2024屆高三英語一輪復習課時作業8：Unit 3《Computers》（新人教版必修2）

　　Ⅰ.多項選擇

　　1．(2011·南通中學高三模擬)Many colleges have taken measures to ________ students' cheating in exams.

　　A．work out

　　B．find out

　　C．deal with

　　D．go with

　　[解析]句意：許多大學已經采取措施來處理學生的考試作弊問題。work out 算出；find out 找出；deal with 處理，對付；go with 與……相配。

　　[答案]C

　　2．The policeman ________ the children to cross the road when the traffic lights turned green.

　　A．let

　　B．made

　　C．signaled

　　D．called

　　[解析]句意：當交通燈變綠時警察向孩子們作手勢，讓他們過馬路。signal sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事。由 let/make sb.do sth.可排除選項A、B兩項；call“喊，叫”，不符合句意。

　　[答案]C

　　3．It was generally believed that the show was not as successful as expected, but ________， I think it was a great success.

　　A．personally

　　B．directly

　　C．publicly

　　D．secretly

　　[解析]personally“就個人而言，就本人而論”，符合題意。

　　[答案]A

　　4．—I have been worried about the possible danger of driving on a railway line.

　　—Do not be afraid; God will ________ us.

　　A．turn over

　　B．watch over

　　C．go over

　　D．look over

　　[解析]watch over“照看，看守，照顧”，符合題意。turn over 翻個過；go over 復習；look over 檢查。

　　[答案]B

　　5．Do please remember to tell me when any difficulty ________.

　　A．comes

　　B．arises

　　C．rises

　　D．happens

　　[解析]句意：無論有什么困難，一定記得要告訴我。arise (問題，困難等)出現，發生；happen (某事，事故等)發生；rise 上升，升高；come 來到，到來。

　　[答案]B

　　6．—Do you know how many students took part in the sports meet?

　　—About 400 ________.

　　A．in advance

　　B．after all

　　C．in total

　　D．at all

　　[解析]表達“總共，完全”可以使用下列短語：altogether，in all 或 in total。

　　[答案]C

　　7．The loss has not yet been ________ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.

　　A．calculated

　　B．considered

　　C．completed

　　D．controlled

　　[解析]句意：雖然還沒有精確計算損失，但是人們認為很可能會超過一億美元。consider 考慮，認為；complete 完成，竣工；control 控制。以上三詞都不符合句意。又如：I calculate that I will reach Beijing at about 5 p．m.我估計我大約下午5點到達北京。It is calculated that the number of students who are studying in middle schools is decreasing.有人推測中學就讀的學生數量在逐漸減少。除了掌握 calculate“計算，推算，估計”外，還應該注意相關短語：be calculated to do sth.打算或計劃做某事；calculate on sth./doing sth.指望或依靠某事物。

　　[答案]A

　　8．(2024·安徽蚌埠一中月考)When my parents were young, they had to ________ several miles every day to school since they had no money to buy a bike.

　　A．occupy

　　B．cover

　　C．get

　　D．make

　　[解析]cover 走過多遠的距離。occupy 占用；get 得到；make 成為。句意：我父母年輕時，不得不每天走七里地去上學，因為他們沒有錢買自行車。

　　[答案]B

　　9．Her display of bad temper completely ________ the party.

　　A．harmed

　　B．damaged

　　C．spoilt

　　D．hurt

　　[解析]spoil 指“使……掃興，搞糟”。如：Quarrelling spoilt the picnic.爭吵使這次野餐很掃興。hurt 傷害；damage 損壞；harm 危害，均不合題意。

　　[答案]C

　　10．These plastic flowers look so ________ that many people think they are real.

　　A．beautiful

　　B．natural

　　C．artificial

　　D．similar

　　[解析]句意：這些塑料花看上去很自然，以至于好多人以為是真的。beautiful 漂亮的，artificial 人造的，假的；similar 相似的，只有B項符合句意。

　　[答案]B

　　Ⅱ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　(2024·北京海淀區期末練習)Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive (沖動的) and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective.

　　Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as“novelty seeking”， characterized by impulsive actions; “harm avoidance”， marked by pessimism and shyness; “reward dependence”， with an addictive personality; and “persistence”， who are people tending to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists.

　　The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types. For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.

　　The fact that characteristics are reflected in specific structural differences is useful to know, for instance, when it comes to understanding a child's behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is, for example, particularly timid, might be helped through education and development.

　　There is no point shouting at a child who is very shy and telling them off, because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward. But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.

　　People who have a reward-dependence personality could, for example, be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink, drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need.

　　“This study shows that personality characteristics are something you are born with, but their full expression can be adjusted during development with the right approach.” said Professor Venneri, who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis.

　　If you know it's not something you do but something you are, you can change the environment to reduce the risk. Knowing that someone has such a predisposition (體質)could help them adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful.

　　1．Which type of person may turn out to be drug-abusers?

　　A. “Novelty seeking”.

　　B. “Reward dependence”．

　　C. “Harm avoidance”.

　　D. “Persistence”．

　　2．Which of the following is true about shy people?

　　A. They are often shouted at and scolded.

　　B. They can naturally put themselves forward.

　　C. They structurally have a smaller brain region.

　　D. They are too timid to be educated and helped.

　　3．What's the main idea of the passage?

　　A. People have chances to change their personality types.

　　B. Scientists have identified four different personality types.

　　C. Structural differences in the brain have effects on education.

　　D. Personality types are related to structural differences in the brain.

　　4．The author writes the passage to________.

　　A. present a fact

　　B. argue a claim

　　C. support a research

　　D. introduce an approach

　　答案與解析

　　1．B　從第二段中“reward dependence” with an addictive personality 可知B項正確。

　　2．C　從第二段中“harm avoidance”marked by pessimism and shyness和第三段中For instance，...while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions可知。

　　3．D　第一段第一句為主題句。

　　4．A　從第四段第一句The fact that ... 可知作者寫該文章來陳述一個客觀事實。

　　B

　　(2011·全國Ⅰ)While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.

　　The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign(發起運動) for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.Beds that are too small，shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.

　　But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met.The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.

　　“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for(滿足需要) less than half of the male(男性) population.” said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy，“Seven-foot beds would work fine.”

　　Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems.Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.

　　Some have already taken note, however.At Queens Moat Houses' Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors，particularly Americans.

　　1．What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?

　　A．To provide better services.

　　B．To rebuild hotels and restaurants.

　　C．To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.

　　D．To attract more people to become its members.

　　2．Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?

　　A．7′2″.

　　B．7′.

　　C．6′6″.

　　D． 6′3″.

　　3．What may happen to restaurants with small tables?

　　A．They may lose some customers.

　　B．They may start businesses elsewhere.

　　C．They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.

　　D．They have to provide enough space for the long-legged.

　　4．What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?

　　A．Tall people pay more for larger beds.

　　B．6′6″ beds have taken the place of 6′3″ beds.

　　C．Special rooms are kept for Americans.

　　D．Guest rooms are standardized.

　　答案與解析

　　[語篇解讀]　本文為議論文。作者通過簡述TPCGB俱樂部的目的，運用具體數字，提出當今高個子人在賓館、飯店遇到的尷尬事，意在引起全社會對高個子公民的關注。

　　1．C　細節理解題。由文中第二段第一句的to campaign for the needs of the tall可知此俱樂部的目的為C項。

　　2．B　細節理解題。第四段最后一句：七英尺的床最合適。故答案為B項。

　　3．A　細節理解題。根據第五段可知飯店里的小桌子足以把高個子顧客趕到別處去。

　　4．B　細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句話可知在Edinburgh已安放6′6″的床作為標準床。

　　Ⅲ.完成句子

　　1．This is the photo of the power station________in my home- town.(set)

　　這是在我家鄉建成的發電站的照片。

　　2．You've made________in the writing that we couldn't catch what you meant.(many)

　　你的寫作中有如此多的錯誤以至于我們不能理解你的意思。

　　3．________，I did research into how to make my radio.(go)

　　隨著時間的流逝，我進行調查看怎樣制作收音機。

　　4．It will be 3 years________.(come)

　　再過三年她才會回來。

　　5．We know that many mysteries about the universe________so far.(solve)

　　我們知道關于宇宙的許多謎團到現在還沒有被解開。

　　6．We all know that________，the situation will get worse.(deal)

　　我們都知道如果不謹慎處理，情形會變得更糟。

　　7．________，we can reduce the production costs now.(help)

　　在電腦的幫助下，現在我們可以減少生產成本。

　　8．The child________by Grandma Wang all these years.(care)

　　這些年這個孩子都是由王媽媽照看。

　　9．By the time I was sixteen，my dream________.(realize)

　　到我十六歲的時候，我的夢想實現了。

　　10．Anyhow，my goal is________a life of high quality.(provide)

　　無論如何，我的目標是給人類提供高質量的生活。

　　答案

　　1．that/which has been set up

　　2．so many mistakes

　　3．As time went by/With time going by

　　4．before she comes back

　　5．haven't been solved

　　6．if(it is)not carefully dealt with

　　7．With the help of computer

　　8．has been taken care of

　　9．had been realized

　　10．to provide human beings with

　　Ⅰ.多項選擇

　　1．(2011·南通中學高三模擬)Many colleges have taken measures to ________ students' cheating in exams.

　　A．work out

　　B．find out

　　C．deal with

　　D．go with

　　[解析]句意：許多大學已經采取措施來處理學生的考試作弊問題。work out 算出；find out 找出；deal with 處理，對付；go with 與……相配。

　　[答案]C

　　2．The policeman ________ the children to cross the road when the traffic lights turned green.

　　A．let

　　B．made

　　C．signaled

　　D．called

　　[解析]句意：當交通燈變綠時警察向孩子們作手勢，讓他們過馬路。signal sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事。由 let/make sb.do sth.可排除選項A、B兩項；call“喊，叫”，不符合句意。

　　[答案]C

　　3．It was generally believed that the show was not as successful as expected, but ________， I think it was a great success.

　　A．personally

　　B．directly

　　C．publicly

　　D．secretly

　　[解析]personally“就個人而言，就本人而論”，符合題意。

　　[答案]A

　　4．—I have been worried about the possible danger of driving on a railway line.

　　—Do not be afraid; God will ________ us.

　　A．turn over

　　B．watch over

　　C．go over

　　D．look over

　　[解析]watch over“照看，看守，照顧”，符合題意。turn over 翻個過；go over 復習；look over 檢查。

　　[答案]B

　　5．Do please remember to tell me when any difficulty ________.

　　A．comes

　　B．arises

　　C．rises

　　D．happens

　　[解析]句意：無論有什么困難，一定記得要告訴我。arise (問題，困難等)出現，發生；happen (某事，事故等)發生；rise 上升，升高；come 來到，到來。

　　[答案]B

　　6．—Do you know how many students took part in the sports meet?

　　—About 400 ________.

　　A．in advance

　　B．after all

　　C．in total

　　D．at all

　　[解析]表達“總共，完全”可以使用下列短語：altogether，in all 或 in total。

　　[答案]C

　　7．The loss has not yet been ________ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.

　　A．calculated

　　B．considered

　　C．completed

　　D．controlled

　　[解析]句意：雖然還沒有精確計算損失，但是人們認為很可能會超過一億美元。consider 考慮，認為；complete 完成，竣工；control 控制。以上三詞都不符合句意。又如：I calculate that I will reach Beijing at about 5 p．m.我估計我大約下午5點到達北京。It is calculated that the number of students who are studying in middle schools is decreasing.有人推測中學就讀的學生數量在逐漸減少。除了掌握 calculate“計算，推算，估計”外，還應該注意相關短語：be calculated to do sth.打算或計劃做某事；calculate on sth./doing sth.指望或依靠某事物。

　　[答案]A

　　8．(2024·安徽蚌埠一中月考)When my parents were young, they had to ________ several miles every day to school since they had no money to buy a bike.

　　A．occupy

　　B．cover

　　C．get

　　D．make

　　[解析]cover 走過多遠的距離。occupy 占用；get 得到；make 成為。句意：我父母年輕時，不得不每天走七里地去上學，因為他們沒有錢買自行車。

　　[答案]B

　　9．Her display of bad temper completely ________ the party.

　　A．harmed

　　B．damaged

　　C．spoilt

　　D．hurt

　　[解析]spoil 指“使……掃興，搞糟”。如：Quarrelling spoilt the picnic.爭吵使這次野餐很掃興。hurt 傷害；damage 損壞；harm 危害，均不合題意。

　　[答案]C

　　10．These plastic flowers look so ________ that many people think they are real.

　　A．beautiful

　　B．natural

　　C．artificial

　　D．similar

　　[解析]句意：這些塑料花看上去很自然，以至于好多人以為是真的。beautiful 漂亮的，artificial 人造的，假的；similar 相似的，只有B項符合句意。

　　[答案]B

　　Ⅱ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　(2024·北京海淀區期末練習)Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive (沖動的) and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective.

　　Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as“novelty seeking”， characterized by impulsive actions; “harm avoidance”， marked by pessimism and shyness; “reward dependence”， with an addictive personality; and “persistence”， who are people tending to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists.

　　The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types. For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.

　　The fact that characteristics are reflected in specific structural differences is useful to know, for instance, when it comes to understanding a child's behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is, for example, particularly timid, might be helped through education and development.

　　There is no point shouting at a child who is very shy and telling them off, because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward. But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.

　　People who have a reward-dependence personality could, for example, be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink, drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need.

　　“This study shows that personality characteristics are something you are born with, but their full expression can be adjusted during development with the right approach.” said Professor Venneri, who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis.

　　If you know it's not something you do but something you are, you can change the environment to reduce the risk. Knowing that someone has such a predisposition (體質)could help them adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful.

　　1．Which type of person may turn out to be drug-abusers?

　　A. “Novelty seeking”.

　　B. “Reward dependence”．

　　C. “Harm avoidance”.

　　D. “Persistence”．

　　2．Which of the following is true about shy people?

　　A. They are often shouted at and scolded.

　　B. They can naturally put themselves forward.

　　C. They structurally have a smaller brain region.

　　D. They are too timid to be educated and helped.

　　3．What's the main idea of the passage?

　　A. People have chances to change their personality types.

　　B. Scientists have identified four different personality types.

　　C. Structural differences in the brain have effects on education.

　　D. Personality types are related to structural differences in the brain.

　　4．The author writes the passage to________.

　　A. present a fact

　　B. argue a claim

　　C. support a research

　　D. introduce an approach

　　答案與解析

　　1．B　從第二段中“reward dependence” with an addictive personality 可知B項正確。

　　2．C　從第二段中“harm avoidance”marked by pessimism and shyness和第三段中For instance，...while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions可知。

　　3．D　第一段第一句為主題句。

　　4．A　從第四段第一句The fact that ... 可知作者寫該文章來陳述一個客觀事實。

　　B

　　(2011·全國Ⅰ)While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.

　　The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign(發起運動) for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.Beds that are too small，shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.

　　But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met.The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.

　　“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for(滿足需要) less than half of the male(男性) population.” said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy，“Seven-foot beds would work fine.”

　　Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems.Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.

　　Some have already taken note, however.At Queens Moat Houses' Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors，particularly Americans.

　　1．What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?

　　A．To provide better services.

　　B．To rebuild hotels and restaurants.

　　C．To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.

　　D．To attract more people to become its members.

　　2．Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?

　　A．7′2″.

　　B．7′.

　　C．6′6″.

　　D． 6′3″.

　　3．What may happen to restaurants with small tables?

　　A．They may lose some customers.

　　B．They may start businesses elsewhere.

　　C．They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.

　　D．They have to provide enough space for the long-legged.

　　4．What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?

　　A．Tall people pay more for larger beds.

　　B．6′6″ beds have taken the place of 6′3″ beds.

　　C．Special rooms are kept for Americans.

　　D．Guest rooms are standardized.

　　答案與解析

　　[語篇解讀]　本文為議論文。作者通過簡述TPCGB俱樂部的目的，運用具體數字，提出當今高個子人在賓館、飯店遇到的尷尬事，意在引起全社會對高個子公民的關注。

　　1．C　細節理解題。由文中第二段第一句的to campaign for the needs of the tall可知此俱樂部的目的為C項。

　　2．B　細節理解題。第四段最后一句：七英尺的床最合適。故答案為B項。

　　3．A　細節理解題。根據第五段可知飯店里的小桌子足以把高個子顧客趕到別處去。

　　4．B　細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句話可知在Edinburgh已安放6′6″的床作為標準床。

　　Ⅲ.完成句子

　　1．This is the photo of the power station________in my home- town.(set)

　　這是在我家鄉建成的發電站的照片。

　　2．You've made________in the writing that we couldn't catch what you meant.(many)

　　你的寫作中有如此多的錯誤以至于我們不能理解你的意思。

　　3．________，I did research into how to make my radio.(go)

　　隨著時間的流逝，我進行調查看怎樣制作收音機。

　　4．It will be 3 years________.(come)

　　再過三年她才會回來。

　　5．We know that many mysteries about the universe________so far.(solve)

　　我們知道關于宇宙的許多謎團到現在還沒有被解開。

　　6．We all know that________，the situation will get worse.(deal)

　　我們都知道如果不謹慎處理，情形會變得更糟。

　　7．________，we can reduce the production costs now.(help)

　　在電腦的幫助下，現在我們可以減少生產成本。

　　8．The child________by Grandma Wang all these years.(care)

　　這些年這個孩子都是由王媽媽照看。

　　9．By the time I was sixteen，my dream________.(realize)

　　到我十六歲的時候，我的夢想實現了。

　　10．Anyhow，my goal is________a life of high quality.(provide)

　　無論如何，我的目標是給人類提供高質量的生活。

　　答案

　　1．that/which has been set up

　　2．so many mistakes

　　3．As time went by/With time going by

　　4．before she comes back

　　5．haven't been solved

　　6．if(it is)not carefully dealt with

　　7．With the help of computer

　　8．has been taken care of

　　9．had been realized

　　10．to provide human beings with