attitude 對應 views，A和B選項涉及插入語，為次要成分干擾選項，C為竄句干擾選項
●竄句選項：根據題干關鍵詞回文章定位對應語句，如該句話包含題干答案，則凡涉及該段其他語句的選項為竄句選項;如該句不包含答案，到其上下句中尋找答案
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
68. Which of the following can best raise students creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?
A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.
B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.
D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.
注：中立調和態度觀點，A和B選項來自第三段第一句，錯誤推理
