2024年高三高考復習必練教程:名詞3
B5Unit4
1.protection nprotect v.保護→protective adj.保護的,3.loss nlose v.遺失,loser n.輸家;失敗者→lost adj.遺失的,
(1)affect 常做及物動詞,“影響,感動,感染”。
(2)effect 常做名詞,“結果,效果,作用,影響”,常用于詞組:have an effect on/upon sb. 對……有影響,take effect 生效,實行,come/go into effect 開始生效,開始實施。
(3)influence 可做動詞也可做名詞,表示“影響、感染”的意思時,是指使思想、行為、性質或發展和成長等發生變化的影響。它可以指壞的影響,也可以指好的影響,這種影響常常是潛移默化的。
[應用2] (1)Probably we ______________ each other.
(2)To _________ a policy is to have an _________ on it.
Influenced/(affect/effect)
B2unit5
6.instrument n7.passerby n.過路人;行人→passersby (pl.)
9.broadcast n vi. & vt.廣播;播放
B3unit1
2.origin noriginal adj.原來的 3.religion nreligious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔誠的 4.belief n6.independence nindependent adj.獨立的;自主的
9.award n vt.授予;判定 10.admire vt.admiration n.羨慕 12.custom n13.permission npermit vt.允許n.許可證;執照
15.sadness nsad adj.悲哀的;悲傷的 1.trick n vt.哄騙,欺騙 trick or treat 不送禮物就搗亂(萬圣節前夕孩子們 挨戶要禮物的用語) play a trick on sb.捉弄某人 have a trick of doing sth. 有做某事的習慣 trick sb. into doing sth. 哄騙某人做某事 trick sb. out of sth. 騙取某人某物
[即學即練1](1)John taught me ________________________ opening a bottle of wine. 約翰教會了我打開酒瓶蓋的竅門。(2)The children loved to ________________________ their teacher.這些孩子好跟他們的老師玩惡作劇。(3)She ______ me _________________ for her meal at the restaurant.她在飯館里騙我替她付了飯錢。
B3uint2
1.diet n vi.節食
4.curiosity ncurious adj.好奇的
7.customer n
8.discount n9.weakness nweak adj.虛弱的→weaken v.使變弱
10.strength nstrengthen v.加強,13.debt n
15.limit n vt.限制;限定→limited adj.有限的
16.benefit n vt. & vi.有益于;有助于;受益→beneficial adj.有利的,
(2)The doctors all suggest I _______________________ .醫生們都建議我節食。
Too
rich
a
diet/go
on
a
diet
比較:diet 既可指習慣上常用的食品,又可指規定的食物,特指維持健康的定質定量的食物;food是“食物”的一般用語,指任何能吃的且有營養的東西。
5.limit n.界限;限度 v.限制;限定
limited adj. 有限的
limitation n. 限制;限制條件,不足之處
go beyond/over the limit 超過限度
within limits 在一定范圍內;有限度的
within the limits of 在……的范圍內
without limit 無限(制)地
set a limit to sth. 對……規定限度
be limited to sth. 受限制于……
limit sth. to sth. 把……限定在……的范圍內
[即學即練5](1)I've ____________________ 1 000 calories a day to try to lose weight.
我試著減肥,限定自己每天攝入1 000卡的熱量。
(2)A wise man knows his own ______________.
人貴有自知之明。
(3)As we all know, a person's life is ______, but knowledge is _________________.
=As we all know, there is ____________________ a person's life but ____________________ knowledge.
我們都知道,人的生命是有限的,而知識卻是無限的。
limited
myself
to/limitations/(limited/unlimited)/a
limit
to/no
limit
to
6.benefit n.利益,實惠;優越性
vt.&vi.得益;使……受益
benefit sb./someplace 使某人/某地受益
benefit from/by sth.
receive/gain benefit from sth.得益于某事
be of great/much benefit to sb.
=be very beneficial to sb. 對某人有好處
for the benefit of...為了幫助……;為了……的利益
[即學即練6](1)The new hospital will ________the entire community.這所新醫院將使整個社區受益。
(2)I __________ much ______ my father's advice.
我從父親的建議中獲益頗多。
(3)Moderate exercise will be _______________________ you.適度運動對你有很多益處。
(4)She went there _______________________________ her health.她為了健康而去了那里。
Benefit/benefited from/of
much
benefit
to/for
the
benefit
of
1. strength/force/energy/power
(1)strength 指固有的潛力。說人時,指“力氣”;說物時,指“強度”。也可指“強項,長處”。
(2)force 主要指自然界的力量,暴力,勢力以及法律、道德或感情的力量,軍事的力量等。
(3)energy 主要指人的精力或自然界的能量。
(4)power 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能;也可指人或機器等事物潛在的或所能發揮出來的力量;還可指職權、權力或政權。
[應用1] 用 energy/power/force和 strength 填空。
(1)Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of __________.
(2)The party came to __________ at the last election.
(3)Gandi insisted on winning independence by peaceful struggles, not by ___________.
(4)Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his ___________.
Energy/power/force/strength
B3Unit3
1.adventure nadventurer n.冒險家→adventurous adj.喜歡冒險的
2.scene n(戲劇)一場;現場;場面;景色
4.pavement n7.passage n(包括食宿);通道;(一)段
10.patience npatient adj. & n.有耐心的;病人
11.contrary nadj.相反的;相違的→contrarily adv.相反地
12.envelope n
14.amount n15.manner n……)作好準備,(為……)設置舞臺
[即學即練1](1)Our reporter was the first person_________________________(到現場).
(2)The rocking boats along the river bank___________________________(構成一道美麗的風景).
(3)The boy led his mother to _________________________________________(事故現場).
on
the
scene/make
a
beautiful
scene/the
scene
of
the
accident
4.account n. 說明;理由;計算;賬目;報道
vi. & vt. 認為;說明;總計有
account for 說明(原因等);作出解釋
on account of 由于,因為
on no account 決不(置于句首時,句子用部分倒裝)
on any account 無論如何
take account of=take...into consideration 考慮……
keep an account of 記錄,記載
[即學即練4](1)He could not _______________ his foolish mistake.
他無法解釋他所犯的愚蠢錯誤。
(2)Give us ________________________ what happened.
跟我們說一下到底發生了什么。
(3)She retired early ______________________ ill health.
她體弱多病,所以提前退休。
(4)The company _____________________ environmental issues wherever possible.只要有可能,這家公司會考慮到環境問題。
account
for/an
account
for/on
account
of/takes
account
of
提示:表示否定意義的 on no account 放在句首時,句子應用部分倒裝。如:On no account should you go there. 你絕對不可以到那里去。
1. scene/scenery/view/sight
(1)scene 指展現在眼前的情景,也可以指 scenery 的一部分,指某處小范圍的景色,大多包括景物中的人及活動,可譯為“情景”“景色”“場面”“(戲劇)一場”。
(2)scenery是總稱,指大范圍的自然風光,是由多個 scene 構成的景色,常譯為“景色”“風景”。
(3)view 是指人從一定的角度(或從遠處或從高處等)所看到的景象,還有“觀點”“看法”等意思。
(4)sight是眼睛所看到的景象,可以指美麗的風景,也可以指悲慘的景象,其復數形式 sights 表示“名勝古跡,人文景觀”等。
[應用1] 用 scene, scenery, view, sight的適當形式填空。
(1)As we climbed higher, a wonderful ______ opened out before us.
(2)The next day we returned to the ______ of the accident.
(3)The ______ of the play is a kitchen.
(4)The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking ______ in the world.
(5)The autumn __________ of Beijing is charming.
(6)Do you remember the ______ in the play where Susan meets Alan for the first time?
View/scene/scene/sights/scenery/scene
2. manner/method/way/means
這四個詞均有“方法;方式”的意思。
(1)manner指個人的、獨特的或有特色的“方法;方式”,常與in連用。
(2)method指合理的或系統的“方法”,包括抽象的觀念和具體的步驟,如為完成教學、調查、醫療等各項工作而采取的一系列步驟或方法,常與with連用。
(3)means指為達到某種目的而采取的“手段”或“方法”,常與by連用。
(4)way為普通用語,可以代替method, manner或means,但way更富有表達力,常與in連用。
[應用2] (1)He invented a new __________ of teaching English.
(2)I don’t like his ___________ of walking.
(3)There is/are no ____________ of getting there.
(4)You can finish it by this _______________.
(5)There are a lot of ________________ to make friends.
Method/manner/means/means/ways
B3unit4
1.astronomy nastronomer n.天文學家 2.system n3.theory ntheoretical adj.理論上的 4.globe nglobal adj.全球性的;全世界的
6.atmosphere n8.presence npresent adj. & n. & v.在場的;目前,,11.puzzle nvt. & vi.(使)迷惑;(使)為難→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 12.gravity n13.satellite n14.climate n15.spaceship n16.pull n. & vt.(力);拖;牽引力 18.mass n(復)群眾
B3unit5
1.minister n3.scenery n9.border n vt. & vi.與……接壤;接近
14.distance ndistant adj.遠的,17.tradition ntraditional adj.傳統的
2.measure n. [U] [C]措施 vt.&vi.測量,丈量,計量 make clothes to one‘s own measure 量體裁衣 by measure 按尺寸 take measures (steps) to do sth.采取措施 beyond measure 無法估量,,be measured in 以……來計算
[即學即練2](1) We must ______ ____________ _________ to solve these problems one by one. 我們必須采取必要的措施逐個解決問題。(2) This room ___________ 6 metres by 4. 這個房間有6米長,4。(3)Did you __________ the distance between those two development areas? 你們測量了那兩個開發區之間的距離了嗎?
Take necessary measures/measures/measure
3.within prep. within reach 夠得著 within sight 在視線范圍內 within one‘s power 力所能及 within an hour 一小時內 within call 在附近;隨叫隨到 within reason 理智地;合理地
[即學即練3](1)You should receive a reply ______ ______ ______.你會在七天內收到答復。(2)It wasn't ______ ______ ______ to help her. 幫助她并非我力所能及的事。
4.border n.
vt. &vi. 與……接壤;接近 a border town 邊境城市 the border of the lake 湖邊 on the border of 將要,,border on sth. 接近某物,
[即學即練4](1)France ________ Germany ______ parts of the Rhine.法國沿萊茵河部分河段與德國接壤。(2)She felt an anxiety ___________ ______ hysteria. 她感覺到一種近乎歇斯底里的焦慮。(3)The large garden ______ __________ ______ a stream. 大花園緊臨著一條小溪。
B
6.distance n. v. 不介入;與……疏遠 distant adj. 遙遠的;遠處的;久遠的 at a distance 隔一段距離;距離稍遠 in the distance 在遠方 out of distance from 離……太遠,keep sb. at a distance 對……冷淡,keep one‘s distance from 與……保持距離 distance yourself from 不介入;與……疏遠
[即學即練6](1)I don't know ______ _________(距離) from Beijing to Shanghai. (2)The hospital is ______ ______ (不遠) at all. (3)The oil painting looks better ______ ______ ______(遠看起來). (4)______ ______ ___________(從遠處),I would see them waving their hands. (5)I can see a light ______
______ _________(). the distance/not distant/at a distance/in the distance
B5Unit4
1.protection nprotect v.保護→protective adj.保護的,3.loss nlose v.遺失,loser n.輸家;失敗者→lost adj.遺失的,
(1)affect 常做及物動詞,“影響,感動,感染”。
(2)effect 常做名詞,“結果,效果,作用,影響”,常用于詞組:have an effect on/upon sb. 對……有影響,take effect 生效,實行,come/go into effect 開始生效,開始實施。
(3)influence 可做動詞也可做名詞,表示“影響、感染”的意思時,是指使思想、行為、性質或發展和成長等發生變化的影響。它可以指壞的影響,也可以指好的影響,這種影響常常是潛移默化的。
[應用2] (1)Probably we ______________ each other.
(2)To _________ a policy is to have an _________ on it.
Influenced/(affect/effect)
B2unit5
6.instrument n7.passerby n.過路人;行人→passersby (pl.)
9.broadcast n vi. & vt.廣播;播放
B3unit1
2.origin noriginal adj.原來的 3.religion nreligious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔誠的 4.belief n6.independence nindependent adj.獨立的;自主的
9.award n vt.授予;判定 10.admire vt.admiration n.羨慕 12.custom n13.permission npermit vt.允許n.許可證;執照
15.sadness nsad adj.悲哀的;悲傷的 1.trick n vt.哄騙,欺騙 trick or treat 不送禮物就搗亂(萬圣節前夕孩子們 挨戶要禮物的用語) play a trick on sb.捉弄某人 have a trick of doing sth. 有做某事的習慣 trick sb. into doing sth. 哄騙某人做某事 trick sb. out of sth. 騙取某人某物
[即學即練1](1)John taught me ________________________ opening a bottle of wine. 約翰教會了我打開酒瓶蓋的竅門。(2)The children loved to ________________________ their teacher.這些孩子好跟他們的老師玩惡作劇。(3)She ______ me _________________ for her meal at the restaurant.她在飯館里騙我替她付了飯錢。
B3uint2
1.diet n vi.節食
4.curiosity ncurious adj.好奇的
7.customer n
8.discount n9.weakness nweak adj.虛弱的→weaken v.使變弱
10.strength nstrengthen v.加強,13.debt n
15.limit n vt.限制;限定→limited adj.有限的
16.benefit n vt. & vi.有益于;有助于;受益→beneficial adj.有利的,
(2)The doctors all suggest I _______________________ .醫生們都建議我節食。
Too
rich
a
diet/go
on
a
diet
比較:diet 既可指習慣上常用的食品,又可指規定的食物,特指維持健康的定質定量的食物;food是“食物”的一般用語,指任何能吃的且有營養的東西。
5.limit n.界限;限度 v.限制;限定
limited adj. 有限的
limitation n. 限制;限制條件,不足之處
go beyond/over the limit 超過限度
within limits 在一定范圍內;有限度的
within the limits of 在……的范圍內
without limit 無限(制)地
set a limit to sth. 對……規定限度
be limited to sth. 受限制于……
limit sth. to sth. 把……限定在……的范圍內
[即學即練5](1)I've ____________________ 1 000 calories a day to try to lose weight.
我試著減肥,限定自己每天攝入1 000卡的熱量。
(2)A wise man knows his own ______________.
人貴有自知之明。
(3)As we all know, a person's life is ______, but knowledge is _________________.
=As we all know, there is ____________________ a person's life but ____________________ knowledge.
我們都知道,人的生命是有限的,而知識卻是無限的。
limited
myself
to/limitations/(limited/unlimited)/a
limit
to/no
limit
to
6.benefit n.利益,實惠;優越性
vt.&vi.得益;使……受益
benefit sb./someplace 使某人/某地受益
benefit from/by sth.
receive/gain benefit from sth.得益于某事
be of great/much benefit to sb.
=be very beneficial to sb. 對某人有好處
for the benefit of...為了幫助……;為了……的利益
[即學即練6](1)The new hospital will ________the entire community.這所新醫院將使整個社區受益。
(2)I __________ much ______ my father's advice.
我從父親的建議中獲益頗多。
(3)Moderate exercise will be _______________________ you.適度運動對你有很多益處。
(4)She went there _______________________________ her health.她為了健康而去了那里。
Benefit/benefited from/of
much
benefit
to/for
the
benefit
of
1. strength/force/energy/power
(1)strength 指固有的潛力。說人時,指“力氣”;說物時,指“強度”。也可指“強項,長處”。
(2)force 主要指自然界的力量,暴力,勢力以及法律、道德或感情的力量,軍事的力量等。
(3)energy 主要指人的精力或自然界的能量。
(4)power 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能;也可指人或機器等事物潛在的或所能發揮出來的力量;還可指職權、權力或政權。
[應用1] 用 energy/power/force和 strength 填空。
(1)Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of __________.
(2)The party came to __________ at the last election.
(3)Gandi insisted on winning independence by peaceful struggles, not by ___________.
(4)Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his ___________.
Energy/power/force/strength
B3Unit3
1.adventure nadventurer n.冒險家→adventurous adj.喜歡冒險的
2.scene n(戲劇)一場;現場;場面;景色
4.pavement n7.passage n(包括食宿);通道;(一)段
10.patience npatient adj. & n.有耐心的;病人
11.contrary nadj.相反的;相違的→contrarily adv.相反地
12.envelope n
14.amount n15.manner n……)作好準備,(為……)設置舞臺
[即學即練1](1)Our reporter was the first person_________________________(到現場).
(2)The rocking boats along the river bank___________________________(構成一道美麗的風景).
(3)The boy led his mother to _________________________________________(事故現場).
on
the
scene/make
a
beautiful
scene/the
scene
of
the
accident
4.account n. 說明;理由;計算;賬目;報道
vi. & vt. 認為;說明;總計有
account for 說明(原因等);作出解釋
on account of 由于,因為
on no account 決不(置于句首時,句子用部分倒裝)
on any account 無論如何
take account of=take...into consideration 考慮……
keep an account of 記錄,記載
[即學即練4](1)He could not _______________ his foolish mistake.
他無法解釋他所犯的愚蠢錯誤。
(2)Give us ________________________ what happened.
跟我們說一下到底發生了什么。
(3)She retired early ______________________ ill health.
她體弱多病,所以提前退休。
(4)The company _____________________ environmental issues wherever possible.只要有可能,這家公司會考慮到環境問題。
account
for/an
account
for/on
account
of/takes
account
of
提示:表示否定意義的 on no account 放在句首時,句子應用部分倒裝。如:On no account should you go there. 你絕對不可以到那里去。
1. scene/scenery/view/sight
(1)scene 指展現在眼前的情景,也可以指 scenery 的一部分,指某處小范圍的景色,大多包括景物中的人及活動,可譯為“情景”“景色”“場面”“(戲劇)一場”。
(2)scenery是總稱,指大范圍的自然風光,是由多個 scene 構成的景色,常譯為“景色”“風景”。
(3)view 是指人從一定的角度(或從遠處或從高處等)所看到的景象,還有“觀點”“看法”等意思。
(4)sight是眼睛所看到的景象,可以指美麗的風景,也可以指悲慘的景象,其復數形式 sights 表示“名勝古跡,人文景觀”等。
[應用1] 用 scene, scenery, view, sight的適當形式填空。
(1)As we climbed higher, a wonderful ______ opened out before us.
(2)The next day we returned to the ______ of the accident.
(3)The ______ of the play is a kitchen.
(4)The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking ______ in the world.
(5)The autumn __________ of Beijing is charming.
(6)Do you remember the ______ in the play where Susan meets Alan for the first time?
View/scene/scene/sights/scenery/scene
2. manner/method/way/means
這四個詞均有“方法;方式”的意思。
(1)manner指個人的、獨特的或有特色的“方法;方式”,常與in連用。
(2)method指合理的或系統的“方法”,包括抽象的觀念和具體的步驟,如為完成教學、調查、醫療等各項工作而采取的一系列步驟或方法,常與with連用。
(3)means指為達到某種目的而采取的“手段”或“方法”,常與by連用。
(4)way為普通用語,可以代替method, manner或means,但way更富有表達力,常與in連用。
[應用2] (1)He invented a new __________ of teaching English.
(2)I don’t like his ___________ of walking.
(3)There is/are no ____________ of getting there.
(4)You can finish it by this _______________.
(5)There are a lot of ________________ to make friends.
Method/manner/means/means/ways
B3unit4
1.astronomy nastronomer n.天文學家 2.system n3.theory ntheoretical adj.理論上的 4.globe nglobal adj.全球性的;全世界的
6.atmosphere n8.presence npresent adj. & n. & v.在場的;目前,,11.puzzle nvt. & vi.(使)迷惑;(使)為難→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 12.gravity n13.satellite n14.climate n15.spaceship n16.pull n. & vt.(力);拖;牽引力 18.mass n(復)群眾
B3unit5
1.minister n3.scenery n9.border n vt. & vi.與……接壤;接近
14.distance ndistant adj.遠的,17.tradition ntraditional adj.傳統的
2.measure n. [U] [C]措施 vt.&vi.測量,丈量,計量 make clothes to one‘s own measure 量體裁衣 by measure 按尺寸 take measures (steps) to do sth.采取措施 beyond measure 無法估量,,be measured in 以……來計算
[即學即練2](1) We must ______ ____________ _________ to solve these problems one by one. 我們必須采取必要的措施逐個解決問題。(2) This room ___________ 6 metres by 4. 這個房間有6米長,4。(3)Did you __________ the distance between those two development areas? 你們測量了那兩個開發區之間的距離了嗎?
Take necessary measures/measures/measure
3.within prep. within reach 夠得著 within sight 在視線范圍內 within one‘s power 力所能及 within an hour 一小時內 within call 在附近;隨叫隨到 within reason 理智地;合理地
[即學即練3](1)You should receive a reply ______ ______ ______.你會在七天內收到答復。(2)It wasn't ______ ______ ______ to help her. 幫助她并非我力所能及的事。
4.border n.
vt. &vi. 與……接壤;接近 a border town 邊境城市 the border of the lake 湖邊 on the border of 將要,,border on sth. 接近某物,
[即學即練4](1)France ________ Germany ______ parts of the Rhine.法國沿萊茵河部分河段與德國接壤。(2)She felt an anxiety ___________ ______ hysteria. 她感覺到一種近乎歇斯底里的焦慮。(3)The large garden ______ __________ ______ a stream. 大花園緊臨著一條小溪。
B
6.distance n. v. 不介入;與……疏遠 distant adj. 遙遠的;遠處的;久遠的 at a distance 隔一段距離;距離稍遠 in the distance 在遠方 out of distance from 離……太遠,keep sb. at a distance 對……冷淡,keep one‘s distance from 與……保持距離 distance yourself from 不介入;與……疏遠
[即學即練6](1)I don't know ______ _________(距離) from Beijing to Shanghai. (2)The hospital is ______ ______ (不遠) at all. (3)The oil painting looks better ______ ______ ______(遠看起來). (4)______ ______ ___________(從遠處),I would see them waving their hands. (5)I can see a light ______
______ _________(). the distance/not distant/at a distance/in the distance