高中英語 語法精講（Unit 20 Archaeology）人教版
語法精講 IT的用法
1.用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物
The frog is not a warmblooded animal.It is cold-blooded one.
2.用以代替指示代詞this,that
—What is this?
—It is a flag.
—It is hers.
3.起指示代詞的作用，指一個人或事物
—Who is knocking at the door?
—It is me.
—Who is making such a noise?
—It must be the children4.指環境情況等
It was very quiet(noisy)at the moment.
5.指時間、季節等
—What time is it?
—It is eight o’clock.It often rains in summer.
6.指距離
It is five kilometers from the office to my home.
7.形式主語it的用法
It is+clear+that
(2)It is+cruel(kind,brave,nice,rude,wise,stupid,clever,foolish,polite…)+of sb.+ to do sth.
(3)It is important(necessary,possible,impossible,easy,difficult,hard…)+for sb.+to do sth.
①It is foolish of you to waste money.
?、贗t is silly of him to say that.
介詞for和of的區別依前面的那個形容詞而定。如果那個形容詞指的是一種行為的性質，就要用for;如果那個形容詞指的是行為的性質，同時又指行為的人，就用of。換句話說，單說行為的用for,如necessary一詞，僅指“行為”，而無法指“行為者”；而說及行為者的用of，如kind一詞，可以說“你的行為是親切的”，也可以認為作為“行為者的你是親切的”。
①It is rude for the young to make fun of their elders.
②It was very kind of your uncle to give us a lift in his car.
①It seems that he is ill.
?、贗t happened that he wasn’t at home.
8.形式賓語it的用法
I+believe(make,consider,regard,suppose,feel,think,find,…)+it+賓語補足語+to do如：I think it important to work hard every day。
9.用于強調結構
要強調句子的某一部分（通常是主語、狀語、賓語），可以把it當作先行詞。這種句子的結構是“It is(was)+被強調部分+that(who,whom)+句子的其余部分?！比绻麖娬{的部分是人，可用who,whom代替that。例如：
It is Prof.Lin who teaches us English.(強調主語)
It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.(強調賓語)
It was in Shanghai that I saw the film.(強調狀語)
It was in 1975 that I worked in a factory.(強調狀語)
【考例1】2006全國高考Ⅰ,26If I can help_____,I don’t like working late into the night.
A.so
B.that
C.it
D.them
解析: if I can help it意為“如果我有辦法”，表示有辦法做某事，或有辦法控制某個局面。所提供的情景“I don’t like working late into the night”說明如果有辦法，不喜歡工作到深夜。so意為“這樣”，常用于省略句中，代替上文中的動作。that用于代替上文的內容。
答案：C
【考例2】2006山東高考，24I’d appreciate ______if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A.that
B.it
C.this
D.you
解析:it指代用來泛泛地指某事，可用于如I like it, I appreciate it等類似的句子，表示喜歡和贊賞某事，it和that均可指代前面提到的名詞或事，it是人稱代詞，可指代同名同物，指代有不定冠詞的或有其他限定詞的單數可數名詞，也可指代一件具體的事；that是指示代詞，常指代有定冠詞的單數可數名詞和不可數名詞，也可指代剛提到的一件具體事。
答案:B
【考例3】2006安徽高考，34Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting,addressed________to______and then posted it at the nearby post office.
A.it;her
B.it;herself
C.herself;her
D.herself;herself
解析:address sth. to sb.“把（話）講給……，把（信）寫給……”。
答案：B
【考例4】2006江蘇揚州一模in the school rules that boy students should not wear long hair.
A.What is required
B.What requires
C.It is required
D.It requires
解析:考查名詞性從句。it是形式主語，that引導的從句是真正的主語。
答案：C
【考例5】2005山西太原一模We have made______a rule to practise oral English whenever and wherever_______possible.
A.it;its
B.it;it
C.that;it
D.it;/
解析:考查代詞it的基本用法。it可作形式主語和形式賓語，無意義，真正的主語和賓語后置。make it a rule to do…即為該用法，第二空為省略句，在時間和條件狀語從句中，從句的主語是it,謂語是be動詞，此時it is/was可一同省略。
答案： D
【考例6】2006黃岡一?！狧e looks unhappy.
—Yes,but he can’t say what it is_______is bothering him.
A.as
B.that
C.what
D.which
解析:考查強調句型。...“what it is that is bothering him”是強調句型。
答案：B
語法精講 IT的用法
1.用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物
The frog is not a warmblooded animal.It is cold-blooded one.
2.用以代替指示代詞this,that
—What is this?
—It is a flag.
—It is hers.
3.起指示代詞的作用，指一個人或事物
—Who is knocking at the door?
—It is me.
—Who is making such a noise?
—It must be the children4.指環境情況等
It was very quiet(noisy)at the moment.
5.指時間、季節等
—What time is it?
—It is eight o’clock.It often rains in summer.
6.指距離
It is five kilometers from the office to my home.
7.形式主語it的用法
It is+clear+that
(2)It is+cruel(kind,brave,nice,rude,wise,stupid,clever,foolish,polite…)+of sb.+ to do sth.
(3)It is important(necessary,possible,impossible,easy,difficult,hard…)+for sb.+to do sth.
?、買t is foolish of you to waste money.
?、贗t is silly of him to say that.
介詞for和of的區別依前面的那個形容詞而定。如果那個形容詞指的是一種行為的性質，就要用for;如果那個形容詞指的是行為的性質，同時又指行為的人，就用of。換句話說，單說行為的用for,如necessary一詞，僅指“行為”，而無法指“行為者”；而說及行為者的用of，如kind一詞，可以說“你的行為是親切的”，也可以認為作為“行為者的你是親切的”。
?、買t is rude for the young to make fun of their elders.
?、贗t was very kind of your uncle to give us a lift in his car.
①It seems that he is ill.
②It happened that he wasn’t at home.
8.形式賓語it的用法
I+believe(make,consider,regard,suppose,feel,think,find,…)+it+賓語補足語+to do如：I think it important to work hard every day。
9.用于強調結構
要強調句子的某一部分（通常是主語、狀語、賓語），可以把it當作先行詞。這種句子的結構是“It is(was)+被強調部分+that(who,whom)+句子的其余部分?！比绻麖娬{的部分是人，可用who,whom代替that。例如：
It is Prof.Lin who teaches us English.(強調主語)
It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.(強調賓語)
It was in Shanghai that I saw the film.(強調狀語)
It was in 1975 that I worked in a factory.(強調狀語)
【考例1】2006全國高考Ⅰ,26If I can help_____,I don’t like working late into the night.
A.so
B.that
C.it
D.them
解析: if I can help it意為“如果我有辦法”，表示有辦法做某事，或有辦法控制某個局面。所提供的情景“I don’t like working late into the night”說明如果有辦法，不喜歡工作到深夜。so意為“這樣”，常用于省略句中，代替上文中的動作。that用于代替上文的內容。
答案：C
【考例2】2006山東高考，24I’d appreciate ______if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A.that
B.it
C.this
D.you
解析:it指代用來泛泛地指某事，可用于如I like it, I appreciate it等類似的句子，表示喜歡和贊賞某事，it和that均可指代前面提到的名詞或事，it是人稱代詞，可指代同名同物，指代有不定冠詞的或有其他限定詞的單數可數名詞，也可指代一件具體的事；that是指示代詞，常指代有定冠詞的單數可數名詞和不可數名詞，也可指代剛提到的一件具體事。
答案:B
【考例3】2006安徽高考，34Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting,addressed________to______and then posted it at the nearby post office.
A.it;her
B.it;herself
C.herself;her
D.herself;herself
解析:address sth. to sb.“把（話）講給……，把（信）寫給……”。
答案：B
【考例4】2006江蘇揚州一模in the school rules that boy students should not wear long hair.
A.What is required
B.What requires
C.It is required
D.It requires
解析:考查名詞性從句。it是形式主語，that引導的從句是真正的主語。
答案：C
【考例5】2005山西太原一模We have made______a rule to practise oral English whenever and wherever_______possible.
A.it;its
B.it;it
C.that;it
D.it;/
解析:考查代詞it的基本用法。it可作形式主語和形式賓語，無意義，真正的主語和賓語后置。make it a rule to do…即為該用法，第二空為省略句，在時間和條件狀語從句中，從句的主語是it,謂語是be動詞，此時it is/was可一同省略。
答案： D
【考例6】2006黃岡一?！狧e looks unhappy.
—Yes,but he can’t say what it is_______is bothering him.
A.as
B.that
C.what
D.which
解析:考查強調句型。...“what it is that is bothering him”是強調句型。
答案：B
