人教版2024高考英語全套解析一輪復習課件：語法精要10 定語從句
掌握從句要點，選擇合適的連接詞。 定語從句中的關系詞要作成分，關系代詞that,
which，as通常作主語或賓語；whose作定語；關系副詞where，when，why通常作狀語。that在其引導的名詞性從句中只起引導作用，不作成分；而連接詞what在從句中起雙重作用，既作成分又能引導句子。做題時，首先要分析從句成分，選擇合適的連接詞。例如： As a mother，I seldom give my children so difficult a job________they can't do actively. A．thatB．as C．whichD．if
[解析]在so...that結構中that引導的是狀語從句，狀語從句的結構完整，that在句子中不作成分。so...as結構中，as引導定語從句，as在定語從句中作主語或賓語。如果選that的話，do后面缺少賓語，句子結構就不完整了。分析job后面的句子可知，動詞do缺少賓語，故空格處要填一個關系代詞來引導一個定語從句修飾job；考慮到前面的so，這里應填as與之搭配。不要把這個句子看成是so...that結構。 [答案] B
語法精要十 定語從句
1.關系代詞引導的定語從句 引導定語從句的關系代詞有who，that，whom，which，whose，as。如： The book that(which) he is reading was written by LuXun. 他正在讀的那本書是魯迅寫的。 She is a student(whom/that)we should learn from 她是個我們該向她學習的學生。 Is there anyone in your class whose mother is a doctor? 你們班是否有母親是醫生的同學？ He usually has a short sleep after lunch，as is his habit. 正如他的習慣，他總是在午飯后小睡一會兒。 Such a person as you described doesn't exist. 像你描述的這樣一個人不存在。
2．由關系副詞引導的定語從句
引導定語從句的關系副詞有when，where，why。如： He will always remember the day when his father returned from America. 他將永遠記得他父親從美國回來的那一天。 The factory where his father works is the largest one in this city. 他父親工作的這個工廠是這個城市最大的工廠。
I don't know the reason why he was absent today. 我不知道他今天沒來的原因。 3．非限制性定語從句
根據定語從句與先行詞之間的關系，定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句與先行詞關系密切，起限制作用，不可去掉，中間無逗號隔開。非限制性定語從句只對主句起補充說明的作用，如去掉從句，主句也能獨立存在，意思仍然完整，從句與主句間往往有逗號分開。引導非限制性定語從句的引導詞有which，who，whom，whose，as，where，when(that不可引導非限制性定語從句)。如： The new house，which is situated at the foot of the mountain，has no electricity. 坐落于山腳下的這座新房子沒有電。 He has gone to America，where he will stay for two years. 他已經去美國了，他將在那里待兩年。 As we know，Canada is the second largest country in the world. 正如我們所知，加拿大是世界上第二大國。
4．關系代詞that與which的區別 (1)只用that引導的定語從句 that在定語從句中可以指人也可以指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，可以代替who，whom，which等。下列情況下只用that(作賓語時可以省略)而不用which引導定語從句。 ①先行詞被序數詞修飾時。 The first English novel(that)I read was A Tale of Two Cities.
我讀的第一本英文小說是《雙城記》。 ②先行詞被形容詞的最高級修飾時。 It is the best film(that)I have ever seen. 它是我看過的最好的電影。
③先行詞是all，everything，something，anything，nothing，none等不定代詞時。 Is this all that is left？這就是全部剩下的嗎？ I'll do everything(that)I can to help you. 我將盡我所能幫助你。
④先行詞被the only，the very修飾時。 The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一要緊的事是找到我們回家的路。 This is the very book(that) I've been looking for. 這就是我們正在找的書。 ⑤當特殊疑問句由who或which引導時，為避免重復，常用that代替who或which引導定語從句。 Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在門邊的那個人是誰？ Which is the dictionary(that)you bought yesterday? 哪一本是你昨天買的字典？
⑥先行詞既指人也指物。 Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 看那個在街上走著的人和他的驢。 (2)用which而不能用that引導的定語從句 ①which可引導非限制性定語從句，that則不能。 He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry. 他沒通過數學考試，這令他父親很生氣。 ②在介詞提前的定語從句中，只用which，而不用that引導。 This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live. 這是魯迅曾住過的房子。 5．as與which在引導定語從句時的區別 as與which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整個句子的內容，有時可以互換。 He married her，as(which) was natural. 很自然地，他和她結婚了。 但在下列情況下一般只能用as。 (1)as引導的定語從句可以放在句首，而which則不能。如： As we know，more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water. 正如我們所知，地球表面的70%以上由水覆蓋。 (2)as表示“正如，正像”，而which無此意。 此時，as從句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest等單詞或短語。如： He came back home late，as we expected. 正如我們所料，他回家晚了。 As is pointed out，this is a grammar problem. 正如所指出的，這是個語法問題。
People generally agree that American English differs from British English a bit，as is said above. 正如上面所說，大部分人都同意美式英語與英式英語有點不同。 (3)當先行詞被the same，such修飾時，定語從句需用as引導。如： I bought the same book as you have. 我買了一本跟你一樣的書。 I'll give you such things as you may need. 我將給你你需要的東西。 He'll marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他將與他能發現的最漂亮的女孩結婚。 但是當先行詞被the same修飾時，that也可引導定語從句，但意義有所不同。如： the same…as(指同樣或同類的)，the same…that(指同一個) This is the same watch as I lost. 這塊表與我丟的那塊一樣。 This is the same watch that I lost. 這就是我丟的那塊表。 6．whose和of whom，of which引導的定語從句 whose是一個表示所屬關系的詞，在定語從句中作定語，相當于my，his，her，its，their等修飾人或物。of which可以代替whose指物，詞序一般是名詞＋of which或of which＋名詞。of whom可以代替whose指人，詞序是名詞＋of whom。如：
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. ＝This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country. 這就是那位全國知名的科學家。 Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in. ＝Nobody wants the house the roof of which(或of which the roof)has fallen in. 沒有人想要那座屋頂掉落的房子。
7．“介詞＋which/whom”中介詞的確定 (1)與定語從句中的動詞構成搭配。如： The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. ＝The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 在會議中我與他談話的那個人是從北京大學來的。 但是在下面一句中for不可以提前，因為look for是動詞詞組。 This is the person(who/whom/that)you are looking for. 這就是你找的那個人。
(2)與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構成搭配。如： He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies. 他架起一架望遠鏡，通過它他可以研究天空。 He came to a farm，on which he finally settled. 他來到一個農場，最終在那里定居下來了。 8．幾種較為復雜的定語從句 (1)way后面的定語從句。 如果先行詞way后面的定語從句中缺少賓語或主語，則用that或which。如果定語從句中不缺少主語或賓語，則用in which，that或省略引導詞。如： I think the way(that/which)he told me is best. 我認為他告訴我的方法是最好的。
Please tell me the way that you did the job. ＝Please tell me the way you did the job. ＝Please tell me the way in which you did the job. 請告訴我你做工作的方式。 (2)as所引導的某些特殊定語從句。 She will marry as healthy a man as she can find. 她將嫁給她能找到的任何一個健康的人。 I'll provide you with such things as you may need. 我將提供給你可能需要的東西。 He doesn't have such a mind as is necessary to a scientist. 他缺乏科學家所應具有的頭腦。 注意下面兩句話的表達： ①The book is written in such easy English as I can read. 這本書是用我能讀的簡單英語寫成的。 ②The book is written in such easy English that I can read it. 這本書是用如此簡單的英語寫成，我都能讀懂。 (第一句為as引導的定語從句，as作賓語。 第二句為that引導的結果狀語從句。) (3)定語從句中加插入語。如： This is the man who I believe is very honest. 這就是那個我認為很誠實的人。 We feed the children who we think are hungry. 我們喂了那些我們認為很餓的孩子。 關系代詞與動詞之間有時有一個插入語，有時用逗號斷開，有時沒有逗號斷開。常用于插入語的動詞有believe，think，suppose，guess，say等。解題時應注意將插入成分取出，從而使難題化解。 9．分隔式定語從句 定語從句有時不直接緊靠著先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。如： There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand. 我不能理解他眼中表達的東西。 The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon.
中國人民被輕視的日子一去不復返了。
掌握從句要點，選擇合適的連接詞。 定語從句中的關系詞要作成分，關系代詞that,
which，as通常作主語或賓語；whose作定語；關系副詞where，when，why通常作狀語。that在其引導的名詞性從句中只起引導作用，不作成分；而連接詞what在從句中起雙重作用，既作成分又能引導句子。做題時，首先要分析從句成分，選擇合適的連接詞。例如： As a mother，I seldom give my children so difficult a job________they can't do actively. A．thatB．as C．whichD．if
[解析]在so...that結構中that引導的是狀語從句，狀語從句的結構完整，that在句子中不作成分。so...as結構中，as引導定語從句，as在定語從句中作主語或賓語。如果選that的話，do后面缺少賓語，句子結構就不完整了。分析job后面的句子可知，動詞do缺少賓語，故空格處要填一個關系代詞來引導一個定語從句修飾job；考慮到前面的so，這里應填as與之搭配。不要把這個句子看成是so...that結構。 [答案] B
語法精要十 定語從句
1.關系代詞引導的定語從句 引導定語從句的關系代詞有who，that，whom，which，whose，as。如： The book that(which) he is reading was written by LuXun. 他正在讀的那本書是魯迅寫的。 She is a student(whom/that)we should learn from 她是個我們該向她學習的學生。 Is there anyone in your class whose mother is a doctor? 你們班是否有母親是醫生的同學？ He usually has a short sleep after lunch，as is his habit. 正如他的習慣，他總是在午飯后小睡一會兒。 Such a person as you described doesn't exist. 像你描述的這樣一個人不存在。
2．由關系副詞引導的定語從句
引導定語從句的關系副詞有when，where，why。如： He will always remember the day when his father returned from America. 他將永遠記得他父親從美國回來的那一天。 The factory where his father works is the largest one in this city. 他父親工作的這個工廠是這個城市最大的工廠。
I don't know the reason why he was absent today. 我不知道他今天沒來的原因。 3．非限制性定語從句
根據定語從句與先行詞之間的關系，定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句與先行詞關系密切，起限制作用，不可去掉，中間無逗號隔開。非限制性定語從句只對主句起補充說明的作用，如去掉從句，主句也能獨立存在，意思仍然完整，從句與主句間往往有逗號分開。引導非限制性定語從句的引導詞有which，who，whom，whose，as，where，when(that不可引導非限制性定語從句)。如： The new house，which is situated at the foot of the mountain，has no electricity. 坐落于山腳下的這座新房子沒有電。 He has gone to America，where he will stay for two years. 他已經去美國了，他將在那里待兩年。 As we know，Canada is the second largest country in the world. 正如我們所知，加拿大是世界上第二大國。
4．關系代詞that與which的區別 (1)只用that引導的定語從句 that在定語從句中可以指人也可以指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，可以代替who，whom，which等。下列情況下只用that(作賓語時可以省略)而不用which引導定語從句。 ①先行詞被序數詞修飾時。 The first English novel(that)I read was A Tale of Two Cities.
我讀的第一本英文小說是《雙城記》。 ②先行詞被形容詞的最高級修飾時。 It is the best film(that)I have ever seen. 它是我看過的最好的電影。
③先行詞是all，everything，something，anything，nothing，none等不定代詞時。 Is this all that is left？這就是全部剩下的嗎？ I'll do everything(that)I can to help you. 我將盡我所能幫助你。
④先行詞被the only，the very修飾時。 The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一要緊的事是找到我們回家的路。 This is the very book(that) I've been looking for. 這就是我們正在找的書。 ⑤當特殊疑問句由who或which引導時，為避免重復，常用that代替who或which引導定語從句。 Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在門邊的那個人是誰？ Which is the dictionary(that)you bought yesterday? 哪一本是你昨天買的字典？
⑥先行詞既指人也指物。 Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 看那個在街上走著的人和他的驢。 (2)用which而不能用that引導的定語從句 ①which可引導非限制性定語從句，that則不能。 He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry. 他沒通過數學考試，這令他父親很生氣。 ②在介詞提前的定語從句中，只用which，而不用that引導。 This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live. 這是魯迅曾住過的房子。 5．as與which在引導定語從句時的區別 as與which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整個句子的內容，有時可以互換。 He married her，as(which) was natural. 很自然地，他和她結婚了。 但在下列情況下一般只能用as。 (1)as引導的定語從句可以放在句首，而which則不能。如： As we know，more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water. 正如我們所知，地球表面的70%以上由水覆蓋。 (2)as表示“正如，正像”，而which無此意。 此時，as從句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest等單詞或短語。如： He came back home late，as we expected. 正如我們所料，他回家晚了。 As is pointed out，this is a grammar problem. 正如所指出的，這是個語法問題。
People generally agree that American English differs from British English a bit，as is said above. 正如上面所說，大部分人都同意美式英語與英式英語有點不同。 (3)當先行詞被the same，such修飾時，定語從句需用as引導。如： I bought the same book as you have. 我買了一本跟你一樣的書。 I'll give you such things as you may need. 我將給你你需要的東西。 He'll marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他將與他能發現的最漂亮的女孩結婚。 但是當先行詞被the same修飾時，that也可引導定語從句，但意義有所不同。如： the same…as(指同樣或同類的)，the same…that(指同一個) This is the same watch as I lost. 這塊表與我丟的那塊一樣。 This is the same watch that I lost. 這就是我丟的那塊表。 6．whose和of whom，of which引導的定語從句 whose是一個表示所屬關系的詞，在定語從句中作定語，相當于my，his，her，its，their等修飾人或物。of which可以代替whose指物，詞序一般是名詞＋of which或of which＋名詞。of whom可以代替whose指人，詞序是名詞＋of whom。如：
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. ＝This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country. 這就是那位全國知名的科學家。 Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in. ＝Nobody wants the house the roof of which(或of which the roof)has fallen in. 沒有人想要那座屋頂掉落的房子。
7．“介詞＋which/whom”中介詞的確定 (1)與定語從句中的動詞構成搭配。如： The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. ＝The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 在會議中我與他談話的那個人是從北京大學來的。 但是在下面一句中for不可以提前，因為look for是動詞詞組。 This is the person(who/whom/that)you are looking for. 這就是你找的那個人。
(2)與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構成搭配。如： He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies. 他架起一架望遠鏡，通過它他可以研究天空。 He came to a farm，on which he finally settled. 他來到一個農場，最終在那里定居下來了。 8．幾種較為復雜的定語從句 (1)way后面的定語從句。 如果先行詞way后面的定語從句中缺少賓語或主語，則用that或which。如果定語從句中不缺少主語或賓語，則用in which，that或省略引導詞。如： I think the way(that/which)he told me is best. 我認為他告訴我的方法是最好的。
Please tell me the way that you did the job. ＝Please tell me the way you did the job. ＝Please tell me the way in which you did the job. 請告訴我你做工作的方式。 (2)as所引導的某些特殊定語從句。 She will marry as healthy a man as she can find. 她將嫁給她能找到的任何一個健康的人。 I'll provide you with such things as you may need. 我將提供給你可能需要的東西。 He doesn't have such a mind as is necessary to a scientist. 他缺乏科學家所應具有的頭腦。 注意下面兩句話的表達： ①The book is written in such easy English as I can read. 這本書是用我能讀的簡單英語寫成的。 ②The book is written in such easy English that I can read it. 這本書是用如此簡單的英語寫成，我都能讀懂。 (第一句為as引導的定語從句，as作賓語。 第二句為that引導的結果狀語從句。) (3)定語從句中加插入語。如： This is the man who I believe is very honest. 這就是那個我認為很誠實的人。 We feed the children who we think are hungry. 我們喂了那些我們認為很餓的孩子。 關系代詞與動詞之間有時有一個插入語，有時用逗號斷開，有時沒有逗號斷開。常用于插入語的動詞有believe，think，suppose，guess，say等。解題時應注意將插入成分取出，從而使難題化解。 9．分隔式定語從句 定語從句有時不直接緊靠著先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。如： There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand. 我不能理解他眼中表達的東西。 The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon.
中國人民被輕視的日子一去不復返了。
